Enter a player name to begin or load your saved progress.
The 28th Infantry Division is recognized as the oldest division-sized unit in the U.S. Army, with some of its units tracing their lineage to Benjamin Franklin's Pennsylvania Associators.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division holds the distinction of being the oldest division-sized unit in the Army, with some constituent units tracing their origins to Benjamin Franklin's Pennsylvania Associators, which existed from 1747 to 1777.
The 28th Infantry Division was officially established in 1917, coinciding with America's entry into World War I.
Answer: False
Explanation: The division was officially established in 1879. It was redesignated as the 28th Division in 1917, following America's entry into the First World War.
Major General John F. Hartranft's appointment as the first Division commander of the National Guard of Pennsylvania in 1879 marked the first time a state had structured its National Guard at a high tactical level in peacetime.
Answer: True
Explanation: On March 12, 1879, Major General John F. Hartranft was appointed the first Division commander of the National Guard of Pennsylvania, a significant step as Pennsylvania was the first state to structure its National Guard units at such a high tactical level in peacetime.
During the Spanish-American War, all Pennsylvania units raised for the 28th Division were deployed to Puerto Rico.
Answer: False
Explanation: While most deployed units went to Puerto Rico, the 10th Regiment was subsequently sent to the Philippines.
The 28th Division was mobilized to respond to domestic labor disturbances in both 1877 and 1900.
Answer: True
Explanation: The division was called up to respond to labor disturbances in both 1877 and 1900.
During the Mexican border service in 1916, the 28th Division was commanded by Major General Omar Nelson Bradley.
Answer: False
Explanation: The division was commanded by Major General Charles M. Clement during its service on the Mexican border in 1916.
The 56th Brigade of the 28th Infantry Division earned campaign credits for Gettysburg and Antietam during the American Civil War.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the American Civil War, the 56th Brigade earned campaign credits for numerous battles, including Antietam and Gettysburg.
The 2nd Brigade of the 28th Infantry Division earned campaign credits for Manila in 1898 during the War With Spain.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2nd Brigade earned campaign credits for Manila in 1898 during the War With Spain, and for Manila and Malolos in 1899 during the Philippine-American War.
Which of the following is a historical distinction of the 28th Infantry Division?
Answer: It is the oldest division-sized unit in the U.S. Army.
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division holds the distinction of being the oldest division-sized unit in the Army, with lineage tracing back to 1747.
When was the 28th Infantry Division officially established as a division-level command?
Answer: 1879
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division was officially established in 1879, marking a significant step in the organization of the National Guard.
Who was appointed as the first Division commander of the National Guard of Pennsylvania on March 12, 1879?
Answer: Major General John F. Hartranft
Explanation: Major General John F. Hartranft was appointed as the first Division commander of the National Guard of Pennsylvania on March 12, 1879.
Which of the following regiments of the 28th Division was deployed to the Philippines during the Spanish-American War?
Answer: The 10th Regiment
Explanation: While several regiments were deployed to Puerto Rico, the 10th Regiment was subsequently sent to the Philippines.
The 28th Division was called up to respond to labor disturbances in which two years?
Answer: 1877 and 1900
Explanation: The division was mobilized to respond to domestic labor disturbances in both 1877 and 1900.
What was the 28th Division's designation during the Mexican border service in 1916?
Answer: The 7th Division
Explanation: In 1914, the division was designated the 7th Division as part of a National Guard reorganization, a designation it held during its 1916 deployment to the Mexican border.
Which of the following campaign credits was earned by the 56th Brigade of the 28th Infantry Division during the American Civil War?
Answer: Gettysburg
Explanation: During the American Civil War, the 56th Brigade of the 28th Infantry Division earned campaign credits for numerous battles, including Gettysburg.
At Camp Hancock, Georgia, during World War I, the 28th Division was well-supplied with training equipment, including multiple 37-mm guns for each regiment.
