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The 2010 United States census was constitutionally mandated primarily to count residents for determining Congressional representation and for governmental planning.
Answer: True
Explanation: The U.S. Constitution mandates the decennial census primarily to enumerate all residents within the nation. This count is fundamental for the constitutionally required reapportionment of Congressional seats among the states and serves as a critical basis for federal, state, and local governmental planning and resource allocation.
Participation in the U.S. Census is legally mandated under Title 13 of the United States Code.
Answer: True
Explanation: Title 13 of the United States Code establishes the legal requirement for individuals residing in the United States to participate in the decennial census, making response mandatory.
The primary purpose of the 2010 census was solely to update mailing lists for government agencies.
Answer: False
Explanation: While census data aids government agencies, its primary constitutional purpose extends beyond merely updating mailing lists; it is fundamentally for determining Congressional representation and informing broad governmental planning.
Responding to the census is optional, and individuals cannot face legal penalties for refusal.
Answer: False
Explanation: Participation in the U.S. Census is legally mandated under Title 13 of the U.S. Code, and while prosecutions are rare, penalties can be imposed for refusal to respond.
What was the primary constitutional purpose of the 2010 United States census?
Answer: To count every resident for Congressional representation and governmental planning.
Explanation: The U.S. Constitution mandates the decennial census primarily to enumerate all residents within the nation. This count is fundamental for the constitutionally required reapportionment of Congressional seats among the states and serves as a critical basis for federal, state, and local governmental planning and resource allocation.
What legal requirement mandates participation in the U.S. Census?
Answer: Title 13 of the United States Code
Explanation: Title 13 of the United States Code establishes the legal requirement for individuals residing in the United States to participate in the decennial census, making response mandatory.
What was the Census Bureau's general approach to prosecuting individuals who refused to complete the 2010 census form?
Answer: They rarely prosecuted failures, emphasizing participation benefits instead.
Explanation: While federal law permits penalties for census non-response, the Census Bureau's approach focused on promoting the benefits of participation rather than actively prosecuting refusals, which were rarely pursued.
What penalty was associated with reporting false information on the 2010 census form?
Answer: A $500 fine
Explanation: Reporting false information on the 2010 census form carried a penalty of $500, which was distinct from the $100 fine associated with failing to respond.
National Census Day, April 1, 2010, was established to determine the residency status of individuals for the count.
Answer: True
Explanation: National Census Day, designated as April 1, 2010, served as the official reference date for the 2010 U.S. Census. The residency status of individuals was determined based on their location on this specific day to ensure an accurate enumeration.
The 2010 census primarily relied on mail-in self-reporting, supplemented by enumerators for non-respondents and spot checks.
Answer: True
Explanation: The primary method for data collection in the 2010 census involved households self-reporting via mail-in forms. Enumerators were subsequently deployed to conduct follow-up interviews with non-responding households and to perform spot checks in selected areas to ensure comprehensive coverage.
The 2010 census enumeration was inaugurated by Census Bureau Director Robert Groves in Noorvik, Alaska.
Answer: True
Explanation: The official enumeration process for the 2010 U.S. Census commenced with Census Bureau Director Robert Groves conducting the first count in Noorvik, Alaska.
The national mail participation rate for the 2010 U.S. census was 74%.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2010 U.S. Census achieved a national mail participation rate of 74%, indicating the proportion of households that returned their census forms via mail.
Lockheed Martin's contract for data capture and standardization for the 2010 census ultimately exceeded one billion dollars.
Answer: True
Explanation: The contract awarded to Lockheed Martin for the crucial tasks of data capture and standardization for the 2010 census ultimately surpassed an initial value of one billion dollars.
High-speed document scanning technology and GPS-enabled handheld devices were key technologies used to improve the 2010 census's accuracy and efficiency.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2010 census leveraged advanced technologies, including high-speed document scanners for data processing and GPS-equipped handheld devices for address canvassing, to enhance both accuracy and operational efficiency.
The 2010 census was primarily conducted using paper forms mailed directly to households, with no online option available.
