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The 1080p resolution standard is fundamentally defined by 1,920 horizontal pixels and 1,080 vertical pixels, with the 'p' indicating a progressive scan display method.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1080p standard is characterized by a resolution of 1920x1080 pixels. The 'p' signifies progressive scan, where all lines of each frame are drawn sequentially.
In marketing contexts, 1080p is exclusively referred to by its technical designation, BT.709.
Answer: False
Explanation: While 1080p is sometimes referred to as BT.709, it is more widely known by the marketing terms 'Full HD' or 'FHD'.
The standard aspect ratio for 1080p resolution is 4:3, which corresponds to a total resolution of 2.1 megapixels.
Answer: False
Explanation: The typical aspect ratio for 1080p is 16:9, not 4:3. This widescreen aspect ratio results in a total resolution of approximately 2.1 megapixels.
The terms 'Full HD' or 'FHD' are used in marketing to distinguish the higher pixel count of 1080p from the 720p resolution standard.
Answer: True
Explanation: To highlight its superior pixel count and clarity, 1080p is often marketed as 'Full HD' or 'FHD' to differentiate it from the lower 720p resolution.
The term 1080p is universally accepted as a true 2K resolution, as it consistently features exactly 2,000 horizontal pixels.
Answer: False
Explanation: While sometimes referred to as 2K resolution due to its approximately 2,000 horizontal pixels (1,920), some sources differentiate it from true 2K resolutions like DCI 2K, which has 2,048 horizontal pixels.
The term 1080p invariably refers to a 1920x1080p raster with a 16:9 aspect ratio, without any exceptions.
Answer: False
Explanation: While 1920x1080 at 16:9 is the most common reference, other resolutions such as Full HD+ (2160x1080) and DCI 2K (2048x1080) are also sometimes referred to as 1080p.
What is the standard horizontal pixel count for 1080p video modes?
Answer: 1,920 pixels
Explanation: The 1080p standard is defined by a resolution of 1,920 pixels displayed horizontally and 1,080 pixels displayed vertically.
Which of the following is a common marketing term for 1080p resolution?
Answer: Full HD
Explanation: 1080p is widely marketed as 'Full HD' or 'FHD' to differentiate it from lower high-definition resolutions like 720p.
What is the typical aspect ratio associated with 1080p, and what is its approximate total megapixel count?
Answer: 16:9, 2.1 megapixels
Explanation: The 1080p standard typically assumes a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, which corresponds to a total resolution of approximately 2.1 megapixels.
How is 1080p resolution commonly marketed to differentiate it from 720p?
Answer: As 'Full HD' or 'FHD' to highlight its higher pixel count.
Explanation: To emphasize its superior clarity and pixel density compared to 720p, 1080p is frequently marketed with terms like 'Full HD' or 'FHD'.
Which of the following resolution designations, sometimes referred to as 1080p, features an 18:9 aspect ratio?
Answer: Full HD+
Explanation: Full HD+ is a resolution variant (2160x1080p) with an 18:9 aspect ratio that is sometimes categorized under the general 1080p umbrella.
Both the ATSC standards in the United States and the DVB standards in Europe support the transmission of 1080p video signals.
Answer: True
Explanation: 1080p video signals are supported by both the ATSC standards used in the United States and the DVB standards prevalent in Europe.
The 'HD ready 1080p' logo program by DigitalEurope requires certified television sets to support 1080p signals at 24, 25, 50, and 60 frames per second.
Answer: True
Explanation: To receive the 'HD ready 1080p' certification from DigitalEurope, TV sets must support 1080p formats at 24, 25, 50, and 60 frames per second, among other requirements.
The original ATSC standards in the United States supported 1080p video at frame rates of 23.976, 24, 25, 29.97, and 30 frames per second.
Answer: True
Explanation: The initial ATSC standards for HDTV in the U.S. did support 1080p video, but only at frame rates colloquially known as 1080p24, 1080p25, and 1080p30.
The ATSC standards were amended in 2010 to incorporate H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression and add support for 1080p at 50, 59.94, and 60 frames per second.
Answer: False
Explanation: The ATSC standards were amended in July 2008, not 2010, to include H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression and support for higher frame rates like 1080p50 and 1080p60.
Widespread availability of 1080p60 programming is expected due to recent ATSC amendments and improved receiver capabilities.
Answer: False
Explanation: Widespread availability of 1080p60 programming is not expected, primarily because most existing digital receivers can only decode the older MPEG-2 codec and because of limited bandwidth for subchannels.
In Europe, the DVB suite of broadcasting standards has included support for 1080p25 signals.
