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Did the Republican Party secure a majority in the House of Representatives following the 1938 elections?
Answer: False
Explanation: Although the Republican Party experienced a substantial resurgence, achieving a net gain of 81 seats, they did not secure a majority in the House of Representatives; the Democratic Party retained control.
The general election for the majority of seats in the United States House of Representatives in 1938 was conducted on November 8, 1938.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. While the elections were primarily held on November 8, 1938, the state of Maine conducted its congressional elections earlier, on September 12, 1938.
Following the 1938 elections, the Republican Party secured a majority in the House of Representatives.
Answer: False
Explanation: Despite significant gains, the Republican Party did not secure a majority in the House of Representatives after the 1938 elections; the Democratic Party retained its majority.
Only a portion of the seats in the United States House of Representatives were contested in the 1938 elections.
Answer: False
Explanation: All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives were contested in the 1938 elections.
A majority in the House of Representatives required 218 seats during the 1938 elections.
Answer: True
Explanation: To establish a majority in the House of Representatives during the 1938 elections, a total of 218 seats was necessary.
Nationwide, the Republican Party received a higher percentage of the popular vote than the Democratic Party in the 1938 House elections.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the Republican Party made significant gains, the Democratic Party actually secured a slightly higher percentage of the nationwide popular vote in the 1938 House elections.
The popular vote nationwide indicated a significant swing towards the Democratic Party in the 1938 elections.
Answer: False
Explanation: The popular vote actually showed a notable swing *against* the Democratic Party in the 1938 elections, despite their retaining a plurality.
After the 1938 elections, the Democratic Party held 262 seats in the House of Representatives.
Answer: True
Explanation: This final seat count is accurate; the Democratic Party maintained its majority with 262 seats following the 1938 mid-term elections.
The Republican Party secured 169 seats in the House of Representatives after the 1938 elections.
Answer: True
Explanation: This figure accurately reflects the Republican Party's representation in the House of Representatives following the 1938 elections.
The elections in Maine were held later than the primary election date for most other states in 1938.
Answer: False
Explanation: The elections in Maine were held earlier, on September 12, 1938, preceding the primary election date for most other states.
What was the primary outcome regarding party control following the 1938 United States House of Representatives elections?
Answer: The Democratic Party lost seats but retained its majority in the House.
Explanation: The principal outcome was that the Democratic Party, despite experiencing considerable losses, managed to retain its majority control of the House of Representatives. The Republican Party made significant gains but did not achieve a majority.
What was the minimum number of seats required to form a majority in the House of Representatives during the 1938 elections?
Answer: 218 seats
Explanation: To establish a majority in the House of Representatives during the 1938 elections, a total of 218 seats was necessary.
The popular vote showed a significant shift against the Democrats, indicated by a swing of approximately how many percentage points?
Answer: 7.2%
Explanation: The popular vote demonstrated a substantial shift away from the Democratic Party, with an approximate swing of 7.23 percentage points against them nationwide.
How many seats did the Republican Party hold in the House of Representatives after the 1938 elections?
Answer: 169 seats
Explanation: Following the 1938 elections, the Republican Party's representation in the House of Representatives stood at 169 seats.
The 1938 elections in Maine were held on what date?
Answer: September 12, 1938
Explanation: The congressional elections in Maine for the 1938 cycle were conducted on September 12, 1938, preceding the general election date for most other states.
How many seats did the Democratic Party hold after the 1938 elections?
Answer: 262 seats
Explanation: Following the 1938 elections, the Democratic Party maintained its majority control of the House of Representatives with a total of 262 seats.
What was the total number of seats contested in the 1938 United States House of Representatives elections?
Answer: 435
Explanation: All 435 seats comprising the United States House of Representatives were subject to election in the 1938 mid-term cycle.
In the 1938 United States House of Representatives elections, the Democratic Party sustained a net loss of 72 seats to the Republican Party.
Answer: True
Explanation: This is correct. The 1938 mid-term elections marked a significant setback for the Democratic Party, characterized by a substantial net loss of 72 seats to the Republican Party.
The Republican Party achieved a net gain of 81 seats in the 1938 United States House of Representatives elections.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement is accurate. The Republican Party experienced a considerable resurgence, gaining 81 seats in the House of Representatives during the 1938 elections.
Leading up to the 1938 elections, the Republican Party had strategically shed weaker members and regrouped with strong new candidates.
Answer: True
Explanation: This strategic repositioning allowed the Republican Party to consolidate its base and present a more formidable challenge, contributing to their resurgence in the 1938 mid-term elections.
Outside the Southern United States, the Republican Party secured 50% of the popular vote in the 1938 elections.
