Explanation: The Accipitridae family includes a diverse range of small to large birds of prey, and their diet is varied, encompassing insects, small mammals, carrion, and even fruit, not exclusively large mammals.

Explanation: The Accipitridae family currently contains 256 species, divided into 12 subfamilies and 75 genera, not 150 species, 8 subfamilies, and 50 genera.

Explanation: The Accipitridae family has a varied diet, including insects, small mammals, and fruit, with only some species specializing in carrion, making the statement 'exclusively carrion' incorrect.

Explanation: The Accipitridae family currently contains 256 species, divided into 12 subfamilies and 75 genera.

Explanation: The Osprey is typically placed in a separate family, Pandionidae, and is not included in the Accipitridae family.

Explanation: The temporal range of the Accipitridae family indeed extends from the Eocene epoch, approximately 50 million years ago, to the present day.

Explanation: Karyotype data, which involves studying the number and structure of chromosomes, indicates that the accipitrids analyzed form a distinct monophyletic group.

Explanation: Historically, the classification of accipitrids was often disputed due to similar morphology, and molecular studies have largely resolved this phylogenetic uncertainty, rather than introducing new ones.

Explanation: Accipitrids are genetically unique for exhibiting strikingly few microchromosomes, not an unusually high number, indicating significant chromosomal restructuring.

Explanation: The current genus-level cladogram of Accipitridae is indeed based on a densely sampled molecular phylogenetic study published in 2024 by Therese Catanach and collaborators.

Explanation: The fossil record for Accipitridae is fairly complete from the latter Eocene period, and modern genera are well-documented since the Early Oligocene, not just the Late Miocene.

Explanation: The fossil genus *Pengana* suggests that accipitrids likely acquired a rapid global distribution, potentially even extending to Antarctica initially.

Explanation: The temporal range of the Accipitridae family extends from the Eocene epoch, approximately 50 million years ago, to the present day.

Explanation: Karyotype data, which involves studying the number and structure of chromosomes, indicates that the accipitrids analyzed form a distinct monophyletic group.

Explanation: Molecular studies have largely resolved much of the phylogenetic uncertainty that historically existed in classifying Accipitridae due to similar morphologies.

Explanation: Accipitrids are genetically distinctive for exhibiting strikingly few microchromosomes, indicating significant chromosomal restructuring during their evolution.

Explanation: The current genus-level cladogram of Accipitridae is based on a densely sampled molecular phylogenetic study published in 2024 by Therese Catanach and collaborators.

Explanation: The fossil record for Accipitridae is fairly complete from the latter Eocene period, approximately 35 million years ago, onwards.

Explanation: The fossil genus *Pengana* suggests that accipitrids likely acquired a rapid global distribution, potentially even extending to Antarctica initially.

Explanation: The palm-nut vulture and the Egyptian vulture belong to the Gypaetinae subfamily, while the Elaninae subfamily includes kites such as the pearl kite and scissor-tailed kite.

Explanation: The Philippine eagle (*Pithecophaga*) is indeed listed as a notable genus within the Circaetinae subfamily.

Explanation: The Aquilinae subfamily includes the crowned eagle (*Stephanoaetus*), martial eagle (*Polemaetus*), and eleven species of *Aquila* eagles, among others.

Explanation: The Harpiinae subfamily indeed includes the harpy eagle (*Harpia*), crested eagle (*Morphnus*), and the bat hawk (*Macheiramphus*).

Explanation: The genus *Lophospiza*, comprising two species of goshawks, was indeed formerly classified under *Accipiter*.

Explanation: The Elaninae subfamily includes the genus *Elanus*, which comprises four species of kites. *Gypohierax* is in Gypaetinae, *Polyboroides* in Polyboroidinae, and *Spilornis* in Circaetinae.

Explanation: The Polyboroidinae subfamily includes the genus *Polyboroides*, which consists of two species of harrier-hawks.

Explanation: The Gypaetinae subfamily features the palm-nut vulture, Egyptian vulture, and bearded vulture. The hooded vulture (*Necrosyrtes*) belongs to the Aegypiinae subfamily.

Explanation: The Philippine eagle (*Pithecophaga*) is a notable genus within the Circaetinae subfamily.

Explanation: The Aegypiinae subfamily includes *Gyps* (eight species of vultures). *Neophron*, *Gypaetus*, and *Gypohierax* are all part of the Gypaetinae subfamily.

Explanation: The Aquilinae subfamily includes the crowned eagle (*Stephanoaetus*). The harpy eagle and Papuan eagle are in Harpiinae, and the Philippine eagle is in Circaetinae.

Explanation: The Harpiinae subfamily includes the harpy eagle (*Harpia*) and the bat hawk (*Macheiramphus*).

Explanation: The Lophospizinae subfamily includes the genus *Lophospiza*, which comprises two species of goshawks that were formerly classified under *Accipiter*.

Explanation: The pearl kite (*Gampsonyx swainsonii*) and the little sparrowhawk (*Accipiter minullus*) are indeed the smallest extant Accipitridae species, both weighing approximately 85 g (3 oz).

Explanation: The largest known extinct Accipitridae species was the Haast's eagle, which surpassed even modern huge vultures in size, weighing 15 to 16.5 kg (33 to 36 lb) in the largest females.

Explanation: Accipitrid beaks are indeed strong and hooked, and some species are noted to have a notch or 'tooth' in the upper mandible.

