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The initial round of the 2020 Polish presidential election was originally scheduled for 10 May 2020 but was deferred due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Answer: True
Explanation: The first round of voting was indeed originally scheduled for 10 May 2020 but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, as confirmed by the source.
To qualify for the Polish presidential election, a candidate must be at least 30 years old on the day of the initial round.
Answer: False
Explanation: To be eligible, a candidate must be at least 35 years old on the day of the first round of the election, not 30.
The Agreement party, a junior partner within the governing alliance, initially endorsed the original election date of 10 May 2020.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Agreement party initially opposed the original election date of 10 May 2020, later reaching an arrangement to set new dates.
The President of Poland is directly elected through a two-round system for a four-year term.
Answer: False
Explanation: The President of Poland is directly elected for a five-year term, not a four-year term.
On what date was the second round of the 2020 Polish presidential election held?
Answer: 12 July 2020
Explanation: The second round of the 2020 Polish presidential election was conducted on 12 July 2020.
What is the constitutional term limit for the President of Poland?
Answer: Two terms
Explanation: The President of Poland is elected for a five-year term, with a limit of two terms.
Which of the following constitutes an eligibility requirement for a candidate to participate in the Polish presidential election?
Answer: Be a Polish citizen.
Explanation: To be eligible, a candidate must be a Polish citizen, be at least 35 years old on the day of the first round of the election, and collect a minimum of 100,000 voters' signatures.
What contentious request did Poczta Polska transmit to Polish mayors and city council presidents?
Answer: A request for private data of 30 million Polish citizens in an unsecured .txt file.
Explanation: Poczta Polska sent anonymous, unsigned emails to Polish mayors and city council presidents requesting the private data of 30 million Polish citizens, including PESEL numbers, dates of birth, and addresses, in an unsecured .txt file format.
What declaration did the National Electoral Commission (PKW) issue concerning the 10 May 2020 election date?
Answer: They announced the election could not take place due to lack of necessary instruments.
Explanation: On 7 May, the PKW announced that the election could not take place on 10 May 2020 because the existing legal regulations deprived the commission of the necessary instruments to perform its duties.
Donald Tusk chose not to contend for the Polish presidency in 2020, primarily attributing his decision to his obligations within the European Parliament.
Answer: False
Explanation: Donald Tusk declined to run, citing that his past 'difficult, unpopular decisions since prime minister' would burden his candidacy, and he was also reportedly advised against it by private opinion polls. He did run for the leadership of the European People's Party, but this was not his primary reason for declining the presidency.
Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska rescinded her candidacy for the Civic Platform primary, citing health reasons.
Answer: False
Explanation: Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska resigned her candidacy due to falling poll numbers and pressure from her own party, not health reasons.
Rafał Trzaskowski confirmed his eligibility as a candidate by amassing over 1.6 million signatures.
Answer: True
Explanation: Rafał Trzaskowski secured his eligibility by collecting over 1.6 million signatures after replacing Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska as the Civic Coalition's candidate.
Robert Biedroń was a candidate representing the Confederation Liberty and Independence party in the 2020 election.
Answer: False
Explanation: Robert Biedroń ran as a candidate for The Left, not the Confederation Liberty and Independence party. Krzysztof Bosak was the candidate for Confederation Liberty and Independence.
Andrzej Duda had visited every county during his presidential term, thereby fulfilling a commitment from his 2015 campaign, an action widely perceived as a pre-election campaign activity.
Answer: True
Explanation: Andrzej Duda had indeed visited all counties during his presidency, fulfilling a promise from his 2015 campaign, which was seen by some observers as a pre-election campaign activity.
Szymon Hołownia, Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz, and Robert Biedroń collectively endorsed Rafał Trzaskowski in the second round of the election.
Answer: True
Explanation: Szymon Hołownia, Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz, and Robert Biedroń all endorsed Rafał Trzaskowski for the second round of the election.
Marek Jakubiak endorsed Rafał Trzaskowski in the second round of the election.
Answer: False
Explanation: Marek Jakubiak endorsed Andrzej Duda in the second round of the election, not Rafał Trzaskowski.
All political debates scheduled for the first round were canceled, resulting in no debates occurring prior to the election.
Answer: False
Explanation: Most first-round political debates were cancelled, but one debate moderated by Michał Adamczyk was held on TVP Info on 17 June 2020.
What were the reasons for Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska's resignation from her candidacy in the Civic Platform primary?
Answer: She faced falling poll numbers and pressure from her own party.
Explanation: Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska resigned her candidacy on 15 May 2020 due to falling poll numbers and pressure from her own party.
