Enter a player name to begin or load your saved progress.
The coordinated terrorist attacks in Casablanca in 2003 are commonly referred to as 'May 16,' signifying the date on which they occurred.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source material confirms that the 2003 Casablanca bombings are commonly known by the date they occurred, May 16.
The 2003 Casablanca bombings were primarily characterized by a series of car bombings targeting government buildings.
Answer: False
Explanation: The attacks were a series of coordinated suicide bombings carried out by individuals using propane bombs hidden in backpacks, not car bombs.
The bombings in Casablanca occurred in the early morning hours of May 16, 2003.
Answer: False
Explanation: The bombings took place in the evening, between 9:45 PM and 10:15 PM UTC+1 on May 16, 2003.
The primary targets of the 2003 Casablanca bombings were exclusively Moroccan government officials and military installations.
Answer: False
Explanation: The targets primarily involved civilian locations associated with Moroccan Jews and European tourists, including restaurants, a hotel, and Jewish community sites.
The perpetrators of the 2003 Casablanca bombings used firearms and conventional explosives to carry out their attacks.
Answer: False
Explanation: The attackers used propane bombs concealed in backpacks as their primary weapons.
By what common name are the 2003 Casablanca bombings known?
Answer: May 16
Explanation: The source material indicates that the 2003 Casablanca bombings are commonly known as 'May 16,' the date on which the attacks took place.
What was the primary characteristic of the 2003 Casablanca bombings?
Answer: A series of coordinated suicide bombings
Explanation: The attacks were defined as a series of coordinated suicide bombings carried out by multiple individuals at several locations.
When did the 2003 Casablanca bombings take place?
Answer: May 16, 2003, between 9:45 PM and 10:15 PM UTC+1
Explanation: The bombings occurred on the evening of May 16, 2003, specifically between 9:45 PM and 10:15 PM local time (UTC+1).
Which of the following was NOT a specific target of the 2003 Casablanca bombings?
Answer: The Royal Palace
Explanation: The targets included the Casa de España, the Hotel Farah, and the Jewish Alliance, but not the Royal Palace.
What type of weapons did the perpetrators use in the 2003 Casablanca bombings?
Answer: Propane bombs hidden in backpacks
Explanation: The source specifies that the attackers used propane bombs that were concealed in backpacks.
The primary motives behind the 2003 Casablanca bombings included Islamic extremism, antisemitism, and anti-Western sentiment.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source identifies Islamic extremism, antisemitism, and anti-Western sentiment as the principal motivations for the attacks.
Prior to the 2003 bombings, radical Islamist violence was a common occurrence in modern Moroccan history.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that radical Islamist violence was relatively unprecedented in modern Moroccan history before 2003, with only rare exceptions.
The Soviet-Afghan War provided an opportunity for Moroccan radical Islamists to participate in what they considered a holy war.
Answer: True
Explanation: The conflict in Afghanistan allowed Moroccan radical Islamists to join the Afghan Mujahideen, which they perceived as a holy war, gaining combat experience and ideological reinforcement.
In 1996, Osama bin Laden tasked Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi with creating a federation of jihadist movements in the Maghreb.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Osama bin Laden directed Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi to establish a federation of jihadist movements loyal to al-Qaeda in the Maghreb region.
The Moroccan Islamic Movement (HASM) was formed directly by al-Qaeda to expand its operations into Morocco.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Moroccan Islamic Movement (HASM) was created by the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG) as part of its expansion efforts, not directly by al-Qaeda.
The 1994 Marrakesh attack led to the closure of the border with Algeria after Moroccan authorities blamed the Algerian intelligence service (DRS).
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the 1994 attack in Marrakesh, Moroccan authorities held the Algerian DRS responsible, which resulted in the closure of the border between the two nations.
By early 2001, the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM) was established as al-Qaeda's official affiliate in Morocco.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that by early 2001, the GICM was designated as al-Qaeda's official relay, or affiliate, in Morocco.
Youssef Fikri's Salafia Jihadia group was primarily involved in political activism and peaceful protests.
Answer: False
Explanation: Youssef Fikri's group, known as Salafia Jihadia, engaged in a violent crime spree that included murders, assaults, carjackings, and robberies.