Answer: False
Explanation: The division had woeful training equipment, including wooden machine guns and only one 37-mm gun for the entire division.
The 28th Division's first major engagement in World War I was the Battle of Chateau-Thierry, where it successfully repelled a German assault.
Answer: True
Explanation: The division's first major engagement was the Battle of Chateau-Thierry on July 14, 1918, where it successfully repelled a fierce German artillery bombardment and assault.
The 28th Division participated in the Meuse-Argonne and Ypres-Lys operations during World War I.
Answer: True
Explanation: During World War I, the 28th Division was involved in the Meuse-Argonne, Champagne-Marne, Aisne-Marne, Oise-Aisne, and Ypres-Lys operations.
During World War I, the 28th Division sustained over 14,000 casualties, and three individuals were awarded the Medal of Honor.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 28th Division sustained a total of 14,139 casualties, but only two individuals were awarded the Medal of Honor during World War I.
After World War I, the 28th Division was demobilized at Camp Dix, New Jersey, in May 1919.
Answer: True
Explanation: The division was demobilized on May 17, 1919, at Camp Dix, New Jersey, after twelve months of overseas service.
Which of the following accurately describes the training conditions of the 28th Division at Camp Hancock, Georgia, during World War I?
Answer: They initially received only summer uniforms and had woeful training equipment like wooden machine guns.
Explanation: Conditions at Camp Hancock were poor; men initially received only summer uniforms and had woefully inadequate training equipment, including wooden machine guns.
What was the 28th Division's first major engagement in Europe during World War I?
Answer: Battle of Chateau-Thierry
Explanation: The division's first major engagement was the Battle of Chateau-Thierry on July 14, 1918, where it successfully repelled a German assault.
Which of the following World War I operations was the 28th Division NOT involved in?
Answer: Battle of the Bulge
Explanation: The Battle of the Bulge was a major engagement in World War II, not World War I. The 28th Division participated in the Meuse-Argonne, Aisne-Marne, and Ypres-Lys operations during WWI.
How many individuals from the 28th Division were awarded the Medal of Honor during World War I?
Answer: Two
Explanation: Two individuals from the 28th Division, Sergeant James I. Mestrovitch and Major Joseph H. Thompson, were awarded the Medal of Honor during World War I.
Where was the 28th Division demobilized after World War I?
Answer: Camp Dix, New Jersey
Explanation: The division was demobilized on May 17, 1919, at Camp Dix, New Jersey.
The designated mobilization training center for the 'Keystone' Division during the interwar period was Camp Atterbury, Indiana.
Answer: False
Explanation: The designated mobilization training center for the 'Keystone' Division during the interwar period was Camp Bullis, Texas.
An honor battalion from the 'Iron Division' dedicated the Pennsylvania World War Memorial in Varennes-en-Argonne, France, in 1928.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1928, an honor battalion of Pennsylvania National Guardsmen from the 'Iron Division' dedicated the Pennsylvania World War Memorial in Varennes-en-Argonne, France.
The 28th Infantry Division was called into federal service for World War II in February 1941, prior to the official U.S. entry into the conflict.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division was called into federal service on February 17, 1941, well before the attack on Pearl Harbor and the official U.S. entry into World War II.
In February 1942, the 111th Infantry Regiment was detached from the 28th Division and tasked with guarding important Western Seaboard industrial facilities.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 111th Infantry Regiment was detached and initially tasked with guarding important Eastern Seaboard industrial facilities, not the Western Seaboard.
Major General Omar Nelson Bradley commanded the 28th Infantry Division during its training in various U.S. states before its overseas deployment in World War II.
Answer: True
Explanation: Major General Omar Nelson Bradley commanded the 28th Infantry Division during its training in the Carolinas, Virginia, Louisiana, Texas, and Florida prior to its deployment.
The 28th Infantry Division landed in Normandy on D-Day, June 6, 1944, and was immediately involved in Operation Cobra.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division landed in Normandy on July 22, 1944, seven weeks after the initial D-Day landings, and was then involved in Operation Cobra.
