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Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge

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Study Guide: The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences: History, Governance, and Impact

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The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences: History, Governance, and Impact Study Guide

Foundational History and Mission

The primary objective of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) is to mediate labor disputes within the film industry.

Answer: False

Explanation: While Louis B. Mayer initially conceived the Academy with an intent to mediate labor disputes, its stated primary purpose is to advance the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academy's role in labor issues evolved, and it lost credibility in this area during the Great Depression.

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The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was officially formed in January 1927 after a formal banquet.

Answer: False

Explanation: While a formal banquet was held in January 1927 where the idea was presented, the Academy was officially formed on May 11, 1927, with its articles of incorporation filed on May 4, 1927.

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The Academy is classified as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization under U.S. tax law.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is classified as a 501(c)(6) organization under U.S. tax law, which designates it as a non-profit trade association, not a 501(c)(3) charitable organization.

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Louis B. Mayer, head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), initiated the idea for the Academy.

Answer: True

Explanation: Louis B. Mayer, then head of MGM, is credited with initiating the concept for the Academy, driven by motivations to mediate labor disputes and enhance the film industry's image.

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Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was elected as the first president of the Academy at its first organizational meeting.

Answer: True

Explanation: Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was indeed elected as the first president of the Academy at its inaugural organizational meeting on May 11, 1927.

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The Academy bestowed its first honorary membership upon D. W. Griffith for his pioneering work in film direction.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Academy's first honorary membership was bestowed upon Thomas Edison, recognizing his pioneering contributions to motion pictures, not D. W. Griffith.

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The Academy's first publication, *Academy Reports (No. 1): Incandescent Illumination*, focused on the technical aspects of film lighting.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Academy's first publication, *Academy Reports (No. 1): Incandescent Illumination*, released in July 1928, indeed focused on the technical aspects of lighting in film production.

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The Academy partnered with the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1929 to create America's first film school.

Answer: False

Explanation: In 1929, the Academy partnered with the University of Southern California (USC), not UCLA, to establish America's first film school.

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By 1938, the Academy's Science and Technology Council had 36 technical committees addressing various filmmaking issues.

Answer: True

Explanation: By 1938, the Academy's Science and Technology Council had indeed established 36 technical committees to address a wide range of filmmaking issues.

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What is the stated primary purpose of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)?

Answer: To advance the arts and sciences of motion pictures.

Explanation: The Academy's stated primary purpose is to advance the arts and sciences of motion pictures, promoting excellence and innovation within the film industry.

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When was the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences officially formed?

Answer: May 11, 1927.

Explanation: The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was officially formed on May 11, 1927, following the filing of its articles of incorporation.

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Under what U.S. tax law classification is the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences categorized?

Answer: 501(c)(6) non-profit trade association.

Explanation: The Academy is classified as a 501(c)(6) organization under U.S. tax law, which designates it as a non-profit trade association.

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Who initiated the idea for the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences?

Answer: Louis B. Mayer.

Explanation: Louis B. Mayer, then head of MGM, is recognized as the individual who initiated the concept for the Academy.

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Who was elected as the first president of the Academy at its organizational meeting on May 11, 1927?

Answer: Douglas Fairbanks, Sr.

Explanation: Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was elected as the first president of the Academy at its inaugural organizational meeting on May 11, 1927.

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Who received the Academy's first honorary membership?

Answer: Thomas Edison.

Explanation: Thomas Edison was the recipient of the Academy's first honorary membership, in recognition of his pioneering contributions to motion pictures.

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What was the focus of the Academy's first publication, *Academy Reports (No. 1): Incandescent Illumination*?

Answer: Technical aspects of lighting in film production.

Explanation: The Academy's inaugural publication, *Academy Reports (No. 1): Incandescent Illumination*, specifically addressed the technical dimensions of lighting within film production.

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Which university partnered with the Academy in 1929 to establish America's first film school?

Answer: University of Southern California (USC).

Explanation: In 1929, the Academy collaborated with the University of Southern California (USC) to found America's first film school.

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By 1938, how many technical committees did the Academy's Science and Technology Council consist of?

Answer: 36.

Explanation: By 1938, the Academy's Science and Technology Council had established 36 technical committees to address various filmmaking issues.

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Governance and Membership

The corporate management and general policies of the Academy are overseen by a Board of Governors, which includes representatives from each of the organization's craft branches.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Board of Governors is indeed responsible for the corporate management and general policies of the Academy, with its composition ensuring representation from each of the distinct craft branches.