Which of the following was a primary motive behind the 2003 Casablanca bombings?
Answer: Islamic extremism, antisemitism, and anti-Western sentiment
Explanation: The source identifies the primary motives as a combination of Islamic extremism, antisemitism, and anti-Western sentiment.
What was the historical context of radical Islamist violence in modern Moroccan history prior to the 2003 bombings?
Answer: It was relatively unprecedented, with rare exceptions.
Explanation: Prior to 2003, radical Islamist violence was not common in modern Morocco, with only rare instances, due in part to government crackdowns.
How did the Soviet-Afghan War contribute to the rise of radical Islamists in Morocco?
Answer: It provided an opportunity for Moroccans to participate in perceived holy war.
Explanation: The war allowed Moroccan radical Islamists to travel to Afghanistan and fight for the Mujahideen, which they considered a holy war, thereby gaining experience and reinforcing their extremist views.
What was Osama bin Laden's directive to Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi in 1996 regarding jihadist movements in the Maghreb?
Answer: To create a federation of jihadist movements loyal to al-Qaeda.
Explanation: In 1996, Osama bin Laden instructed Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi to form a federation of jihadist groups in the Maghreb that would be loyal to al-Qaeda.
How did the Moroccan Islamic Movement (HASM) transform into the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM)?
Answer: It was created by the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG) and transformed in 1997.
Explanation: The Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG) first created HASM to expand into Morocco. In 1997, HASM evolved into the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM).
What was a significant consequence of the 1994 Marrakesh attack?
Answer: Borders with Algeria were closed after Moroccan authorities blamed the DRS.
Explanation: A major diplomatic fallout from the 1994 Marrakesh attack was the closure of the Morocco-Algeria border after Moroccan authorities accused the Algerian intelligence service (DRS) of involvement.
By early 2001, what was the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM)'s established role in relation to al-Qaeda?
Answer: It was designated as al-Qaeda's official relay in Morocco.
Explanation: Following an order from Osama bin Laden to transfer high-ranking Moroccan members, the GICM was established as al-Qaeda's official affiliate, or relay, in Morocco by early 2001.
What kind of activities did Youssef Fikri's Salafia Jihadia group primarily engage in?
Answer: Perpetrating a crime spree involving murders, assaults, and robberies.
Explanation: Youssef Fikri's group, known as 'the emir of blood,' was responsible for a violent crime spree that included numerous murders, assaults, and robberies.
The attacks were carried out by twelve suicide bombers loyal to the Salafia Jihadia organization and were later claimed by al-Qaeda.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that twelve suicide bombers from the Salafia Jihadia organization conducted the attacks, which were subsequently claimed by al-Qaeda.
The initial commando for the Casablanca bombings consisted of fifteen individuals, with three abandoning their plans.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states the initial commando comprised fifteen individuals. Three of them abandoned the mission on the spot and were later arrested.
Zakaria Miloudi was a radical preacher who led a subsect named as-Sirat al-Mustaqim and issued fatwas.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source identifies Zakaria Miloudi as a radical preacher and 'spiritual guide' of the as-Sirat al-Mustaqim subsect, known for issuing religious edicts (fatwas).
The suicide bombers involved in the 2003 Casablanca attacks were mostly highly educated individuals from affluent backgrounds.
Answer: False
Explanation: The bombers were typically low-paid laborers or unemployed individuals from the Sidi Moumen slums, many of whom had not pursued higher education.
Mohamed Omari, a night guard, became radicalized after meeting preacher Zakaria Miloudi and subsequently formed a terror cell.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Mohamed Omari, a night guard, was radicalized through his association with preacher Zakaria Miloudi and went on to form a terror cell in local mosques.
Abdelhak Bentassir, a shoemaker, became the 'national emir' of the terror cell and organized an allegiance ceremony for the suicide bombers.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Abdelhak Bentassir, a shoemaker, assumed the title of 'national emir' and led a ceremony where suicide bombers pledged their allegiance to him.
The terror cell obtained bomb-making instructions from a foreign contact who directly supplied them with explosives.