The 28th Infantry Division was given the honor of marching down the Champs-Élysées as part of the Liberation of Paris parade in August 1944.
Answer: True
Explanation: The men of the 28th Infantry Division entered Paris and were given the honor of marching down the Champs-Élysées on August 29, 1944, as part of the Liberation of Paris parade.
A patrol from the 109th Infantry was the first of the Allied armies to reach German soil by crossing the Our River into Sevenig, Germany.
Answer: True
Explanation: A small night patrol of the 109th Infantry crossed the Our River from Luxembourg into Sevenig, Germany, making it the first of the Allied armies to reach German soil.
The 28th Infantry Division achieved significant strategic gains in the Battle of Hürtgen Forest, despite suffering heavy casualties.
Answer: False
Explanation: The divisional history acknowledged that the division 'accomplished little' in the costly Battle of Hürtgen Forest, where it suffered extremely heavy casualties.
During the Ardennes Offensive, the 28th Infantry Division quickly withdrew from its front due to prior heavy casualties, failing to disrupt the enemy's timetable.
Answer: False
Explanation: Despite heavy prior casualties, the 28th Infantry Division fought tenaciously along its entire front, successfully disrupting the enemy's timetable before withdrawing to reorganize.
The 109th Infantry Regiment of the 28th Infantry Division received the French Croix de guerre from Charles de Gaulle for its actions during World War II.
Answer: True
Explanation: For its actions during World War II, the 109th Infantry Regiment received the French Croix de guerre from Charles de Gaulle.
Edward Donald Slovik, a private in the 28th Infantry Division, was the only American soldier executed for desertion since the American Civil War.
Answer: False
Explanation: Edward Donald Slovik was the only American soldier executed for cowardice since the American Civil War. Over 21,000 soldiers received sentences for desertion during World War II.
The 28th Infantry Division received the Presidential Unit Citation for its actions in the Colmar Pocket during World War II.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division received the Presidential Unit Citation for its actions during the Battle of the Bulge, and the French Croix de guerre with Palm for its actions at Colmar.
Where was the 28th Division's headquarters relocated to on March 12, 1933, during the interwar period?
Answer: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Explanation: The division headquarters was relocated from Philadelphia to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on March 12, 1933.
What natural disaster did the entire 28th Division assist with in March and April 1936?
Answer: One of the worst floods in Pennsylvania's history
Explanation: The entire 28th Division was called up for flood relief duty in March and April 1936, when Pennsylvania rivers overflowed in one of the worst floods in the state's history.
Who commanded the 28th Infantry Division when it was called into federal service for World War II on February 17, 1941?
Answer: Major General Edward Martin
Explanation: When the 28th Infantry Division was called into federal service on February 17, 1941, it was commanded by Major General Edward Martin.
When did the 28th Infantry Division land in Normandy during World War II?
Answer: July 22, 1944
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division landed in Normandy on July 22, 1944, seven weeks after the initial D-Day landings.
Who took command of the 28th Infantry Division after its time in Paris during World War II?
Answer: Brigadier General Norman Cota
Explanation: After the Liberation of Paris, Brigadier General Norman Cota, formerly the Assistant Division Commander of the 29th Infantry Division, took command of the 28th Infantry Division.
What was the significance of a patrol from the 109th Infantry crossing the Our River into Sevenig, Germany?
Answer: It was the first time Allied forces reached German soil.
Explanation: A small night patrol of the 109th Infantry crossing the Our River into Sevenig, Germany, marked the first time any of the Allied armies reached German soil.
What was the acknowledged outcome of the 28th Infantry Division's involvement in the Battle of Hürtgen Forest?
Answer: The divisional history acknowledged that the division 'accomplished little'.
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division suffered extremely heavy casualties in the costly Battle of Hürtgen Forest, and its own divisional history acknowledged that the division 'accomplished little'.
