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The 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was officially designated as the 21st biennial summit for the leaders of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Answer: True
Explanation: The meeting was indeed the 21st CHOGM, a biennial summit for leaders of the Commonwealth of Nations.
The 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was hosted by Australia.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 2009 CHOGM was hosted by Trinidad and Tobago. Australia would later host the 2011 meeting in Perth.
The 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting took place over a period of three days in late November.
Answer: True
Explanation: The summit was held from November 27 to November 29, 2009, spanning three days.
The main venue for the 2009 CHOGM was the National Convention Centre in Port of Spain.
Answer: False
Explanation: The main venue was the Hyatt Regency and Conference Centre in Port of Spain.
All 52 Commonwealth member countries participated in the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.
Answer: False
Explanation: Of the 52 total members at the time, 49 countries participated in the meeting.
A total of 34 Heads of State or Government were present at the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.
Answer: True
Explanation: The meeting was attended by 34 Heads of State or Government.
The Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, Patrick Manning, chaired the 2009 CHOGM.
Answer: True
Explanation: As the leader of the host nation, Prime Minister Patrick Manning of Trinidad and Tobago served as the Chair for the summit.
The 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was immediately followed by the 2007 event.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 2007 CHOGM preceded the 2009 event, as the summits are held biennially.
What was the official designation of the 2009 Commonwealth meeting?
Answer: The 21st Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM)
Explanation: The 2009 summit was the 21st in the series of biennial meetings for the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Which country hosted the 21st Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 2009?
Answer: Trinidad and Tobago
Explanation: The meeting was held in Port of Spain, the capital of the host nation, Trinidad and Tobago.
Between which dates did the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting take place?
Answer: November 27 and November 29, 2009
Explanation: The summit took place over three days, from November 27 to November 29, 2009.
In which city was the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting primarily held?
Answer: Port of Spain
Explanation: The host city for the 2009 CHOGM was Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
What was the main venue for the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?
Answer: The Hyatt Regency and Conference Centre
Explanation: The Hyatt Regency and Conference Centre in Port of Spain served as the primary venue for the summit.
How many member countries participated in the 2009 CHOGM out of the total Commonwealth members at that time?
Answer: 49 out of 52
Explanation: At the time of the meeting, the Commonwealth had 52 members, 49 of which participated in the summit.
Who held the position of Chair for the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?
Answer: The Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
Explanation: The Prime Minister of the host nation, Patrick Manning of Trinidad and Tobago, served as the Chair-in-Office for the meeting.
Which Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting immediately preceded the 2009 event?
Answer: The 2007 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
Explanation: As the summits are biennial, the 2009 meeting was preceded by the 2007 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.
Key discussion points at the 2009 CHOGM included global warming, membership criteria, and gay rights.
Answer: True
Explanation: The agenda for the 2009 CHOGM featured several key topics, including global warming, Commonwealth membership criteria, and gay rights.
The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG) was weakened during the 2009 CHOGM by limiting its investigative scope.
Answer: False
Explanation: On the contrary, the CMAG was reconstituted and strengthened, with its mandate expanded to investigate a wider range of offenses.
The CMAG's mandate was expanded to include all breaches of the Harare Declaration, not just the overthrow of democratic governments.
Answer: True
Explanation: The strengthening of the CMAG involved broadening its scope to include all breaches of the Harare Declaration, which outlines the Commonwealth's core principles.
The issue of global warming was a minor point of discussion at the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.
Answer: False
Explanation: Global warming was the predominant issue that dominated discussions at the 2009 CHOGM.
The 2009 CHOGM was held after the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 2009 CHOGM was strategically held just before the Copenhagen conference, aiming to build consensus and influence the global climate discussions.
Participating countries at the 2009 CHOGM agreed to establish a £6 billion-a-year climate change fund.
Answer: True
Explanation: A key outcome of the climate discussions was an agreement to establish a climate change fund valued at £6 billion per year.
The climate change fund established at the 2009 CHOGM was intended to support developed countries in their climate initiatives.
Answer: False
Explanation: The fund was intended to support developing countries by promoting low-carbon emission development and adaptation strategies.
The climate change initiative agreed upon at the 2009 CHOGM was to be funded solely by developed Commonwealth members.
Answer: False
Explanation: The fund was to be financed by developed Commonwealth members and France, a non-Commonwealth nation.
What significant change was made to the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG) during the 2009 CHOGM?
Answer: It was reconstituted and strengthened, expanding its investigative scope.