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The original five branches of the Academy included actors, directors, writers, producers, and cinematographers.

Answer: False

Explanation: The original five branches were actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers. Cinematographers were not among the initial five, but technicians were.

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Janet Yang was elected as the first Asian American President of the Academy in 2022.

Answer: True

Explanation: Janet Yang was indeed elected as the first Asian American President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2022.

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Academy membership is divided into 19 branches, and members can belong to multiple branches if their work spans different disciplines.

Answer: False

Explanation: While Academy membership is divided into 19 branches, members are explicitly restricted from belonging to more than one branch, even if their work encompasses multiple disciplines.

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As of 2024, the Actors branch is the largest Academy branch, comprising 12.7% of the total membership.

Answer: True

Explanation: As of 2024, the Actors branch is indeed the largest within the Academy, accounting for 1,258 members, which is 12.7% of the total membership.

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An individual can be invited to join the Academy if they are recommended by two current members in the branch they wish to join.

Answer: True

Explanation: One pathway to Academy membership is by invitation from the Board of Governors, which can be initiated by a recommendation from two current members within the desired branch.

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Carmine Caridi was the first person expelled from the Academy for leaking screeners.

Answer: True

Explanation: Carmine Caridi was indeed the first individual known to be expelled from the Academy, on February 3, 2004, for copyright infringement related to leaking screeners.

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Will Smith resigned from the Academy in 2022 following his conviction for assault.

Answer: False

Explanation: Will Smith resigned from the Academy in 2022 following his onstage slap of Chris Rock during the 94th Academy Awards, not a conviction for assault.

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As of April 2020, the Board of Governors consists of 57 governors, with three from each of the 19 Academy branches and three governors-at-large.

Answer: True

Explanation: As of April 2020, the Board of Governors was composed of 57 governors, including three from each of the 19 Academy branches and three governors-at-large, ensuring broad representation.

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Presidents of the Academy are elected for two-year terms and can serve an unlimited number of consecutive terms.

Answer: False

Explanation: Presidents of the Academy are elected for one-year terms and are limited to serving no more than four consecutive terms, not an unlimited number.

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Bill Kramer was named the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Academy in June 2022.

Answer: True

Explanation: Bill Kramer was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Academy in June 2022.

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In 2019, the Academy's expenses exceeded its revenue.

Answer: False

Explanation: In 2019, the Academy reported a revenue of $147,889,867 and expenses of $103,813,370, indicating that its revenue exceeded its expenses.

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Which body is responsible for overseeing the corporate management and general policies of the Academy?

Answer: The Board of Governors.

Explanation: The Board of Governors is explicitly tasked with overseeing the corporate management and general policies of the Academy, ensuring broad representation from its craft branches.

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Which of the following was NOT one of the original five main branches of the film industry that qualified for Academy membership?

Answer: Cinematographers.

Explanation: The original five branches included actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers. Cinematographers were not among these initial categories.

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Who was elected as the first Asian American President of the Academy in 2022?

Answer: Janet Yang.

Explanation: Janet Yang made history in 2022 by being elected as the first Asian American President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

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How many branches does the Academy currently have for its membership?

Answer: 19.

Explanation: The Academy's membership is currently structured into 19 distinct branches, each representing a specific film discipline.

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As of 2024, which is the largest Academy branch by membership count?

Answer: Actors.

Explanation: As of 2024, the Actors branch is the largest within the Academy, comprising 1,258 members.

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What is one way an individual can be considered for membership in the Academy?

Answer: By being nominated for an Oscar.

Explanation: One significant pathway to Academy membership is through an Oscar nomination, which leads to consideration by special committees of the relevant branches.

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Who was the first person known to be expelled from the Academy, and for what reason?

Answer: Carmine Caridi for copyright infringement (leaking screeners).

Explanation: Carmine Caridi was the first individual known to be expelled from the Academy, specifically for copyright infringement related to leaking screeners in 2004.

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What is the maximum number of consecutive terms a President of the Academy can serve?

Answer: Four terms.

Explanation: The President of the Academy is limited to serving a maximum of four consecutive one-year terms.

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Who is the current Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Academy as of June 2022?

Answer: Bill Kramer.

Explanation: Bill Kramer was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Academy in June 2022.

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What was the Academy's revenue in 2019?

Answer: $147,889,867.

Explanation: In 2019, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences reported a revenue of $147,889,867.

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Awards and Programs

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is most widely recognized for its annual Governors Awards.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Academy is most widely recognized globally for its annual Academy Awards, popularly known as 'The Oscars,' rather than the Governors Awards, which are also significant but less universally known.