How did the 28th Infantry Division respond to the Ardennes Offensive (Battle of the Bulge)?
Answer: They fought tenaciously and disrupted the enemy's timetable.
Explanation: Despite having sustained heavy casualties in previous fighting, the 28th Infantry Division fought tenaciously along its entire front, disrupting the enemy's timetable before withdrawing to reorganize.
Which regiment of the 28th Infantry Division received the French Croix de guerre during World War II?
Answer: 109th Infantry Regiment
Explanation: The 109th Infantry Regiment received the French Croix de guerre from Charles de Gaulle for its actions during World War II.
What was the total number of combat days for the 28th Infantry Division in World War II?
Answer: 196 days
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division was on the front line for a total of 196 days of combat during World War II.
What was Edward Donald Slovik's historical significance related to the 28th Infantry Division?
Answer: He was the only American soldier executed for cowardice since the American Civil War.
Explanation: Private Edward Donald Slovik of the 109th Infantry Regiment is historically significant as the only American soldier to be executed for cowardice since the American Civil War.
What unit decoration did the 28th Infantry Division receive for the Battle of the Bulge in World War II?
Answer: Presidential Unit Citation (United States)
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division received the Presidential Unit Citation (United States) for its actions in the Battle of the Bulge during World War II.
After World War II, the 28th Infantry Division was reorganized and returned to the Pennsylvania Army National Guard in November 1946.
Answer: True
Explanation: After being inactivated in December 1945, the 28th Infantry Division was reorganized on November 20, 1946, and returned to the Pennsylvania Army National Guard at Harrisburg.
During the Korean War, the 28th Division was deployed to Korea to augment UN forces.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 28th Division was sent to Germany during the Korean War to augment NATO forces and defend Western Europe from a potential Soviet attack.
The 28th Division was mobilized in force for Operation Desert Storm in 1991.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 28th Division was not mobilized in force for Operation Desert Storm, although some individual units and volunteers were deployed.
Elements of the 28th Division's artillery were called up for peacekeeping in Bosnia after the Dayton Agreement in 1996.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the Dayton Agreement in 1996, some units of the 28th Division's artillery were called up for peacekeeping duties in Bosnia.
What was the 28th Division's primary role during its deployment to Germany following the outbreak of the Korean War?
Answer: To augment NATO forces and defend Western Europe from Soviet attack.
Explanation: The 28th Division was sent to Germany to augment NATO forces and defend Western Europe from the threat of Soviet attack during the Korean War.
In what year was the 28th Division reorganized under the Pentomic structures?
Answer: 1959
Explanation: On June 1, 1959, the 28th Division was reorganized under the Pentomic structures, a U.S. Army organizational plan for tactical nuclear warfare.
Which major conflict did the 28th Division NOT mobilize in force for?
Answer: Operation Desert Storm
Explanation: The 28th Division was mobilized in force for WWI, WWII, and the Korean War (deployed to Germany), but not for Operation Desert Storm in 1991.
In what year did the 28th Division headquarters take command of the Northern Brigade Task Force (Task Force Eagle) as part of the NATO peacekeeping mission SFOR 12 in Bosnia?
Answer: 2002
Explanation: In 2002, the 28th Division headquarters took command of the Northern Brigade Task Force (Task Force Eagle) as part of the NATO peacekeeping mission SFOR 12 in Bosnia.
D Troop 2/104th CAV was the first National Guard unit to fly the Shadow UAV during its deployment to Iraq in 2003.
Answer: True
Explanation: D Troop 2/104th CAV, deployed to Iraq in 2003, was notable as the first National Guard unit to fly the Shadow UAV.
The 2nd Brigade Combat Team (2/28 BCT) was awarded the Army Meritorious Unit Commendation for its service in Iraq.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 2nd Brigade Combat Team (2/28 BCT) was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation for its service as part of the I Marine Expeditionary Force (Forward).