Answer: True
Explanation: The DVB suite of broadcasting standards, which is used in Europe, has supported the transmission of 1080p25 signals.
Broadcasting in 1080p50 in Europe requires significantly more bandwidth than broadcasting 1080i50 signals.
Answer: False
Explanation: Due to increased compression efficiency, 1080p50 broadcasting is expected to require the same bandwidth as a 1080i50 signal, not significantly more.
In September 2009, ETSI and EBU expanded DVB support for 1080p signals to include MPEG-4 AVC High Profile Level 4.2 with Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extensions.
Answer: True
Explanation: In September 2009, the maintainers of the DVB suite added support for 1080p50 signals coded with MPEG-4 AVC High Profile Level 4.2 with SVC extensions, enhancing the standard's capabilities.
In the United States, 1080p over-the-air broadcasts are widely available across all major networks via the ATSC 1.0 standard.
Answer: False
Explanation: 1080p over-the-air broadcasts in the U.S. are not widely available and are limited to select stations in some cities using the newer ATSC 3.0 standard, not ATSC 1.0.
Most television stations in the United States that do not broadcast in 1080p typically use either 720p60 or 1080i60 as their high-definition format.
Answer: True
Explanation: The common alternative high-definition broadcast formats for U.S. TV stations not using 1080p are 720p60 or 1080i60, typically encoded with MPEG-2.
German television stations commenced broadcasting 1080p50 high-definition video via the HEVC-encoded DVB-T2 protocol in June 2016.
Answer: True
Explanation: In June 2016, German television stations began broadcasting 1080p50 video on several channels using the DVB-T2 protocol with HEVC encoding.
Which major digital television broadcasting standard in the United States supports 1080p video signals?
Answer: ATSC
Explanation: The ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) standards, used for digital television broadcasting in the United States, support 1080p video signals.
What frame rates for 1080p are required for television sets to be certified under the 'HD ready 1080p' logo program by DigitalEurope?
Answer: 1080p at 24, 25, 50, and 60 fps
Explanation: The DigitalEurope 'HD ready 1080p' certification requires that TV sets support a range of frame rates, specifically 1080p at 24, 25, 50, and 60 frames per second.
In what year were the ATSC standards amended to include H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression and support for 1080p at 50, 59.94, and 60 frames per second?
Answer: July 2008
Explanation: The ATSC standards were amended in July 2008 to incorporate the more efficient H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec and add support for higher 1080p frame rates (50, 59.94, and 60 fps).
Which H.264/AVC profile level is required to support the higher 1080p frame rates (50/60 fps) within the ATSC standards?
Answer: High Profile Level 4.2
Explanation: To handle the increased data demands of 1080p at 50 or 60 frames per second, the ATSC standards require the more demanding H.264/AVC High Profile Level 4.2.
What is the primary reason that widespread availability of 1080p60 programming is not expected, despite ATSC amendments allowing for it?
Answer: Most existing digital receivers can only decode the older MPEG-2 codec, and there is limited bandwidth.
Explanation: The widespread adoption of 1080p60 broadcasting is hindered by the fact that most existing digital receivers only support the older MPEG-2 codec, combined with limited bandwidth for subchannels.
How does the bandwidth efficiency of 1080p50 broadcasting compare to that of 1080i50 signals in Europe?
Answer: It requires the same bandwidth.
Explanation: Due to the increased efficiency of modern compression codecs, 1080p50 broadcasting in Europe is expected to require the same amount of bandwidth as a 1080i50 signal.
In the United States, which digital television standard is currently used for the limited 1080p over-the-air broadcasts available in select cities?
Answer: ATSC 3.0
Explanation: The limited over-the-air 1080p broadcasts available in the United States are transmitted using the newer ATSC 3.0 digital television standard.
What are the most common resolutions used by U.S. television stations that do not broadcast in 1080p?
Answer: 720p60 or 1080i60
Explanation: For U.S. TV stations not broadcasting in 1080p, the typical alternative high-definition formats are 720p at 60 frames per second or 1080i at 60 fields per second.
In what year did German television stations begin broadcasting 1080p50 high-definition video using the HEVC-encoded DVB-T2 protocol?
Answer: June 2016
Explanation: German television stations initiated 1080p50 broadcasts via the DVB-T2 protocol with HEVC encoding in June 2016.
For live broadcast applications, 1080p at 24 frames per second was evaluated as a future standard for moving picture acquisition.
Answer: False
Explanation: For live broadcast applications, high-definition progressive scan formats at 1080p with 50 or 60 frames per second were being evaluated as a future standard, not 24 fps, which is more common for cinematic film production.