Answer: False
Explanation: The cell found English instructions in a cybercafé, which were then translated and detailed by 'higher-ups.' They produced the explosives themselves using purchased materials.
The initial attack plan for May 9 was postponed to May 16 because of a security leak discovered by the authorities.
Answer: False
Explanation: The attack was postponed because a scout recognized someone at the target location, which the cell leader believed compromised the 'jihad' dimension of the operation by introducing a personal motive of vengeance.
The suicide bombers underwent psychological conditioning by watching propaganda films with themes such as 'the last voyage' and 'Heaven or Hell'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that the bombers were subjected to 'psychological conditioning' through lectures and propaganda films with titles like 'the last voyage' and 'Heaven or Hell'.
Which organization was primarily responsible for carrying out the 2003 Casablanca bombings?
Answer: Salafia Jihadia
Explanation: The twelve suicide bombers who carried out the attacks were loyal to the Salafia Jihadia organization.
How many individuals from the initial commando for the 2003 Casablanca bombings abandoned their plans and were subsequently arrested?
Answer: Three
Explanation: The initial commando consisted of fifteen individuals. Three of them abandoned their plans on the spot and were later arrested.
Who was Zakaria Miloudi, and what was his primary role?
Answer: A radical preacher and 'spiritual guide' who issued fatwas.
Explanation: Zakaria Miloudi was a radical preacher who led a subsect of Takfir wal-Hijra, proclaimed himself a 'spiritual guide,' and issued religious edicts (fatwas) that incited violence.
What was the typical socioeconomic background of the suicide bombers involved in the 2003 Casablanca attacks?
Answer: Low-paid laborers or unemployed individuals from slums.
Explanation: The bombers were all from the Sidi Moumen slums and were typically young, with little higher education, working as low-paid laborers or being unemployed.
How did Mohamed Omari become radicalized and form a terror cell?
Answer: He met preacher Zakaria Miloudi and attended his lectures, then formed a cell in local mosques.
Explanation: Mohamed Omari, initially a member of a pacifist group, was radicalized after meeting and attending the lectures of preacher Zakaria Miloudi. He then proceeded to form his own terror cell.
Who was Abdelhak Bentassir, and what was his role in the terror cell?
Answer: The 'national emir' who organized an allegiance ceremony for suicide bombers.
Explanation: Abdelhak Bentassir, a shoemaker, proclaimed himself the 'national emir' of the terror cell and led a ceremony where the bombers pledged allegiance to him.
How did the Casablanca terror cell primarily obtain bomb-making instructions?
Answer: They found English instructions in a cybercafé, which were then translated and detailed by 'higher-ups'.
Explanation: The cell members found bomb-making instructions in English at a cybercafé. These were translated and later supplemented with a detailed manual from senior figures in the organization.
Why was the initial attack plan for May 9 postponed to May 16?
Answer: Because one of the scouts recognized someone who had swindled his brother, compromising the 'jihad' dimension.
Explanation: The attack was postponed after a scout recognized a personal enemy at a target location. The cell leader felt this introduced a motive of personal vengeance, which 'emptied the operation of its dimension of jihad'.
What kind of psychological conditioning did the suicide bombers undergo before the attacks?
Answer: Lectures and propaganda films with themes like 'the last voyage' and 'Heaven or Hell'.
Explanation: The bombers underwent psychological conditioning that involved watching lectures and propaganda films with suggestive titles like 'the last voyage' and 'Heaven or Hell'.
At the Casa de España, all four suicide bombers successfully detonated their devices inside the restaurant, killing 22 people.
Answer: False
Explanation: Only two bombers detonated their devices inside the restaurant. A third bomber fled and blew himself up while being tackled by police.
At the Hotel Farah, Mohamed Omari successfully detonated his vest in the hotel bar, killing two security personnel.
Answer: False
Explanation: Abdelfattah Boulikdane, not Mohamed Omari, detonated his vest in the hotel bar. Omari was tackled and later arrested.
Mostafa Tahiri, a hotel employee, was blinded during the Hotel Farah attack.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mostafa Tahiri was a taxi driver who helped tackle one of the bombers, Mohamed Omari. A hotel employee was blinded, but it was not Tahiri.