The 56th Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT) trained at Fort Polk, Louisiana, before deploying to Kuwait and then northern Baghdad for Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 56th SBCT trained at the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) in Fort Polk, Louisiana, before deploying to Camp Buehring, Kuwait, and subsequently conducting operations in the northern Baghdad Governorate.
LTC Richard T. Curry and CSM Albert Whatmough's element of the 1st Battalion, 107th Cavalry, established FOB Endurance in Mosul, Iraq, to provide command and control and logistical support.
Answer: True
Explanation: This element was deployed to Mosul, Iraq, to establish FOB Endurance (later FOB Q-West) and build it into the largest logistical hub in northern Iraq.
The 1st Battalion, 109th Field Artillery Regiment, primarily served as combat artillery units during its deployment to Iraq in 2003-2005.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1st Battalion, 109th Field Artillery Regiment, received Military Police training and served as MPs during its deployment to Iraq.
Charlie Company of the 2nd Battalion, 103rd Armor Regiment, was assigned to guard former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein at Camp Cropper.
Answer: True
Explanation: Charlie Company was assigned to the HVD facility at Camp Cropper, with one platoon solely guarding former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein.
What was a notable accomplishment of the 2nd Brigade Combat Team (2/28 BCT) during its deployment to Iraq in 2005?
Answer: They were awarded the Navy Unit Commendation.
Explanation: The 2nd Brigade Combat Team (2/28 BCT) was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation as part of the I Marine Expeditionary Force (Forward) for its service in Iraq.
Where did the 56th Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT) deploy to in January 2009 before conducting operations in the northern Baghdad Governorate?
Answer: Camp Buehring, Kuwait
Explanation: The 56th SBCT deployed to Camp Buehring, Kuwait, in January 2009, before moving into Iraq to conduct operations in the northern Baghdad Governorate.
What award did the FOB Endurance/Q-West Base Complex HQ elements of the 1st Battalion, 107th Cavalry, receive for their accomplishments in Iraq?
Answer: Army Meritorious Unit Commendation
Explanation: The FOB Endurance/Q-West Base Complex HQ elements of the 1st Battalion, 107th Cavalry, were attached to the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment and received the Army Meritorious Unit Commendation for their accomplishments.
What was the primary role of the 1st Battalion, 109th Field Artillery Regiment, during its deployment to Iraq in 2003-2005?
Answer: Serving as Military Police units.
Explanation: The 1st Battalion, 109th Field Artillery Regiment, received Military Police training before deploying to Iraq and its batteries were dispersed throughout the country serving as MPs.
Which company of the 2nd Battalion, 103rd Armor Regiment, was assigned to guard former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein in 2004?
Answer: Charlie Company
Explanation: Charlie Company of the 2nd Battalion, 103rd Armor Regiment, was assigned to the HVD facility at Camp Cropper, with one platoon solely guarding former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein.
How many soldiers from Task Force DRAGOON (1st Battalion, 103rd Armor) were killed in action during their 12-month combat operations in Salah Ad Din Province, Iraq?
Answer: Thirteen
Explanation: Thirteen soldiers from Task Force DRAGOON were killed in action during their 12-month period of combat operations in Salah Ad Din Province.
Currently, the 28th Infantry Division is composed of units exclusively from Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division currently comprises units from Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, and New Jersey.
The nickname 'Bloody Bucket' was given to the 28th Infantry Division by General Pershing during World War I.
Answer: False
Explanation: German forces gave the division the nickname 'Bloody Bucket' during World War II due to the shape and color of its red keystone insignia. General Pershing bestowed the nickname 'Iron Division' during World War I.
The 28th Infantry Division was the first Army National Guard division to field the Stryker infantry fighting vehicle as part of Army reorganization efforts.
Answer: True
Explanation: As part of the Army's reorganization efforts in the early 2000s, the 28th Infantry Division was the first Army National Guard division to field the Stryker infantry fighting vehicle.