Answer: True
Explanation: This regional performance metric indicates a strong showing for the Republican Party in non-Southern states, contributing to their overall gains and providing optimism for future elections.
The Progressive Party won 2 seats but lost 6 seats in the 1938 House elections.
Answer: True
Explanation: This accurately reflects the Progressive Party's performance in the 1938 elections, indicating a net loss of representation despite winning two seats.
The Farmer-Labor Party increased its representation in the House by winning 4 additional seats in 1938.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to this statement, the Farmer-Labor Party experienced a net loss of 4 seats in the 1938 House elections.
The American Labor Party gained 1 seat in the 1938 House elections, bringing their total representation to 1 seat.
Answer: True
Explanation: This accurately describes the American Labor Party's electoral outcome in 1938, marking a modest increase in their congressional presence.
The majority of the Democratic Party's seat losses in 1938 were concentrated in the Southern states.
Answer: False
Explanation: The data indicates that the majority of the Democratic Party's seat losses occurred in the Northern states, while the South largely maintained its role as a Democratic stronghold.
None of the Republican incumbents lost their reelection bids in the 1938 House elections.
Answer: True
Explanation: This is accurate. The 1938 elections saw no Republican incumbents in the House of Representatives lose their reelection campaigns.
Minor parties collectively won 4 seats in the 1938 House elections.
Answer: False
Explanation: Minor parties, including the Progressive, Farmer-Labor, and American Labor parties, collectively won a total of 3 seats in the 1938 House elections, not 4.
The Democratic seat losses in 1938 were concentrated in the North, while the South maintained its role as a Democratic base.
Answer: True
Explanation: This statement accurately characterizes the regional distribution of Democratic losses, highlighting the resilience of the party's base in the Southern states.
The Republican resurgence in 1938 provided the party with less optimism for the upcoming 1940 presidential election.
Answer: False
Explanation: Conversely, the significant Republican gains in 1938 fostered considerable optimism and strengthened the party's foundation for their presidential campaign in 1940.
How many seats did the Republican Party gain in the 1938 House elections?
Answer: 81 seats
Explanation: The Republican Party achieved a substantial net gain of 81 seats in the House of Representatives during the 1938 elections.
How had the Republican Party positioned itself leading up to the 1938 elections?
Answer: By shedding weaker members and regrouping with strong candidates.
Explanation: The Republican Party had undertaken a strategic consolidation, divesting itself of less viable candidates and focusing on strengthening its roster with more competitive individuals, which proved effective in 1938.
What percentage of the popular vote did the Republican Party achieve in areas outside the Southern United States during the 1938 elections?
Answer: 50%
Explanation: The Republican Party's achievement of 50% of the popular vote in non-Southern regions underscored the breadth of their electoral recovery.
Nationwide, what was the popular vote percentage for the Democratic Party in the 1938 House elections?
Answer: 48.7%
Explanation: The Democratic Party garnered 48.7% of the popular vote nationwide in the 1938 House elections, slightly ahead of the Republican Party.
Which minor party won 2 seats but lost 6 seats in the 1938 House elections?
Answer: Progressive Party
Explanation: The Progressive Party experienced a net reduction in its congressional representation, winning 2 seats while losing 6 from its previous total.
What was the net change in seats for the Farmer-Labor Party in the 1938 House elections?
Answer: Lost 4 seats
Explanation: The Farmer-Labor Party saw its representation diminish, suffering a net loss of 4 seats in the 1938 elections.
Where were the majority of the Democratic Party's seat losses concentrated in the 1938 elections?
Answer: The Northern states
Explanation: The data indicates that the majority of the Democratic Party's seat losses occurred in the Northern states, while the South largely maintained its role as a Democratic stronghold.
Which of the following statements about Republican incumbents in the 1938 elections is true?
Answer: No Republican incumbents lost their reelection bids.
Explanation: This is accurate. The 1938 elections saw no Republican incumbents in the House of Representatives lose their reelection campaigns, highlighting the strength of their incumbents.
What was the combined total number of seats won by minor parties (Progressive, Farmer-Labor, American Labor) in the 1938 House elections?
Answer: 3 seats
Explanation: Collectively, the Progressive Party, Farmer-Labor Party, and American Labor Party secured a total of 3 seats in the 1938 House elections.
What was the significance of the 1938 elections for the Republican Party's future?
Answer: It provided renewed optimism and a stronger base for the 1940 presidential election.
Explanation: The substantial Republican gains in 1938, particularly outside the traditional Southern Democratic base, significantly boosted party morale and provided a more robust foundation for their efforts in the 1940 presidential election.