The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) endorsed 1080p50 as a future-proof production format due to its improved resolution and compatibility with Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI) distribution formats.
Answer: True
Explanation: The EBU endorsed 1080p50 because it offered improved resolution, eliminated the need for deinterlacing, and was compatible with DCI distribution formats, making it a versatile and high-quality production standard.
The 1080p50/p60 production format requires new studio equipment and doubles the data rate of the 1920x1080 interlaced signals at 50 or 60 fields per second.
Answer: True
Explanation: Adopting the 1080p50/p60 production format necessitates new studio equipment and doubles the data rate from approximately 1.485 Gbit/s to 3 Gbit/s compared to existing 1920x1080 interlaced signals.
According to SMPTE and EBU standards, transmitting 1080p50 and 1080p60 signals typically requires the use of the RGB color space.
Answer: False
Explanation: SMPTE and EBU standards typically require the YCbCr color space with 4:2:2 chroma subsampling for transmitting 1080p50 and 1080p60 signals, not the RGB color space.
Studies from 2009 demonstrated that interlaced video offered significant transmission bandwidth savings over progressive video when compressed with H.264/AVC.
Answer: False
Explanation: On the contrary, 2009 studies showed that bandwidth savings for interlaced video over progressive video were minimal when using H.264/AVC compression, with a 1080p50 signal producing the same bit rate as a 1080i50 signal.
Scalable Video Coding (SVC) ensures forward compatibility by forcing older MPEG-4 AVC receivers to upgrade their firmware to decode full-resolution 1080p60 signals.
Answer: False
Explanation: SVC ensures forward compatibility by allowing older receivers to decode a lower-resolution baseline stream while ignoring additional packets, thus not requiring an upgrade. Newer hardware can decode the full-resolution signal.
The EBU's 'Advanced 1080p' format, announced in June 2016, incorporates features such as high-dynamic-range video and the BT.2020 color gamut.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Advanced 1080p' format from the EBU includes UHD Phase A features, notably high-dynamic-range (HDR) video and the wide BT.2020 color gamut, to significantly enhance visual quality.
Film-based 1080p24 content that is broadcast as 1080i60 cannot be viewed as true 1080p because information is irretrievably lost during the interlacing process.
Answer: False
Explanation: No information is lost during this conversion. The original 1080p24 content can be perfectly reconstructed from the 1080i60 signal using a process known as inverse telecine.
Why did the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) endorse 1080p50 as a future-proof production format?
Answer: It improved resolution, required no deinterlacing, and was compatible with DCI distribution formats.
Explanation: The EBU endorsed 1080p50 for several key advantages: it offered better resolution, eliminated the need for deinterlacing, and was compatible with Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI) formats, making it a robust choice for future productions.
What is the approximate data rate increase when moving to the 1080p50/p60 production format compared to 1920x1080 interlaced signals at 50 or 60 fields per second?
Answer: It doubles the data rate.
Explanation: The 1080p50/p60 production format doubles the data rate of the equivalent 1920x1080 interlaced signal, increasing from approximately 1.485 Gbit/s to 3 Gbit/s.
What color space and chroma subsampling are typically required for transmitting 1080p50 and 1080p60 signals according to SMPTE and EBU standards?
Answer: YCbCr and 4:2:2
Explanation: For transmitting high-frame-rate 1080p signals, SMPTE and EBU standards typically require the YCbCr color space with 4:2:2 chroma subsampling.
According to 2009 studies, what was the conclusion regarding transmission bandwidth savings for interlaced versus progressive video when compressed with H.264/AVC?
Answer: Bandwidth savings for interlaced video were minimal.
Explanation: Studies in 2009 concluded that when using H.264/AVC compression, the transmission bandwidth savings of interlaced video over fully progressive video were minimal.
Which of the following codecs is NOT mentioned as being required for 1080p50 production in Europe?
Answer: MPEG-1
Explanation: 1080p50 production requires efficient codecs such as JPEG 2000, H.264/AVC, and HEVC. MPEG-1 is an older, less efficient standard not suitable for this application.
How does Scalable Video Coding (SVC) enable forward compatibility for 1080p50/p60 broadcasting with older MPEG-4 AVC receivers?
Answer: It allows older receivers to decode a baseline stream while ignoring additional packets for full resolution.
Explanation: SVC provides forward compatibility by structuring the video stream so that older receivers can recognize and decode a baseline, lower-resolution stream (e.g., 720p60) and simply ignore the additional data packets that newer hardware uses to construct the full-resolution signal.