Which candidate in the 2020 Polish presidential election served as the leader of the Spring political party and a Member of the European Parliament?
Answer: Robert Biedroń
Explanation: Robert Biedroń was the leader of Spring (2019–2021) and a Member of the European Parliament (2019–present), running as a candidate for The Left.
Which candidate in the 2020 Polish presidential election was a television personality who ran as an independent?
Answer: Szymon Hołownia
Explanation: Szymon Hołownia, a television personality, ran as an independent candidate in the election.
Which candidate from the first round formally endorsed Andrzej Duda in the second round of the election?
Answer: Marek Jakubiak
Explanation: Marek Jakubiak (0.17%) endorsed Andrzej Duda in the second round of the election.
What was Stanisław Żółtek's general disposition concerning the candidates in the second round?
Answer: He stated he was 'against Duda' without explicitly endorsing Trzaskowski.
Explanation: Stanisław Żółtek (0.23%) stated he was 'against Duda' in the second round, indicating a preference against the incumbent without explicitly endorsing Trzaskowski.
What factors contributed to the failure of joint second-round debates between Duda and Trzaskowski?
Answer: They refused to participate in debates at each other's preferred media outlets, and a joint proposal was rejected by TVP.
Explanation: Duda and Trzaskowski refused to participate in debates at each other's preferred media outlets, and a proposal for a joint debate hosted by TVP, Polsat, and TVN was rejected by TVP Director Jacek Kurski, leading to separate appearances by each candidate.
Andrzej Duda secured 43.50% of the votes in the first round, whereas Rafał Trzaskowski obtained 30.46%.
Answer: True
Explanation: In the first round, Andrzej Duda received 43.50% of the votes, and Rafał Trzaskowski received 30.46%.
Szymon Hołownia achieved second place in the initial round of the 2020 Polish presidential election.
Answer: False
Explanation: Szymon Hołownia placed third in the first round, receiving 13.87% of the votes. Rafał Trzaskowski placed second.
Andrzej Duda garnered more than 50% of the votes in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship during the first round.
Answer: False
Explanation: Andrzej Duda received 38.21% of the votes in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in the first round, which is less than 50%.
Rafał Trzaskowski obtained the highest percentage of votes in the Lublin Voivodeship during the first round.
Answer: False
Explanation: Andrzej Duda received the highest percentage of votes in the Lublin Voivodeship in the first round (56.67%). Rafał Trzaskowski's highest percentage was in Lubusz Voivodeship (36.94%).
Approximately 30.2 million registered voters were eligible to participate in the first round of the 2020 Polish presidential election.
Answer: True
Explanation: There were 30,204,792 registered voters for the first round of the 2020 Polish presidential election.
What was the recorded voter turnout percentage for the first round of the 2020 Polish presidential election?
Answer: 64.51%
Explanation: The turnout for the first round of the 2020 Polish presidential election was 64.51%.
Which two principal candidates progressed to the second round of the 2020 Polish presidential election?
Answer: Andrzej Duda and Rafał Trzaskowski
Explanation: The two main candidates who advanced to the second round were the incumbent president, Andrzej Duda, and Civic Platform vice-chairman and Mayor of Warsaw, Rafał Trzaskowski.
Which candidate secured third place in the initial round of the 2020 Polish presidential election?
Answer: Szymon Hołownia
Explanation: Szymon Hołownia placed third in the first round, receiving 13.87% of the votes.
In which voivodeship did Rafał Trzaskowski achieve his highest percentage of votes during the first round?
Answer: Lubusz Voivodeship
Explanation: Rafał Trzaskowski received the highest percentage of votes in the Lubusz Voivodeship in the first round, with 36.94%.
What was the percentage of votes secured by Andrzej Duda in the Lublin Voivodeship during the first round?
Answer: 56.67%
Explanation: Andrzej Duda received 56.67% of the votes in the Lublin Voivodeship in the first round.
Voter turnout for the second round of the 2020 Polish presidential election surpassed that of the first round, achieving 68.18%.
Answer: True
Explanation: The turnout for the second round was 68.18%, which was indeed higher than the first round's 64.51%.
Preliminary exit polls in the second round indicated a marginal lead for Rafał Trzaskowski over Andrzej Duda.
Answer: False
Explanation: Initial exit polls in the second round showed Andrzej Duda with a slight lead of 50.4% to Trzaskowski's 49.6%.
Andrzej Duda garnered more substantial support from younger voters (18-29 years old) in the second round.
Answer: False
Explanation: Andrzej Duda performed strongest among older voters, while Rafał Trzaskowski received the strongest support from younger voters (18-29 years old).