The 28th Infantry Division's red keystone-shaped shoulder patch was officially adopted in 1917, symbolizing its origin from Pennsylvania.
Answer: False
Explanation: The red keystone-shaped shoulder patch was officially adopted on October 27, 1918.
The 28th Infantry Division's headquarters is currently located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division's headquarters is located in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
The 28th Division Shrine in Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, originated from a monument erected in 1919 by soldiers to honor their fallen comrades from World War I.
Answer: True
Explanation: The shrine originated from a monument erected in 1919 by soldiers of the Boal Troop to honor their fallen comrades from World War I, and has been a site for memorial services ever since.
The shoulder sleeve insignia of the 28th Infantry Division is a red keystone, symbolizing its origin from Ohio, the 'Buckeye State.'
Answer: False
Explanation: The red keystone insignia symbolizes the division's origin from Pennsylvania, known as the 'Keystone State.'
The 28th Infantry Division's distinctive unit insignia features a device purportedly designed by Benjamin Franklin.
Answer: True
Explanation: The distinctive unit insignia features a device purportedly designed by Benjamin Franklin, who inspired the people of Philadelphia.
The 28th Infantry Division's song, 'Roll On!', was written by Sergeant Emil Raab around 1944.
Answer: True
Explanation: The division's song, titled 'Roll On!', was written by Sergeant Emil Raab around 1944.
The 28th Infantry Division has been referenced in the miniseries Band of Brothers and the film Dawn of the Dead.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division has been portrayed or referenced in several popular culture works, including the miniseries Band of Brothers and the 1978 film Dawn of the Dead.
Which of the following states is NOT currently a source for units of the 28th Infantry Division?
Answer: New York
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division currently comprises units from Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, and New Jersey.
What was the origin of the 28th Infantry Division's nickname 'Bloody Bucket'?
Answer: German forces gave it due to the shape and color of its red keystone insignia during World War II.
Explanation: During World War II, German forces gave the division the nickname 'Bloody Bucket' due to the distinctive shape and color of its red keystone insignia.
What unique military vehicle was the 28th Infantry Division the first Army National Guard division to field?
Answer: Stryker infantry fighting vehicle
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division was the first Army National Guard division to field the Stryker infantry fighting vehicle as part of the Army's reorganization efforts.
Who bestowed the nickname 'Iron Division' upon the 28th ID during World War I?
Answer: General John Pershing
Explanation: General John Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Force, declared the 28th soldiers to be 'Men of Iron' and named the 28th ID his 'Iron Division' after their performance at Chateau-Thierry.
When was the 28th Infantry Division's red keystone-shaped shoulder patch officially adopted?
Answer: 1918
Explanation: The red keystone-shaped shoulder patch was officially adopted on October 27, 1918.
What is the current location of the 28th Infantry Division's headquarters?
Answer: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division's headquarters is located in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
What is the primary symbolism behind the 28th Infantry Division's shoulder sleeve insignia?
Answer: Its origin from the 'Keystone State' of Pennsylvania
Explanation: The red Keystone symbol alludes to the division's nickname, 'Keystone,' which refers to its formation from units of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard, as Pennsylvania is known as the 'Keystone State.'
Who is credited with writing the 28th Infantry Division's song, 'Roll On!'?
Answer: Sergeant Emil Raab
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division's song is titled 'Roll On!' and was written by Sergeant Emil Raab around 1944.
Which of the following popular culture works has referenced the 28th Infantry Division?
Answer: Band of Brothers
Explanation: The 28th Infantry Division has been portrayed or referenced in several popular culture works, including the miniseries Band of Brothers.
Who has been the commanding general of the 28th Infantry Division from 2024 to the present?
Answer: Major General Michael E. Wegscheider
Explanation: Major General Michael E. Wegscheider has been the commanding general of the 28th Infantry Division from 2024 to the present.