What was the popular vote percentage for the Progressive Party nationwide in the 1938 elections?
Answer: 1.0%
Explanation: The Progressive Party garnered 1.0% of the total popular vote nationwide in the 1938 House elections.
What was the net change in seats for the Democratic Party in the 1938 House elections?
Answer: Lost 72 seats
Explanation: The Democratic Party experienced a significant net loss of 72 seats in the House of Representatives during the 1938 elections.
The Republican Party's success outside the South in 1938 was significant because it:
Answer: Provided optimism for the 1940 presidential election.
Explanation: The strong performance of the Republican Party in non-Southern states during the 1938 elections generated considerable optimism and provided a strengthened base for their presidential campaign in 1940.
What was the total popular vote percentage for the Farmer-Labor Party nationwide in the 1938 elections?
Answer: 0.9%
Explanation: The Farmer-Labor Party secured 0.9% of the total popular vote nationwide in the 1938 House elections.
The economic downturn known as the Recession of 1937 is recognized as a significant factor contributing to the Democratic Party's electoral losses in the 1938 House elections.
Answer: True
Explanation: Indeed, the Recession of 1937, which led to increased unemployment and economic hardship, undermined public confidence in the New Deal's effectiveness and contributed to a backlash against the incumbent Democratic Party.
President Roosevelt's 'Court Packing' plan was universally supported within the Democratic Party, leading to increased unity.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Court Packing' plan, officially the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937, generated significant internal division within the Democratic Party, rather than universal support and unity.
The rivalry between the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) over union membership did not significantly impact the 1938 elections.
Answer: False
Explanation: The intense rivalry between the AFL and CIO created divisions within the labor movement, a key constituency of the New Deal Coalition, and this fragmentation likely had a significant impact on the 1938 election outcomes.
Which economic event significantly undermined the Democratic Party's claims about the New Deal's success and contributed to their electoral losses in 1938?
Answer: The Recession of 1937
Explanation: The Recession of 1937, marked by rising unemployment, cast doubt on the efficacy of the New Deal policies and negatively impacted the Democratic Party's electoral standing.
Internal divisions within the Democratic Party, particularly concerning which policy, contributed to voter dissatisfaction in 1938?
Answer: The Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 ('Court Packing' plan)
Explanation: Disagreements and opposition to President Roosevelt's proposed Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937, commonly known as the 'Court Packing' plan, created significant internal friction within the Democratic Party.
The rivalry between which two labor organizations contributed to divisions within the New Deal Coalition during the 1938 election cycle?
Answer: The American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
Explanation: The persistent and often acrimonious rivalry between the AFL and the CIO fragmented the labor movement, a crucial component of the New Deal Coalition, thereby impacting the election's dynamics.
Which factor, besides economic downturn and internal party divisions, contributed to the Democratic Party's decline in the 1938 elections?
Answer: President Roosevelt's intervention in primary elections.
Explanation: President Roosevelt's active involvement in primary elections, attempting to unseat certain Democratic incumbents, alienated segments of the party and contributed to the overall decline.
Which of the following was NOT cited as a reason for the Democratic Party's decline in the 1938 elections?
Answer: A unified labor movement supporting Democratic candidates
Explanation: The data indicates that the labor movement was divided, not unified, between the AFL and CIO, which contributed to Democratic challenges, rather than supporting them.
In Kentucky's 8th congressional district, a special election resulted in a Republican hold.
Answer: False
Explanation: The special election in Kentucky's 8th congressional district resulted in a Democratic hold, not a Republican one.
George M. Grant won the special election for Alabama's 2nd congressional district.
Answer: True
Explanation: Yes, George M. Grant secured victory in the special election for Alabama's 2nd congressional district.
Walter H. Albaugh secured a Democratic gain in Ohio's 4th congressional district's special election.
Answer: False
Explanation: Walter H. Albaugh secured a *Republican* gain in Ohio's 4th congressional district's special election; it was not a Democratic gain.
William Bankhead was re-elected as Speaker of the House for the 76th Congress following the 1938 elections.
Answer: True
Explanation: Yes, William Bankhead, who served as Speaker prior to the elections, was indeed re-elected to the position for the 76th Congress.
Vito Marcantonio won a seat for the Republican Party in New York's 20th congressional district.
Answer: False
Explanation: Vito Marcantonio won the seat in New York's 20th congressional district, but he represented the American Labor Party, not the Republican Party.
Frederick Van Ness Bradley won the seat in Michigan's 11th congressional district for the Democratic Party.
Answer: False
Explanation: Frederick Van Ness Bradley secured the seat in Michigan's 11th congressional district, but he did so as a Republican, not a Democrat.