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Discussions for the 'Awards of Merit' committee began in July 1928, and 12 awards were approved shortly after.

Answer: False

Explanation: Discussions for the 'Awards of Merit' committee began in May 1928, not July. The approval of 12 awards did occur by July 1928.

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The *Screen Achievement Records Bulletin*, started in 1934, is now known as the *Motion Picture Credits Database*.

Answer: True

Explanation: The *Screen Achievement Records Bulletin*, initiated in 1934, has been rebranded and is currently known as the *Motion Picture Credits Database*.

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The inaugural Governors Awards were held in 2009, presenting the Academy Honorary Award, Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, and Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award.

Answer: True

Explanation: The first Governors Awards ceremony took place in 2009, and it indeed presented the Academy Honorary Award, Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, and Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award.

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*Parasite* made history in 2020 by becoming the first South Korean film to win Best Picture, though not the first non-English language film.

Answer: False

Explanation: *Parasite* made history in 2020 by becoming the first non-English language film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture, which inherently means it was the first South Korean film to do so.

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Since 2021, films in contention for awards are made available to Academy members via physical screeners.

Answer: False

Explanation: Since 2021, films in contention for awards are made available to Academy members through a designated streaming app, replacing the previous practice of physical screeners.

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What is the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences most widely known for globally?

Answer: Its annual Academy Awards, also known as 'The Oscars.'

Explanation: The Academy is globally recognized primarily for its annual Academy Awards, or 'The Oscars,' which celebrate excellence in cinematic achievements.

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Besides the Academy Awards, which of the following is an annual award or activity conducted by the Academy?

Answer: The Governors Awards for lifetime achievement.

Explanation: The Academy annually hosts the Governors Awards, which recognize lifetime achievement in film, in addition to the more widely known Academy Awards.

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When did discussions for an 'Awards of Merit' committee, which would lead to the Academy Awards, begin?

Answer: May 1928.

Explanation: Discussions for the 'Awards of Merit' committee, the precursor to the Academy Awards, commenced in May 1928.

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What is the *Screen Achievement Records Bulletin*, started in 1934, known as today?

Answer: The Motion Picture Credits Database.

Explanation: The *Screen Achievement Records Bulletin*, first published in 1934, is now known as the *Motion Picture Credits Database*, a comprehensive resource for film credits.

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When were the inaugural Governors Awards held?

Answer: 2009.

Explanation: The inaugural Governors Awards ceremony was held in 2009, recognizing significant contributions to film and humanitarian efforts.

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What historic achievement did the film *Parasite* accomplish at the Academy Awards in 2020?

Answer: It was the first non-English language film to win Best Picture.

Explanation: In 2020, *Parasite* achieved a historic milestone by becoming the first non-English language film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture.

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How are films in contention for awards made available to Academy members since 2021?

Answer: Via a designated streaming app.

Explanation: Since 2021, films under consideration for awards are provided to Academy members through a dedicated streaming application, replacing the prior method of physical screeners.

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Facilities, Archives, and Public Engagement

The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures opened in 2021, becoming the United States' first large-scale museum dedicated entirely to the film industry.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures opened on September 30, 2021, and is indeed the first large-scale museum in the United States exclusively dedicated to the film industry.

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The Samuel Goldwyn Theater is primarily used for public programming and members-only screenings, but not for the live broadcast of Academy Awards nominations.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Samuel Goldwyn Theater is used for public programming and members-only screenings, and it also hosts the live television broadcast of the Academy Awards nominations announcement.

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The Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study is named for Academy co-founder Mary Pickford and houses the Academy Film Archive.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study is named after Academy co-founder Mary Pickford and is indeed home to the Academy Film Archive, among other departments.

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The building housing the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study is the oldest surviving structure in Hollywood specifically designed for film production.

Answer: False

Explanation: The building housing the Pickford Center is the oldest surviving structure in Hollywood specifically designed for *television broadcasting*, not film production.

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The Margaret Herrick Library is a circulating reference collection open only to Academy members.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Margaret Herrick Library is a non-circulating reference and research collection, meaning materials cannot be borrowed, and it is open to the public, not exclusively to Academy members.

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The building that now houses the Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study was originally a film studio.

Answer: False

Explanation: The building now housing the Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study was originally constructed in 1928 as a water treatment plant for Beverly Hills.