What advanced features are included in the EBU's 'Advanced 1080p' format, announced in June 2016?
Answer: UHD Phase A features like high-dynamic-range video and BT.2020 color gamut.
Explanation: The EBU's 'Advanced 1080p' format incorporates UHD Phase A features, including high-dynamic-range (HDR) video and the wide BT.2020 color gamut, to significantly improve image quality.
How can film-based 1080p24 content, when broadcast as 1080i60, still be viewed as true 1080p?
Answer: By using a process known as inverse telecine, as no information is lost during the conversion.
Explanation: Because no information is lost when converting 1080p24 film source to 1080i60 using a 3:2 pulldown, the original progressive frames can be perfectly reconstructed through a process called inverse telecine, restoring the true 1080p image.
Satellite services in the United States primarily use 1080p/60 for live streaming of pay-per-view movies.
Answer: False
Explanation: Satellite services use the 1080p/24-30 format for pay-per-view movies that are downloaded in advance or available on-demand, not for live streaming.
Blu-ray Discs are capable of storing 1080p HD content, and most movies on this format produce a full 1080p picture when connected to an HDTV via HDMI.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Blu-ray Disc format is designed to hold 1080p HD content, and when used with a compatible player and HDTV connected via HDMI, it delivers a full 1080p image.
The Blu-ray Disc video specification exclusively allows for the encoding of 1080p24 video formats.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Blu-ray Disc specification is flexible, allowing for the encoding of 1080p23.976, 1080p24, 1080i50, and 1080i59.94 video formats.
Video on a 1080p Blu-ray disc typically runs at a much higher data rate than conventional standard definition broadcasts.
Answer: True
Explanation: Blu-ray 1080p video has a typical data rate of 30 to 40 megabits per second, which is significantly higher than the approximately 3.5 megabits per second for standard definition broadcasts.
The bitrate for 1080p content streamed on YouTube is comparable to that of Blu-ray Discs.
Answer: False
Explanation: YouTube streams 1080p content at a much lower bitrate (approximately 4 Mbps) compared to Blu-ray Discs (30-40 Mbps), indicating a higher level of compression for online delivery.
How do satellite services like DirecTV and Dish Network utilize the 1080p format for their pay-per-view movie offerings?
Answer: They use 1080p/24-30 with MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 encoding for downloaded or on-demand content.
Explanation: Satellite services deliver pay-per-view movies in 1080p at 24-30 frames per second using MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 encoding. This content is typically downloaded in advance or accessed on-demand, not streamed live.
What is the primary reason that pay service and premium movie channels generally do not stream live in 1080p to their distributors?
Answer: Insufficient bandwidth for distributors to provide live 1080p streaming without impacting current services.
Explanation: The main obstacle is that many distributors (MVPDs), such as cable and satellite providers, lack sufficient bandwidth to stream live 1080p content to all subscribers without negatively affecting their existing services.
What is the typical video data rate range for 1080p content on a Blu-ray Disc?
Answer: 30 to 40 megabits per second
Explanation: To ensure high visual quality, 1080p video on Blu-ray Discs typically runs at a data rate of 30 to 40 megabits per second.
Which of the following digital distribution services is mentioned as offering 1080p content?
Answer: Hulu
Explanation: Several digital distribution services deliver 1080p content, with Hulu being one of the examples provided, alongside others like YouTube and HBO Max.
How does the bitrate of YouTube's 1080p streaming compare to the bitrate of Blu-ray Discs?
Answer: YouTube's bitrate is considerably lower.
Explanation: YouTube's 1080p streaming bitrate is approximately 4 Mbps, which is considerably lower than the 30-40 Mbps typical of Blu-ray Discs, reflecting the higher compression needed for internet streaming.
The 1080p standard is primarily used in television broadcasts and on Blu-ray Discs, with limited application in other devices.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1080p standard has widespread application beyond television and Blu-ray, including in smartphones, internet content, computer monitors, video game consoles, and various digital cameras.
A display advertising '1080p capability' guarantees that it will upscale any lower-resolution signal to 1080p.
Answer: False
Explanation: A '1080p capable' display can accept a 1080p signal and display it with a native resolution of at least 1080 vertical lines without reinterpreting it to a lower resolution. It does not guarantee upscaling of all lower-resolution signals.
By 2012, smartphones with 1080p Full HD displays had become the standard for all models on the market.
Answer: False
Explanation: While smartphones with 1080p displays became available in 2012, it was not until 2014 that 1080p became the standard for mid-range to high-end smartphones, not all models.