Hassan Taoussi abandoned his mission to attack the Hotel Farah and was later arrested while attempting to cross the Algeria–Morocco border.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Hassan Taoussi abandoned the terror group, disposed of his bomb, and was later apprehended trying to cross the border into Algeria.
At the Jewish Cemetery, Abderrahim Belcaïd detonated his vest, killing three teenagers, while his accomplice also detonated his bomb nearby.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Abderrahim Belcaïd did kill three teenagers when he detonated his vest, his accomplice, Rachid Jalil, dropped his bomb backpack and walked away without detonating it.
What happened to Mohamed El Arbaoui, one of the Casa de España bombers, during the attack?
Answer: He sprinted away and blew himself up while being tackled by police.
Explanation: After two other bombers detonated their devices inside the restaurant, Mohamed El Arbaoui fled but was tackled by police, at which point he detonated his bomb.
Who detonated his vest in the Hotel Farah bar, killing a security guard and a porter?
Answer: Abdelfattah Boulikdane
Explanation: Abdelfattah Boulikdane was the bomber who rushed into the Hotel Farah bar and detonated his vest, killing two employees.
What was Mostafa Tahiri's role during the Hotel Farah attack?
Answer: He was a taxi driver who helped tackle Mohamed Omari.
Explanation: Mostafa Tahiri was a taxi driver who assisted hotel employees in tackling the bomber Mohamed Omari as he tried to flee.
Why did Hassan Taoussi abandon his mission to attack the Hotel Farah?
Answer: He had a change of heart and decided to abandon the mission.
Explanation: The source indicates that Hassan Taoussi abandoned the terror group while they were en route to the hotel, suggesting a change of heart.
What happened to Rachid Jalil, who accompanied Abderrahim Belcaïd to the Jewish Cemetery?
Answer: He dropped his bomb backpack and walked away.
Explanation: After Belcaïd detonated his vest, Rachid Jalil dropped his own bomb-filled backpack between two cars and left the scene without detonating it.
A total of 33 civilians died in the 2003 Casablanca bombings, with over 100 individuals injured.
Answer: True
Explanation: The attacks resulted in 33 civilian fatalities and at least 100 injuries, in addition to the 12 suicide bombers who also died.
The majority of the victims in the 2003 Casablanca bombings were European tourists.
Answer: False
Explanation: The majority of the 33 victims were Moroccan citizens (25), although there were also nine European victims.
Despite the terrorists' intentions, no Jewish victims died in the 2003 Casablanca bombings because the Jewish Alliance building was closed for Shabbat.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that although Jewish sites were targeted, no Jewish victims were killed, primarily because the Jewish Alliance building was closed and empty for Shabbat.
Abdellatif Beggar, a former Raja AC footballer, was a notable Moroccan victim of the bombings.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source identifies former Raja AC footballer Abdellatif Beggar as one of the notable Moroccan victims who died at the Casa de España.
What was the total number of fatalities, including the attackers, in the 2003 Casablanca bombings?
Answer: 45
Explanation: The total death toll was 45, which includes 33 civilian victims and the 12 suicide bombers.
What was the nationality breakdown of the victims in the 2003 Casablanca bombings?
Answer: Mostly Moroccan, with some European citizens.
Explanation: The majority of the 33 victims were Moroccan (25), with the remainder being European citizens (4 Spanish, 4 French, 1 Italian).
Why were there no Jewish victims in the 2003 Casablanca bombings, despite the terrorists' intentions?
Answer: The attacks occurred during Shabbat, when the Jewish Alliance building was closed and empty.
Explanation: Although Jewish sites were targeted, no Jewish people were killed because the attacks took place during Shabbat, meaning the Jewish Alliance building was closed and unoccupied.
Abdelhak Bentassir, the ringleader of the terrorist cell, was successfully apprehended and sentenced to life in prison after the bombings.
Answer: False
Explanation: Abdelhak Bentassir, the cell's ringleader, died in police custody under circumstances that remain unclear.