Rafał Trzaskowski obtained the most significant support from residents of major urban agglomerations (>500,000 population) in the second round.
Answer: True
Explanation: Rafał Trzaskowski received the strongest support from residents of larger agglomerations (>500,000 pop. with 65.8%) in the second round.
The aggregate percentage of invalid or blank votes in the second round of the election was lower than that recorded in the first round.
Answer: False
Explanation: The overall percentage of invalid or blank votes in the second round was 0.86%, which was higher than the 0.30% in the first round.
In the second round, a greater proportion of women cast their votes for Andrzej Duda compared to men.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the second round, 51.9% of men voted for Andrzej Duda, while 50.3% of women voted for him, meaning a higher percentage of men voted for Duda.
Farmers largely favored Rafał Trzaskowski in the second round of the election.
Answer: False
Explanation: Farmers overwhelmingly supported Andrzej Duda in the second round, with 81.4% of their votes going to him.
Voters possessing higher education generally favored Rafał Trzaskowski in the second round.
Answer: True
Explanation: Voters with higher education predominantly supported Rafał Trzaskowski in the second round, with 65.1% of their votes.
Among individuals who voted for Law and Justice in the 2019 Sejm election, fewer than 90% supported Andrzej Duda in the 2020 presidential election.
Answer: False
Explanation: Of those who voted for Law and Justice in the 2019 Sejm election, 96.9% supported Andrzej Duda in the second round, which is more than 90%.
The majority of Szymon Hołownia's first-round voters cast their ballots for Andrzej Duda in the second round.
Answer: False
Explanation: Of those who voted for Szymon Hołownia in the first round, 85.0% supported Rafał Trzaskowski in the second round, while only 15.0% voted for Andrzej Duda.
What was the percentage of votes obtained by Andrzej Duda in the second round of the 2020 Polish presidential election?
Answer: 51.03%
Explanation: In the second round, Andrzej Duda secured 51.03% of the vote.
Which demographic cohort exhibited the most robust support for Andrzej Duda in the second round?
Answer: Farmers
Explanation: Andrzej Duda performed strongest among farmers (81.4%) in the second round.
Which demographic group demonstrated the most substantial support for Rafał Trzaskowski in the second round?
Answer: Students
Explanation: Rafał Trzaskowski received the strongest support from students (69.9%) in the second round.
What was the total percentage of invalid or blank votes recorded in the second round of the election?
Answer: 0.86%
Explanation: The overall percentage of invalid or blank votes in the second round of the election was 0.86%.
What was the total number of registered voters for the second round of the 2020 Polish presidential election?
Answer: 30,268,460
Explanation: There were 30,268,460 registered voters for the second round of the 2020 Polish presidential election.
What proportion of male voters cast their ballot for Andrzej Duda in the second round?
Answer: 51.9%
Explanation: In the second round, 51.9% of men voted for Andrzej Duda.
What percentage of voters aged 18-29 years old expressed support for Rafał Trzaskowski in the second round?
Answer: 63.7%
Explanation: In the second round, 63.7% of voters aged 18-29 years old supported Rafał Trzaskowski.
How did voters who supported the Civic Coalition in the 2019 Sejm election cast their ballots in the second round of the 2020 presidential election?
Answer: 98.2% supported Rafał Trzaskowski.
Explanation: Of those who voted for Civic Coalition in the 2019 Sejm election, 98.2% supported Rafał Trzaskowski in the second round of the 2020 Polish presidential election.
What proportion of voters who supported Szymon Hołownia in the first round subsequently voted for Rafał Trzaskowski in the second round?
Answer: 85.0%
Explanation: Of those who voted for Szymon Hołownia in the first round, 85.0% supported Rafał Trzaskowski in the second round.
What was the aggregate voter turnout percentage for the second round of the 2020 Polish presidential election?
Answer: 68.18%
Explanation: The overall turnout percentage for the second round of the 2020 Polish presidential election was 68.18%.
Andrzej Duda's re-election in 2020 represented the first instance of an incumbent president winning re-election in Poland since Lech Wałęsa in the 1995 election.
Answer: False
Explanation: Andrzej Duda's re-election was the first since Aleksander Kwaśniewski in the 2000 Polish presidential election, not Lech Wałęsa in 1995.
The Voivodship Administrative Court in Warsaw determined that Prime Minister Morawiecki's decision regarding mail-in voting constituted a gross violation of legal statutes.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Voivodship Administrative Court in Warsaw ruled that Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki's decision to hold the May elections exclusively through mail-in voting was 'a gross violation of the law and was issued without [legal] grounds.'