Explanation: A significant outcome of the 2009 CHOGM was the decision to reconstitute and strengthen the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG), expanding its mandate.
The expansion of CMAG's mandate broadened its scope of investigation to include what?
Answer: All breaches of the Harare Declaration.
Explanation: The CMAG's mandate was broadened from investigating only the overthrow of democratic governments to include all breaches of the Harare Declaration, which covers core Commonwealth values.
What was the predominant issue that dominated the discussions at the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?
Answer: Global warming
Explanation: Discussions at the 2009 CHOGM were predominantly focused on the issue of global warming.
What was the temporal relationship between the 2009 CHOGM and the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen?
Answer: The CHOGM was held just before the Copenhagen conference.
Explanation: The CHOGM was strategically timed to occur just before the major United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, allowing Commonwealth leaders to coordinate their positions.
What financial commitment was agreed upon by participating countries at the 2009 CHOGM regarding climate change?
Answer: A £6 billion-a-year climate change fund
Explanation: The participating countries agreed to establish a climate change fund valued at £6 billion per year to support developing nations.
What was the intended purpose of the climate change fund established at the 2009 CHOGM?
Answer: To promote low-carbon emission development and adaptation in developing countries.
Explanation: The fund was created to assist developing countries in their efforts to promote low-carbon emission development and adapt to the impacts of climate change.
The 2009 CHOGM was the first opportunity for countries to join the Commonwealth after new membership criteria were established in 2007.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2007 CHOGM established new membership criteria, making the 2009 summit the first occasion for countries to apply and be accepted under these new rules.
The Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) recommended Rwanda's admission to the Commonwealth based on its strong governance record.
Answer: False
Explanation: The CHRI found that Rwanda's governance and human rights record did not satisfy Commonwealth standards and concluded that it did not qualify for admission.
The CHRI expressed concern that admitting Rwanda would tarnish the Commonwealth's reputation regarding democracy and human rights.
Answer: True
Explanation: The CHRI warned that admitting a state that did not meet its standards would damage the Commonwealth's reputation and suggest a lack of genuine commitment to democracy and human rights.
Despite CHRI's concerns, the Heads of Government at the 2009 CHOGM decided to accept Rwanda as a member.
Answer: True
Explanation: Notwithstanding the significant concerns raised by the CHRI, the Commonwealth Heads of Government ultimately agreed to admit Rwanda as a member.
Rwanda became the 53rd member of the Commonwealth after its admission in 2009.
Answer: False
Explanation: Upon its admission in 2009, Rwanda became the 54th member of the Commonwealth.
Rwanda was the first Commonwealth member without a direct constitutional tie to an existing member.
Answer: False
Explanation: Rwanda was the second member, after Mozambique, to be admitted without having a direct constitutional tie to an existing member state.
Algeria, Madagascar, Sudan, and Yemen had their applications for Commonwealth membership considered and rejected at the 2009 CHOGM.
Answer: False
Explanation: While these countries were expected to submit applications, their cases were not considered at the 2009 CHOGM.
Since Rwanda joined the Commonwealth, various organizations have reported an improvement in its human rights and democracy protections.
Answer: False
Explanation: Since Rwanda's admission, organizations including the CHRI, Human Rights Watch, and Freedom House have reported a decline in the protection of democracy and human rights in the country.
What made the 2009 CHOGM significant for potential new Commonwealth members?
Answer: It was the first opportunity for countries to accede after new membership criteria were established in 2007.
Explanation: The 2009 CHOGM was the first summit where countries could be admitted under the new membership criteria that had been established at the 2007 meeting.
What were the key findings of the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) regarding Rwanda's suitability for membership?
Answer: Rwanda's governance and human rights did not satisfy Commonwealth standards, and it did not qualify for admission.
Explanation: The CHRI's report concluded that Rwanda's record on governance and human rights did not meet Commonwealth standards, and therefore, it did not qualify for admission.
Despite concerns raised by the CHRI, what was the ultimate decision of the Heads of Government regarding Rwanda's membership at the 2009 CHOGM?
Answer: They agreed to accept Rwanda as a member of the Commonwealth.
Explanation: Despite the negative assessment from the CHRI, the Commonwealth Heads of Government made the political decision to accept Rwanda as a new member.
What was Rwanda's numerical position among Commonwealth members after its admission in 2009?
Answer: 54th member
Explanation: With the admission of Rwanda, the total number of Commonwealth members increased to 54.
What unique characteristic did Rwanda possess as a new Commonwealth member?
Answer: It was the second member without a direct constitutional tie to an existing member.