Answer: True
Explanation: The primary mode of response for the 2010 U.S. Census involved mail-in paper forms, as an online response option was not provided during that census cycle.
The Non-Response Follow-up (NRFU) operation was completed entirely by mail before National Census Day.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Non-Response Follow-up (NRFU) operation involved enumerators visiting households that did not return their forms, and it occurred after National Census Day, not before, and was conducted in person, not solely by mail.
What date served as the official reference point, or National Census Day, for the 2010 United States census?
Answer: April 1, 2010
Explanation: National Census Day, designated as April 1, 2010, served as the official reference date for the 2010 U.S. Census. The residency status of individuals was determined based on their location on this specific day to ensure an accurate enumeration.
How was the 2010 census primarily conducted?
Answer: Primarily via mail-in self-reporting by households.
Explanation: The primary method for data collection in the 2010 census involved households self-reporting via mail-in forms. Enumerators were subsequently deployed to conduct follow-up interviews with non-responding households and to perform spot checks in selected areas to ensure comprehensive coverage.
Who inaugurated the 2010 census enumeration, and where did it begin?
Answer: Census Bureau Director Robert Groves in Noorvik, Alaska.
Explanation: The official enumeration process for the 2010 U.S. Census commenced with Census Bureau Director Robert Groves conducting the first count in Noorvik, Alaska.
What was the national mail participation rate for the 2010 U.S. census?
Answer: 74%
Explanation: The 2010 U.S. Census achieved a national mail participation rate of 74%, indicating the proportion of households that returned their census forms via mail.
What was the purpose of the Non-Response Follow-up (NRFU) operation during the 2010 census?
Answer: To follow up with households that did not return their census forms by mail.
Explanation: The Non-Response Follow-up (NRFU) was an operation conducted where census takers visited households that had not returned their census forms by mail. This was a crucial step to ensure as complete a count as possible.
Was an internet response option available for the 2010 U.S. Census?
Answer: No, it was not offered for the 2010 census.
Explanation: An internet response option was not available for the 2010 U.S. Census; participation was primarily conducted through mail-in forms or enumerator follow-up.
What company was awarded a significant contract for data capture and standardization for the 2010 census?
Answer: Lockheed Martin
Explanation: The contract awarded to Lockheed Martin for the crucial tasks of data capture and standardization for the 2010 census ultimately surpassed an initial value of one billion dollars.
Which technology was utilized for the address canvassing operation during the 2010 census?
Answer: Hand-held computing devices with GPS
Explanation: The 2010 census leveraged advanced technologies, including GPS-equipped handheld devices for address canvassing, to enhance both accuracy and operational efficiency.
The elimination of the census 'long form' and the transition of detailed data collection to the American Community Survey (ACS) were significant methodological changes for the 2010 census.
Answer: True
Explanation: A significant methodological alteration for the 2010 census was the discontinuation of the 'long form' questionnaire, which had previously collected detailed socioeconomic data. This data collection responsibility was subsequently transferred to the American Community Survey (ACS).
What significant change was made to the census methodology in 2010, eliminating the need for a separate 'long form'?
Answer: Elimination of the long form; detailed data moved to ACS.
Explanation: A significant methodological alteration for the 2010 census was the discontinuation of the 'long form' questionnaire. This data collection responsibility was subsequently transferred to the American Community Survey (ACS).
How was detailed socioeconomic information collected in 2010, replacing the census long form?
Answer: It was gathered through the American Community Survey (ACS).
Explanation: Detailed socioeconomic information, previously collected via the census long form, was transitioned to the American Community Survey (ACS). The ACS collects data on a rolling basis from a small percentage of the population annually.
The 2010 census saw the elimination of the 'long form'. What was the primary consequence of this change?
Answer: The collection of detailed socioeconomic data shifted to the American Community Survey (ACS).
Explanation: The primary consequence of eliminating the census 'long form' in 2010 was the transfer of detailed socioeconomic data collection to the American Community Survey (ACS), which operates on an ongoing annual basis.