Subsequent to the conclusion of voting, Rafał Trzaskowski promptly accepted Andrzej Duda's invitation to the Presidential Palace.
Answer: False
Explanation: Rafał Trzaskowski declined Andrzej Duda's invitation to the Presidential Palace, stating they could meet after the official election results were announced.
US President Donald Trump was among the international leaders who extended congratulations to Andrzej Duda on his re-election.
Answer: True
Explanation: US President Donald Trump was indeed among the international leaders who congratulated Andrzej Duda on his re-election.
Analysts construed the 2020 election results as an indicator of a cohesive Polish society and anticipated improved relations with the European Union.
Answer: False
Explanation: Observers viewed the election results as indicative of a divided Polish society and predicted further clashes with the European Union, not smoother relations.
Former Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki faced charges of abuse of power in February 2025 concerning his decision to conduct the 2020 election exclusively by postal ballot.
Answer: True
Explanation: In February 2025, Mateusz Morawiecki was charged with abuse of power for his decision to hold the 2020 election solely by postal ballot when he was prime minister.
The Civic Platform party contested the election results, asserting biased coverage by state television, particularly that TVP failed to broadcast any of Trzaskowski's engagements with voters.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Civic Platform party challenged the results, alleging biased coverage by state television, specifically mentioning that TVP did not broadcast a single meeting of Trzaskowski with voters.
A media-monitoring service concluded that Wiadomości news on TVP offered balanced coverage of Duda and Trzaskowski during the period of 3 to 16 June.
Answer: False
Explanation: A media-monitoring service, Press.pl, found that between 3 and 16 June, nearly 97% of Wiadomości news stories about Duda were positive, while almost 87% of those about Trzaskowski were negative, indicating biased coverage.
The Polish Supreme Court declared the election invalid on the grounds of biased coverage by state television.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Supreme Court ruled the election valid, acknowledging doubts about the state television's honesty but stating that TVP was not the only media source available to voters.
The ODIHR report concluded that the public broadcaster TVP neglected its legal obligation to ensure balanced and impartial coverage throughout the campaign.
Answer: True
Explanation: The ODIHR report critically found that the public broadcaster TVP 'failed in its legal duty to provide balanced and impartial coverage,' acting as a campaign vehicle for the incumbent and portraying his main challenger negatively.
Andrzej Duda's re-election represented the first occasion an incumbent president had achieved re-election in Poland since which prior election?
Answer: 2000 Polish presidential election
Explanation: Andrzej Duda's victory marked the first time an incumbent president had won re-election in Poland since Aleksander Kwaśniewski in the 2000 Polish presidential election.
What overarching political pattern did Duda's triumph in the 2020 election signify for the Law and Justice (PiS) party?
Answer: The sixth consecutive national election where they successfully defeated opposition forces.
Explanation: Duda's victory marked the sixth consecutive national election where the right-wing Law and Justice (PiS) party successfully defeated the opposition centrist and center-left forces.
What was Andrzej Duda's immediate response following the conclusion of voting in the second round?
Answer: He invited Rafał Trzaskowski to the Presidential Palace to 'shake hands' and 'end the campaign.'
Explanation: After voting concluded, Andrzej Duda invited Rafał Trzaskowski to the Presidential Palace to 'shake hands' and 'end the campaign.'
Based on the provided source, which international leader did NOT extend congratulations to Andrzej Duda on his re-election?
Answer: German Chancellor Angela Merkel
Explanation: The source lists several international leaders who congratulated Andrzej Duda, but German Chancellor Angela Merkel is not among them.
What was the prevailing interpretation among observers regarding the outcomes of the 2020 Polish presidential election?
Answer: As indicative of a divided Polish society.
Explanation: Observers viewed the election results as indicative of a divided Polish society and predicted that the Law and Justice (PiS) party would continue its policies, likely leading to further clashes with the European Union.
What was the Polish Supreme Court's verdict concerning the contested election results?
Answer: The election was ruled valid, despite doubts about state television's honesty.
Explanation: The Supreme Court ruled the election valid, acknowledging doubts about the state television's honesty but stating that TVP was not the only media source available to voters.
What was a salient conclusion of the ODIHR report concerning TVP's coverage of the 2020 Polish presidential election?
Answer: TVP acted as a campaign vehicle for the incumbent and portrayed his main challenger negatively.
Explanation: The ODIHR report found that the public broadcaster TVP 'failed in its legal duty to provide balanced and impartial coverage,' acting as a campaign vehicle for the incumbent and portraying his main challenger negatively.