Yassine Lahnech planned future attacks in cities like Tangier, Essaouira, Marrakesh, and Agadir, each given a derogatory label.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source details Yassine Lahnech's plans for a 'sequel' to the May 16 attacks, targeting several Moroccan cities which he labeled with derogatory descriptions.
Over 5,000 suspects were arrested and approximately 11,000 people were questioned in connection with radical Islamist circles during the investigation.
Answer: True
Explanation: The investigation was extensive, leading to the arrest of more than 5,200 suspects and the questioning of around 11,000 individuals linked to radical Islamist circles.
All twelve suicide bombers were identified using DNA testing due to the severe state of their remains.
Answer: False
Explanation: Seven of the bombers were identified using fingerprint records, while the remaining five were identified through DNA testing.
The judicial purge against Salafia Jihadia resulted in over 2,000 indictments and 13 death sentences.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that the judicial purge led to 2,112 indictments against extremists, which resulted in 903 convictions and 13 death sentences.
The surviving suicide bombers were sentenced to life in prison in the main trial.
Answer: False
Explanation: The surviving suicide bombers (Mohamed Omari, Rachid Jalil, and Hassan Taoussi) were sentenced to death, not life in prison.
Radical preacher Zakaria Miloudi received a thirty-year sentence for his ideological influence on the attackers.
Answer: False
Explanation: Zakaria Miloudi was sentenced to life in prison for his role in ideologically influencing the attackers.
What was the fate of Abdelhak Bentassir, the ringleader of the terrorist cell, after the bombings?
Answer: He died in police custody under unclear circumstances.
Explanation: After being interrogated by authorities, Abdelhak Bentassir died in police custody. The official cause of death was disputed by his family.
Which of the following cities was NOT part of Yassine Lahnech's plan for future attacks following May 16?
Answer: Rabat
Explanation: Yassine Lahnech's plans for subsequent attacks targeted Tangier, Essaouira, Marrakesh, and Agadir, but not Rabat.
Which Moroccan agency was NOT mentioned as leading the investigation into the 2003 Casablanca bombings?
Answer: Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Explanation: The investigation was led by the BNPJ, the Royal Gendarmerie, and the DST. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs was not mentioned as a leading investigative body.
How many suspects were arrested in connection with radical Islamist circles during the investigation into the bombings?
Answer: More than 5,200
Explanation: The source states that the extensive investigation led to the arrest of more than 5,200 suspects from radical Islamist circles.
How were the suicide bombers identified after the attacks, given the state of their remains?
Answer: Seven were identified by fingerprints, and five by DNA testing.
Explanation: Due to the condition of the remains, identification was achieved through a combination of methods: seven were identified via fingerprint records and the other five through DNA testing.
How many death sentences resulted from the judicial purge against Salafia Jihadia following the bombings?
Answer: 13
Explanation: The judicial purge against Salafia Jihadia resulted in 2,112 indictments, which led to 903 convictions, including 13 death sentences.
What was the verdict for the surviving suicide bombers in the main trial on August 19, 2003?
Answer: Death sentence
Explanation: The court delivered its verdict on August 19, 2003, sentencing the surviving suicide bombers (Mohamed Omari, Rachid Jalil, Hassan Taoussi) and Yassine Lahnech to death.
What was the sentence for radical preacher Zakaria Miloudi for his ideological influence on the attackers?
Answer: Life in prison
Explanation: For his ideological influence on the attackers, radical preacher Zakaria Miloudi was sentenced to life in prison.
The Moroccan government responded to the bombings by immediately signing a stringent counter-terrorism bill, which was compared to the U.S. Patriot Act.
Answer: True
Explanation: In the immediate aftermath of the attacks, the Moroccan government enacted a tough counter-terrorism bill that drew comparisons to the U.S. Patriot Act.
A government initiative to combat the poor conditions in slums was announced in the same year as the 2003 Casablanca bombings.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Cities without slums' initiative was launched in 2004, the year following the bombings, which had highlighted the deplorable state of the shantytowns.
King Mohammed VI's public response to the bombings included a warning of 'stiff consequences' for those who harmed state security.
Answer: True
Explanation: In a public speech, King Mohammed VI condemned the attacks and warned of 'stiff consequences' for anyone who threatened the security of the state.