The total population count for the United States in the 2010 census was 308,745,538.
Answer: True
Explanation: The official total population count for the United States, as determined by the 2010 census conducted on April 1, 2010, was 308,745,538 individuals.
Texas experienced a larger population increase in absolute numbers than California between the 2000 and 2010 censuses.
Answer: True
Explanation: For the first time since 1930, Texas surpassed California in population growth in absolute numbers between the 2000 and 2010 censuses. Texas added 4.3 million residents, while California added 3.4 million.
Texas gained four seats in the U.S. House of Representatives based on the 2010 census results.
Answer: True
Explanation: The reapportionment following the 2010 census resulted in Texas being allocated four additional seats in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Nevada had the highest percentage rate of population growth between the 2000 and 2010 censuses.
Answer: True
Explanation: Nevada recorded the highest percentage increase in population between the 2000 and 2010 decennial censuses.
Michigan was the only state that experienced a population decrease between the 2000 and 2010 censuses.
Answer: True
Explanation: Michigan was the sole state to register a decline in population between the 2000 and 2010 U.S. Censuses.
New York City was ranked as the most populous city in the United States in the 2010 census.
Answer: True
Explanation: According to the 2010 census data, New York City maintained its position as the most populous city within the United States.
For the first time, all 100 most populous cities recorded populations greater than 500,000 in the 2010 census.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 2010 census marked the first time that all 100 most populous cities recorded populations exceeding 200,000, not 500,000. Additionally, it was the first census where every state had a population over 500,000.
The U.S. Census Bureau delivered complete redistricting data to the states in December 2010.
Answer: False
Explanation: While population counts for apportionment were delivered in December 2010, the complete redistricting data was provided to the states in March 2011, not December 2010.
What was the total population count for the United States in the 2010 census?
Answer: 308,745,538
Explanation: The official total population count for the United States, as determined by the 2010 census conducted on April 1, 2010, was 308,745,538 individuals.
Which state surpassed California in population growth in absolute numbers for the first time since 1930, according to the 2010 census?
Answer: Texas
Explanation: For the first time since 1930, Texas surpassed California in population growth in absolute numbers between the 2000 and 2010 censuses. Texas added 4.3 million residents, while California added 3.4 million.
When did the U.S. Census Bureau deliver population information for apportionment to the President?
Answer: December 2010
Explanation: The U.S. Census Bureau delivered population information for apportionment to the U.S. President in December 2010. Subsequently, complete redistricting data was provided to the states in March 2011.
Which of the following states gained congressional seats as a result of the 2010 census reapportionment?
Answer: Texas and Florida
Explanation: Based on the 2010 census reapportionment, Texas gained four seats and Florida gained two seats in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Which state had the highest percentage rate of population growth between the 2000 and 2010 censuses?
Answer: Nevada
Explanation: Nevada recorded the highest percentage increase in population between the 2000 and 2010 decennial censuses, growing by 35.1%.
According to the 2010 census, which state was the only one to experience a population decrease?
Answer: Michigan
Explanation: Michigan was the sole state to register a decline in population between the 2000 and 2010 U.S. Censuses, losing 54,804 residents.
What was the population of New York City as recorded in the 2010 census?
Answer: 8,175,133
Explanation: New York City maintained its position as the most populous city in the United States, with a recorded population of 8,175,133 in the 2010 census.
Which major metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was the most populous in the United States according to the 2010 census?
Answer: New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA
Explanation: The New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was the most populous in the United States, with a total of 19,567,410 residents counted in the 2010 census.
Which city ranked second in population in the United States based on the 2010 census?
Answer: Los Angeles
Explanation: Los Angeles ranked second in population among U.S. cities in the 2010 census, with a recorded population of 3,792,621.
The total cost of the 2010 census was approximately $13 billion, amounting to about $42 per capita.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2010 U.S. Census incurred a total expenditure of approximately $13 billion, resulting in a per capita cost of roughly $42.