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The Academy Theater in New York closed in 2015 due to declining attendance.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Academy Theater in New York closed in July 2015 because the property where it was located was sold by Lighthouse International, not due to declining attendance.

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Which facility within the Academy Headquarters is known for its technical accuracy in film presentation and hosts the Academy Awards nominations announcement?

Answer: The Samuel Goldwyn Theater.

Explanation: The Samuel Goldwyn Theater, located within the Academy Headquarters, is renowned for its technical precision in film presentation and serves as the venue for the live announcement of Academy Awards nominations.

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The Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study is named after which Academy co-founder?

Answer: Mary Pickford.

Explanation: The Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study is named in honor of Mary Pickford, who was a co-founder of the Academy.

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What was the original purpose of the building that now houses the Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study?

Answer: A water treatment plant.

Explanation: The building that currently houses the Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study was originally constructed in 1928 as a water treatment plant for Beverly Hills.

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When did the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures open to the public?

Answer: 2021.

Explanation: The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures opened its doors to the public on September 30, 2021.

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Why did the Academy Theater in New York close in July 2015?

Answer: The property where it was located was sold.

Explanation: The Academy Theater in New York was forced to close in July 2015 because the property it occupied was sold by Lighthouse International.

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What does the term 'non-circulating reference and research collection' mean for the Margaret Herrick Library?

Answer: Its materials cannot be borrowed and are for on-site use.

Explanation: The designation 'non-circulating' for the Margaret Herrick Library signifies that its materials are not available for loan and must be used on-site for research purposes.

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Evolution, Diversity, and Contemporary Issues

During the Great Depression, the Academy gained significant credibility among studio employee members by advocating for their wage increases.

Answer: False

Explanation: During the Great Depression, the Academy lost credibility among studio employee members by siding with major film studios in advocating for wage and salary reductions, rather than increases.

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During World War II, the Academy's Research Council trained Signal Corps officers of the United States Army.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Academy's Research Council contributed to the war effort by training Signal Corps officers of the United States Army during World War II.

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The #OscarsSoWhite campaign was initiated in 2016 by Cheryl Boone Isaacs to address the lack of diversity in nominations.

Answer: False

Explanation: The #OscarsSoWhite hashtag was created by social activist April Reign, not Cheryl Boone Isaacs. While Isaacs was president during the controversy and later acknowledged the issue, she did not initiate the campaign.

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The 'A2020 initiative' aimed to double the number of women and minority members in the Academy by the year 2020.

Answer: True

Explanation: The 'A2020 initiative,' launched in January 2016, explicitly aimed to double the representation of women and minority members within the Academy by 2020.

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Margaret Herrick, the Academy's first librarian, played a major role in transforming the Oscar ceremony into a significant televised event.

Answer: True

Explanation: Margaret Herrick, the Academy's first librarian, was indeed instrumental in the Academy's first televised broadcast, contributing to the Oscar ceremony's evolution into a major televised event.

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A 2012 *Los Angeles Times* study found that the majority of Academy members were under 50 years old.

Answer: False

Explanation: A 2012 *Los Angeles Times* study found that 86% of Academy members were 50 or older, indicating that the majority were not under 50.

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How did the Academy's role regarding labor issues change during the Great Depression?

Answer: It lost credibility by siding with major film studios on wage reductions.

Explanation: During the Great Depression, the Academy's credibility in labor matters diminished as it sided with major film studios in implementing wage and salary reductions, shifting its focus away from labor advocacy.

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What was the primary criticism the Academy faced in 2016 regarding diversity?

Answer: Failure to recognize achievements of minority professionals in major acting categories.

Explanation: In 2016, the Academy faced significant criticism, notably through the #OscarsSoWhite campaign, for its failure to nominate minority professionals in major acting categories for two consecutive years.

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Who created the #OscarsSoWhite hashtag?

Answer: April Reign.

Explanation: The #OscarsSoWhite hashtag, which brought significant attention to diversity issues within the Academy, was created by social activist April Reign.

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According to a 2012 *Los Angeles Times* study, what percentage of Academy members were 50 or older?

Answer: 86%.

Explanation: A 2012 *Los Angeles Times* study revealed that 86% of Academy members were 50 or older at the time of the study.

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Why did sound engineers Tom Fleischman and Peter Kurland resign from the Academy in 2022?

Answer: Citing changes to the broadcast of the 94th Academy Awards ceremony.

Explanation: Tom Fleischman and Peter Kurland resigned from the Academy in 2022 in protest of changes to the 94th Academy Awards broadcast, specifically the decision to present certain categories during commercial breaks.

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