The Republican Party gained a seat in Minnesota's 3rd congressional district from the incumbent Henry Teigan.
Answer: True
Explanation: This is accurate; the Republican Party successfully took the seat in Minnesota's 3rd congressional district, displacing the incumbent Henry Teigan of the Farmer-Labor Party.
Which of the following was a prominent Republican figure who gained prominence around the 1938 elections?
Answer: Robert A. Taft
Explanation: Robert A. Taft of Ohio emerged as a significant figure within the Republican Party during this period, contributing to the party's resurgence.
In which congressional district did the American Labor Party gain a seat in the 1938 House elections?
Answer: New York's 20th
Explanation: The American Labor Party successfully secured a seat in New York's 20th congressional district during the 1938 elections.
In the special election for Kentucky's 8th congressional district, which party successfully held the seat?
Answer: Democratic
Explanation: The special election in Kentucky's 8th congressional district resulted in a Democratic hold, with Joe B. Bates winning the seat after the incumbent's resignation.
Who served as the Speaker of the House before the 1938 elections and was subsequently re-elected?
Answer: William Bankhead
Explanation: William Bankhead held the position of Speaker of the House prior to the 1938 elections and was successfully re-elected to the role for the 76th Congress.
In California's 8th congressional district, the incumbent John J. McGrath lost his seat to which party?
Answer: Republican Party
Explanation: The incumbent, John J. McGrath (Democratic), was defeated by a Republican candidate in California's 8th congressional district.
The incumbent Herman P. Kopplemann lost his re-election in Connecticut's 1st congressional district to a candidate from which party?
Answer: Republican Party
Explanation: Herman P. Kopplemann, the incumbent Democrat in Connecticut's 1st congressional district, was unseated by a Republican challenger.
Which party gained seats in Minnesota's 3rd congressional district from the incumbent Henry Teigan?
Answer: Republican Party
Explanation: The Republican Party successfully gained the seat in Minnesota's 3rd congressional district, displacing the incumbent Henry Teigan of the Farmer-Labor Party.
Which of the following states experienced notable Republican gains in the 1938 House elections?
Answer: Ohio
Explanation: Ohio was among the states where the Republican Party achieved notable gains in the 1938 House elections, reflecting a broader national trend.
The Republican Party gained a seat in Ohio's 4th congressional district during a special election. What was the reason for the vacancy?
Answer: The incumbent resigned.
Explanation: The seat in Ohio's 4th congressional district became vacant due to the incumbent's resignation, leading to a special election in which the Republican Party gained the seat.
The 1938 United States House of Representatives elections occurred during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term in office.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1938 elections took place during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's second term, specifically in the mid-term of his presidency.
President Roosevelt's attempt to purge conservative Democrats from their seats in primary elections ultimately strengthened the party's electoral prospects.
Answer: False
Explanation: On the contrary, President Roosevelt's intervention in primary elections to target conservative Democrats engendered considerable backlash and resentment within his own party, negatively impacting electoral prospects.
President Roosevelt's 'Court Packing' plan was officially known as the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937.
Answer: True
Explanation: This is the correct official designation for the controversial legislative proposal commonly referred to as the 'Court Packing' plan.
The 1938 United States House of Representatives elections occurred during which period of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency?
Answer: His second term, reflecting a mid-term backlash.
Explanation: These elections took place in the mid-term of President Roosevelt's second term, a period often characterized by voter sentiment shifts away from the incumbent party.
President Roosevelt's attempt to influence primary elections by targeting certain Democrats primarily resulted in:
Answer: Angering party members and contributing to a backlash.
Explanation: Roosevelt's intervention in primary elections, aimed at removing conservative Democrats, generated significant internal party dissent and contributed to a broader electoral backlash against the administration.
Which of the following senators was NOT successfully targeted by President Roosevelt in the 1938 primary elections?
Answer: John J. O'Connor of New York
Explanation: While President Roosevelt actively campaigned against Senators Walter F. George, Millard Tydings, and Ellison Smith, John J. O'Connor, also targeted, was the only one of these prominent figures to be successfully defeated in his primary.
The 1938 House elections occurred in the middle of which presidential term?
Answer: Second term of Franklin D. Roosevelt
Explanation: These mid-term elections took place during the middle of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's second term in office.
Which of the following accurately describes the outcome for Senator Walter F. George of Georgia in the 1938 primaries?
Answer: He was re-elected despite President Roosevelt's opposition.
Explanation: Senator Walter F. George successfully withstood President Roosevelt's efforts to unseat him in the 1938 Georgia primary, demonstrating considerable political resilience.