Explanation: Accipitridae plumage rarely uses bright colors, typically featuring combinations of white, grey, buff, brown, and black. Sexual dimorphism in plumage is uncommon.

Explanation: Most Old World vultures indeed have bare, featherless heads, which is thought to prevent soiling of feathers while feeding on carrion and to aid in thermoregulation.

Explanation: Accipitridae possess exceptional vision, highly adapted for hunting, and while they have functioning olfactory systems, sight is generally their primary sense for hunting.

Explanation: The largest extant Accipitridae species is the cinereous vulture (*Aegypius monachus*).

Explanation: Accipitridae plumage tends to be paler on their undersides, which helps them blend in when viewed from below.

Explanation: Most Old World vultures have bare, featherless heads to prevent soiling of feathers while feeding on carrion and to aid in thermoregulation.

Explanation: Accipitridae possess exceptional vision, highly adapted for hunting, which is generally their primary sense for locating prey.

Explanation: Harriers usually hunt by hovering over open areas until they detect prey, while buteonine hawks typically watch for prey from a perch but also hunt on the wing.

Explanation: *Accipiter* hawks are indeed generally forest and thicket dwellers that primarily prey on other birds, often ambushing them in dense vegetation.

Explanation: The lammergeier, an aberrant Old World vulture, is unique for its strong feet used to carry and drop large bones, cracking them open to feed on bone marrow.

Explanation: The palm-nut vulture (*Gypohierax angolensis*) is an unusual accipitrid known for a diet where fruit can constitute more than half of its food intake.

Explanation: The diet of honey-buzzards indeed includes not only adult and young social insects but also the honey and combs from their nests.

Explanation: The snail kite, slender-billed kite, and hook-billed kites are specialists in consuming snails, which typically make up 50-95% of their diet, not fish.

Explanation: A key characteristic of 'booted eagles' is the feathering that covers their legs.

Explanation: Large eagles can indeed hunt ungulates and other large animals weighing over 30 kg, which is 7-8 times their own mass, by dismembering the prey and transporting it piece by piece.

Explanation: The *Haliaeetus* eagles (sea eagles) and the Osprey primarily prey on fish, not small mammals.

Explanation: The Bateleur is indeed a striking aberration of the snake-eagle lineage, characterized by unusually bright adult plumage and an extensive diet of carrion and other opportunistic food sources.

Explanation: Harriers usually hunt by hovering over open areas until they detect prey, then descending upon it.

Explanation: *Accipiter* hawks, generally forest and thicket dwellers, primarily prey on other birds.

Explanation: The lammergeier is unique for its strong feet, which it uses to carry and drop large bones, cracking them open to feed on bone marrow.

Explanation: The palm-nut vulture (*Gypohierax angolensis*) is an unusual accipitrid known for a diet where fruit can constitute more than half of its food intake.

Explanation: The diet of honey-buzzards includes adult and young social insects, as well as the honey and combs from their nests.

Explanation: The snail kite, slender-billed kite, and hook-billed kites are specialists in consuming snails, which typically make up 50-95% of their diet.

Explanation: A key characteristic of 'booted eagles' is the feathering that covers their legs.

Explanation: When prey is considerably heavier than the raptor, eagles will either leave the kill site and return repeatedly to feed, or dismember the prey and transport it piece by piece.

Explanation: The *Haliaeetus* eagles (sea eagles) and the Osprey primarily prey on fish.

Explanation: Most accipitrids display sexual dimorphism in size with females typically being larger than males, which is unusual for birds, and this difference is most pronounced in active bird-hunting species.

Explanation: Accipitrids share several reproductive characteristics, including strong devotion of breeding pairs to each other or their nesting site, and fierce territorial behavior.

Explanation: In forest-dwelling accipitrids, vocalizations are primarily used to establish territories, as display flights are less practical in dense habitats.

Explanation: The Harris's hawk (*Parabuteo unicinctus*) is indeed an extreme example of cooperative breeding, with up to seven fully-grown birds assisting in raising young.

Explanation: Accipitrids often reuse nest sites repeatedly, adding material each season, which can result in very large nests.

Explanation: Accipitrids typically lay a relatively small clutch of eggs at intervals, resulting in hatchlings of different sizes and developmental stages.

Explanation: Siblicide is occasionally observed in many accipitrid species and almost always occurs in some, particularly tropical booted eagles.

Explanation: In most accipitrids, the male typically provides food for the female and nestlings, and most Old World vultures feed their young by regurgitation.

Explanation: After becoming independent, young accipitrids typically wander for 1 to 5 years before reaching maturity and often have distinct immature plumages, not immediately forming breeding pairs with mature plumage.

Explanation: Most accipitrids display sexual dimorphism in size, with females typically being larger than males.

Explanation: Accipitrids share several reproductive characteristics, including strong devotion of breeding pairs to each other or their nesting site.

Explanation: In forest-dwelling accipitrids, vocalizations are primarily used to establish territories, as display flights are less practical in dense habitats.

Explanation: The Harris's hawk (*Parabuteo unicinctus*) is known for its extreme cooperative breeding behavior, involving up to seven fully-grown birds.

Explanation: Accipitrids often reuse nest sites repeatedly, adding material each season, which can result in very large nests.

Explanation: Accipitrids lay eggs at intervals, which results in hatchlings of different sizes and developmental stages due to asynchronous hatching.

Explanation: Most Old World vultures feed their young by regurgitation.

Explanation: After becoming independent, young accipitrids typically wander for considerable periods, ranging from 1 to 5 years, before reaching maturity.