Explanation: Rwanda became the second member state, following Mozambique, to join the Commonwealth without having a direct historical or constitutional link to an existing member.
Which of the following countries were anticipated to apply for Commonwealth membership but were NOT considered at the 2009 CHOGM?
Answer: Algeria, Madagascar, Sudan, and Yemen
Explanation: While Algeria, Madagascar, Sudan, and Yemen were expected to apply for membership, their applications were not formally considered during the 2009 summit.
According to various organizations like CHRI, Human Rights Watch, and Freedom House, what has been the observed trend regarding human rights and democracy in Rwanda since its admission to the Commonwealth?
Answer: A decline in the protection of democracy and human rights.
Explanation: Since Rwanda's admission, several human rights organizations, including CHRI, Human Rights Watch, and Freedom House, have reported a deterioration in the country's protection of democracy and human rights.
The 2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was initially planned for Perth, Australia, but was moved to Sri Lanka.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 2011 CHOGM was initially planned for Colombo, Sri Lanka, but was moved to Perth, Australia, due to concerns over human rights in Sri Lanka.
The governments of the United States and Australia called for a reassessment of Sri Lanka's bid to host the 2011 CHOGM.
Answer: False
Explanation: The governments of the United Kingdom and Canada were the ones that called for a reassessment of Sri Lanka's bid to host the 2011 summit.
Sri Lanka was eventually reassigned to host the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 2013.
Answer: True
Explanation: After its 2011 hosting duties were moved, Sri Lanka was reassigned to host the CHOGM in 2013.
Mauritius was provisionally selected to host the 2015 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mauritius was 'pencilled in,' or provisionally selected, as the host for the 2015 CHOGM.
What was the initial plan for the host country of the 2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?
Answer: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Explanation: The 2011 CHOGM was originally scheduled to be held in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
What was the primary reason for the change in the 2011 CHOGM host country from Sri Lanka?
Answer: Renewal of the Sri Lankan civil war and human rights allegations
Explanation: The venue for the 2011 CHOGM was changed due to the renewal of the Sri Lankan civil war and widespread allegations of human rights abuses.
Which two Commonwealth member governments specifically called for a reassessment of Sri Lanka's bid to host the 2011 CHOGM?
Answer: United Kingdom and Canada
Explanation: The governments of the United Kingdom and Canada were the two member states that formally called for a reassessment of Sri Lanka's suitability as a host.
Where was the 2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting ultimately held instead of Sri Lanka?
Answer: Perth, Australia
Explanation: Following the decision to move the summit from Sri Lanka, the 2011 CHOGM was ultimately held in Perth, Australia.
When was Sri Lanka eventually reassigned to host a Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?
Answer: CHOGM 2013
Explanation: After being passed over for the 2011 summit, Sri Lanka was subsequently reassigned to host the CHOGM in 2013.
Which country was provisionally selected to host the 2015 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting?
Answer: Mauritius
Explanation: Mauritius was provisionally selected, or 'pencilled in,' to be the host nation for the 2015 CHOGM.
The President of France, Nicolas Sarkozy, attended the 2009 CHOGM to discuss trade agreements.
Answer: False
Explanation: French President Nicolas Sarkozy attended the summit with the objective of rallying support for the upcoming Copenhagen climate summit, not to discuss trade agreements.
The attendance of the French President at the 2009 CHOGM indicated reconciliation between France and the Commonwealth.
Answer: True
Explanation: President Sarkozy's attendance was seen as a sign of reconciliation, particularly concerning the prospective Commonwealth membership of Rwanda.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen were among the prominent international figures who attended the 2009 CHOGM.
Answer: True
Explanation: In addition to the French President, other prominent attendees included UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen, underscoring the meeting's focus on global climate change.
Which non-Commonwealth head of state attended the 2009 CHOGM with the objective of rallying support for the Copenhagen climate summit?
Answer: The President of France
Explanation: The President of France, Nicolas Sarkozy, attended the summit to encourage support for a strong outcome at the upcoming Copenhagen climate conference.
The attendance of the French President at the 2009 CHOGM was seen as an indication of reconciliation between France and the Commonwealth, particularly concerning what issue?
Answer: The prospective membership of Rwanda in the Commonwealth.
Explanation: The French President's attendance was interpreted as a sign of reconciliation between France and the Commonwealth, particularly in light of Rwanda's application for membership.
Which of the following international figures, besides the French President, attended the 2009 CHOGM?
Answer: UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen
Explanation: Other high-profile international attendees included UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen, reflecting the summit's focus on climate change.