As of 2012, the majority of consumer televisions sold were equipped with 1080p inputs and supported full high-definition resolutions across various display technologies.
Answer: True
Explanation: By 2012, most consumer televisions sold, including plasma, LCD, and projection models, provided 1080p inputs (mainly via HDMI) and supported full high-definition resolutions.
The marketing term 'Full HD' guarantees that a television set can render digital video at all possible frame rates encoded in 1920x1080 pixel source files.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'Full HD' can be misleading, as it does not guarantee support for all 1080p frame rates. Notably, a 'Full HD' set may not support the 1080p24 format common in films.
Most widescreen CRT and LCD computer monitors are incapable of natively displaying 1080p content without scaling.
Answer: False
Explanation: Most widescreen CRT and LCD monitors can natively display 1080p content. For instance, WUXGA monitors with a 1920x1200 resolution can display 1080p content pixel-for-pixel.
Sony released the first 1080p laptop in 2011, and 1080p has since become the lowest resolution standard for contemporary laptops.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following Sony's release of the first 1080p laptop in 2011 and the subsequent introduction of 4K laptops, 1080p has become the baseline standard resolution for modern laptops.
The capability to capture 1080p video is restricted to professional video cameras; consumer devices like smartphones and laptops lack this feature.
Answer: False
Explanation: A wide range of consumer devices, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and DSLR cameras, are capable of capturing 1080p video at various frame rates.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a typical application where the 1080p standard is utilized?
Answer: Fax machines
Explanation: The 1080p standard is used in a wide array of digital video applications, including Blu-ray, smartphones, and gaming consoles, but not in analog technologies like fax machines.
What is the technical implication when a display device is advertised as '1080p capable'?
Answer: It has a native resolution of at least 1080 vertical lines and can accept a 1080p signal without downscaling.
Explanation: A '1080p capable' display can accept a 1080p signal and display it with a native resolution of at least 1080 vertical lines, ensuring the signal is not reinterpreted to a lower resolution.
In what year did 1080p resolution become the standard for mid-range to high-end smartphones?
Answer: 2014
Explanation: Following the introduction of the first 1080p smartphones in 2012, the resolution became the standard for mid-range to high-end models by 2014.
What is a potentially misleading aspect of the marketing term 'Full HD' as used by AV equipment manufacturers?
Answer: It does not guarantee support for all 1080p frame rates, such as 1080p24.
Explanation: The term 'Full HD' can be misleading because it does not guarantee that a device can render video at all possible 1080p frame rates. A notable omission can be the 1080p24 format used for films.
What is the native resolution of widescreen WUXGA computer monitors that allows them to display 1080p content without scaling?
Answer: 1920x1200
Explanation: Widescreen WUXGA monitors have a native resolution of 1920x1200 pixels. This allows them to display 1080p (1920x1080) content pixel-for-pixel with extra vertical space.
In what year did Sony release its first laptop with a 1080p display?
Answer: 2011
Explanation: Sony released its first 1080p laptop, the VPCCB17FG, in 2011, marking a key step in the adoption of high-resolution displays in portable computers.
Video game consoles first began supporting 1080p output with the launch of the eighth generation in 2013.
Answer: False
Explanation: Support for 1080p output began with the seventh generation of consoles, launched in 2005, with both the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 being capable of this resolution.
When docked to a television, the Nintendo Switch console is capable of displaying content in resolutions up to 1080p.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Nintendo Switch console supports resolutions up to 1080p when it is in its docked mode and connected to a television.
Which video game consoles from the seventh generation (launched in 2005) were capable of outputting a 1080p signal?
Answer: Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3
Explanation: Support for 1080p output began with the seventh console generation, with both the Microsoft Xbox 360 and Sony PlayStation 3 being capable of this resolution.
What significant improvement related to 1080p gaming occurred with the eighth generation of video game consoles?
Answer: They gained the ability to natively render gaming content at 1080p or higher, rather than just upscaling.
Explanation: The increased computing power of eighth-generation consoles allowed them to natively render complex gaming content at 1080p resolution, a significant leap from the previous generation which often relied on upscaling lower resolutions.
Which resolution was advertised for the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X at their 2020 launch but is not yet supported as of 2024?
Answer: 8K UHD
Explanation: Both the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X were advertised with 8K UHD support at launch, but as of 2024, neither console has implemented output for this standard.
What is the stated display resolution of the upcoming Nintendo Switch 2 when it is undocked and used in handheld mode?
Answer: 1080p
Explanation: The successor to the Nintendo Switch is stated to feature a 1080p display for use in its undocked, handheld mode, an upgrade from the original's 720p screen.