The operational costs for the 2010 census were significantly under the allocated $7 billion budget, totaling $5.4 billion.
Answer: True
Explanation: The operational expenses for the 2010 census were substantially below the allocated budget of $7 billion, concluding at $5.4 billion.
Higher-than-expected mail-in response rates and lower-than-planned costs in certain areas contributed to the 2010 census operational costs being under budget.
Answer: True
Explanation: Factors such as elevated mail-in response rates and reduced costs in specific operational areas contributed to the 2010 census's final operational expenditures falling below the projected budget.
The 2010 census cost per capita was significantly lower than that of the censuses conducted in China and India during the same period.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 2010 U.S. census per capita cost of approximately $42 was significantly higher than the per capita costs for censuses in China (around US$1) and India (US$0.40).
The Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported that census costs had roughly stayed the same each decade since 1970.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported that the cost of conducting the U.S. census had approximately doubled each decade since 1970, indicating a significant increase, not stability.
What was the total cost of the 2010 census?
Answer: $13 billion
Explanation: The 2010 U.S. Census incurred a total expenditure of approximately $13 billion.
Which of the following factors contributed to the 2010 census operational costs being under budget?
Answer: Higher-than-expected mail-in response rates.
Explanation: Factors such as elevated mail-in response rates and reduced costs in specific operational areas contributed to the 2010 census's final operational expenditures falling below the projected budget.
What was the approximate cost per capita for the 2010 U.S. census?
Answer: $42.00
Explanation: The total cost per capita for the 2010 U.S. Census was approximately $42.
Social and Political Context
The Census Bureau announced in 2009 that same-sex married couples would be counted, although the form lacked a specific category for them.
Answer: True
Explanation: Prior to the 2010 census, the Census Bureau confirmed that same-sex married couples would be included in the count, despite the absence of a dedicated category on the form, allowing them to be listed as 'Husband or wife'.
Celebrities such as Demi Lovato and Eva Longoria were featured in marketing campaigns to encourage participation in the 2010 census.
Answer: True
Explanation: Public service announcements and marketing campaigns for the 2010 census featured various celebrities, including Demi Lovato and Eva Longoria, to promote participation among diverse demographic groups.
The inclusion of 'Negro' as a race option was primarily intended to capture data from younger African American respondents.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Census Bureau stated that the inclusion of 'Negro' as a race option was intended to accommodate older African American respondents who identified with the term, not younger ones.
How did the 2010 census handle the counting of same-sex married couples?
Answer: They could be listed as 'Husband or wife', similar to opposite-sex couples.
Explanation: The Census Bureau confirmed that same-sex married couples would be included in the 2010 count. While the form lacked a specific category, they could be listed as 'Husband or wife,' mirroring the option for opposite-sex couples.
Why did the Census Bureau target advertising towards conservative populations for the 2010 census?
Answer: To address concerns about potential undercounts among this demographic.
Explanation: The Census Bureau targeted advertising towards conservative populations due to concerns about potential undercounts among this demographic, aiming to encourage their participation and ensure a more accurate enumeration.
What controversy arose regarding the inclusion of the term 'Negro' in the 2010 census race categories?
Answer: It was included for older respondents but later removed due to complaints.
Explanation: The inclusion of 'Negro' as a race option in the 2010 census, intended for older respondents, generated controversy and complaints, leading to its subsequent removal from future census forms.
Which of the following cities challenged its 2010 census results, citing issues like census tracts losing population but few housing units?
Answer: Detroit
Explanation: Detroit, Michigan, was among the cities that challenged their 2010 census results, citing discrepancies such as census tracts showing population loss despite minimal changes in housing units, suggesting potential enumeration errors.
The Census Bureau enlisted intermediaries like churches and charities for the 2010 census primarily to:
Answer: Ensure a more accurate count by emphasizing participation among specific populations.
Explanation: The Census Bureau engaged intermediaries such as churches and charities to emphasize the importance of census participation and to help ensure a more accurate count, particularly among populations historically subject to undercounts.