The 2003 Casablanca bombings led to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security raising its terror threat level to Red, the highest level.
Answer: False
Explanation: The U.S. Department of Homeland Security raised its terror threat level to Orange (High), not Red (Severe), following the Casablanca and Riyadh bombings.
The 'Cities without slums' initiative was launched in 2003, immediately after the bombings.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Cities without slums' initiative was launched in 2004, the year after the bombings took place.
Nine prisoners involved in the 2003 Casablanca attacks escaped from Kenitra central prison in 2008 by digging a tunnel.
Answer: True
Explanation: In April 2008, nine prisoners imprisoned for their roles in the attacks escaped from Kenitra central prison via a 22-meter long tunnel.
As a sign of reconciliation, King Mohammed VI pardoned several radical preachers, including Mohamed Fizazi, who had been imprisoned after the bombings.
Answer: True
Explanation: King Mohammed VI pardoned several radical preachers, including Mohamed Fizazi, and later attended Friday prayers led by Fizazi as a gesture of reconciliation.
The 'Moussalaha' program was a government initiative launched in 2017 to provide financial compensation to terror victims.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Moussalaha' (reconciliation) program was a rehabilitation initiative for prisoners sentenced on terror charges, making them eligible for a royal pardon.
The 2012 film 'Horses of God' is a documentary detailing the investigation into the 2003 Casablanca bombings.
Answer: False
Explanation: 'Horses of God' is a semi-fictional film about the bombers, not a documentary about the investigation.
What immediate legislative action did the Moroccan government take following the 2003 Casablanca bombings?
Answer: It signed a tough counter-terrorism bill, compared to the Patriot Act.
Explanation: In the immediate aftermath, the Moroccan government signed a stringent counter-terrorism bill that was compared to the U.S. Patriot Act.
How did the 2003 Casablanca bombings impact the Moroccan government's focus on social issues?
Answer: It highlighted the deplorable state of shantytowns, leading to a government initiative the following year.
Explanation: The fact that the bombers came from slums brought national attention to their poor conditions, prompting the government to announce the 'Cities without slums' initiative in 2004.
What was King Mohammed VI's public response to the Casablanca bombings?
Answer: He warned of 'stiff consequences' and condemned the perpetrators as 'despicable villains'.
Explanation: King Mohammed VI delivered a speech in which he condemned the attackers as 'despicable villains' and warned of 'stiff consequences' for anyone threatening state security.
What was the impact of the 2003 Casablanca bombings on the U.S. terror threat level?
Answer: It was raised to Orange.
Explanation: Following the Casablanca and Riyadh bombings, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security raised its terror threat level to Orange, indicating a high risk of terrorist attacks.
When was the 'Cities without slums' initiative launched?
Answer: 2004
Explanation: The 'Cities without slums' initiative was launched in 2004, the year after the bombings highlighted the poor conditions in Morocco's shantytowns.
What significant event related to the 2003 Casablanca bombings occurred at Kenitra central prison in 2008?
Answer: Nine prisoners escaped by digging a 22-meter long tunnel.
Explanation: In April 2008, nine prisoners who had been jailed for their roles in the 2003 attacks escaped from Kenitra central prison by digging a long tunnel.
How did King Mohammed VI demonstrate reconciliation with imprisoned radical preachers after the bombings?
Answer: He pardoned several of them and later attended Friday prayers led by one.
Explanation: As a gesture of reconciliation, King Mohammed VI pardoned several imprisoned radical preachers and, in 2014, attended Friday prayers led by one of them, Mohamed Fizazi.
What was the purpose of the 'Moussalaha' program launched in 2017?
Answer: To rehabilitate and offer royal pardons to prisoners sentenced on terror charges.
Explanation: The 'Moussalaha' (reconciliation) program was a government initiative to rehabilitate prisoners convicted of terrorism, making them eligible for a royal pardon upon completion.
What type of film was 'Horses of God', which depicted the 2003 Casablanca bombers?
Answer: A semi-fictional film
Explanation: The 2012 film 'Horses of God,' which was about the bombers, is described as a semi-fictional film.