Explanation: The adessive case fundamentally signifies location *at*, *upon*, or *adjacent to* a referent, not movement towards it. Movement towards a destination is typically indicated by cases such as the allative or illative.

Explanation: The abbreviation 'ADE', often presented in small caps, is indeed commonly used to denote the adessive case in linguistic contexts.

Explanation: The term 'adessive case' originates from the Latin word 'adesse,' meaning 'to be present (at),' which is composed of 'ad' (at) and 'esse' (to be). It does not stem from a Greek root.

Explanation: The adessive case is most prominently studied and applied within the context of Uralic languages, such as Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian, rather than Germanic languages.

Explanation: The primary function of the adessive case is to denote location at, upon, or adjacent to the referent. It does not typically indicate movement towards a destination, containment within a location, or causality.

Explanation: The adessive case is most frequently studied and applied within the linguistic framework of Uralic languages, including Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian.

Explanation: The term 'adessive case' derives from the Latin verb 'adesse,' meaning 'to be present (at),' which itself is composed of 'ad' (at) and 'esse' (to be).

Explanation: The commonly used abbreviation for the adessive case is 'ADE', often presented in small capital letters.

Explanation: The Latin prefix 'ad-' in 'adessive' signifies 'at,' contributing to the case's core meaning of location at or upon a referent.

Explanation: The fundamental meaning of the adessive case in Uralic languages is typically 'on' or 'at,' indicating location upon a surface or adjacent to a referent, rather than 'in' or 'inside,' which is characteristic of the inessive case.

Explanation: In Uralic languages like Finnish and Hungarian, the adessive case is generally considered the fourth locative case, not the third.

Explanation: Hungarian is listed among the Uralic languages that employ the adessive case, alongside Finnish and Estonian.

Explanation: In Finnish, the adessive case is typically considered the fourth locative case, following the inessive, elative, and illative cases in many grammatical analyses.

Explanation: Yes, Finnish utilizes the suffixes -lla or -llä to indicate the adessive case, with the specific choice governed by the principles of vowel harmony.

Explanation: The Finnish phrase 'pöydällä' means 'on the table,' not 'under the table.' It correctly employs the adessive case to denote location upon a surface.

Explanation: Indeed, Finnish employs an existential construction for possession, where the possessor is in the adessive case and the verb 'olla' (to be) is used, idiomatically translating to 'X has Y'.

Explanation: Correct. The Finnish adessive form 'junalla' indicates the means or instrument by which an action is performed, translating to 'by train'.

Explanation: The Finnish adessive case is not limited to spatial location; it can also convey temporal meanings, such as 'during' or 'in' a particular period, like 'Aamulla' (In the morning).

Explanation: No, 'koululla' (adessive) signifies being 'at the school,' indicating proximity or presence on the school grounds, rather than being strictly 'inside' the building, which would be expressed by the inessive case ('koulussa').

Explanation: The correct Finnish adessive form for 'on the table' is 'pöydällä'. 'Pöydässä' is the inessive case, meaning 'in the table'.

Explanation: The suffix -llä is used when vowel harmony requires a front vowel. The suffix -lla is used when vowel harmony dictates the use of a back vowel.

Explanation: No, 'koululla' (adessive) signifies being 'at the school' (proximity or grounds), not strictly 'inside the school building,' which is conveyed by the inessive case 'koulussa'.

Explanation: Yes, the Finnish phrase 'minulla on koira' is an idiomatic expression meaning 'I have a dog,' illustrating the use of the adessive case with 'olla' for possession.

Explanation: The Finnish adessive case conveys meanings such as location on a surface, instrumentality, and possession. Movement into a location is typically expressed by the illative case.

Explanation: Finnish expresses possession via an existential construction where the possessor is in the adessive case, the possessed item is the subject, and the verb 'olla' (to be) is used. This structure idiomatically means 'X has Y'.

Explanation: The Finnish adessive form 'junalla' indicates the means or instrument of transport, translating to 'by train'.

Explanation: In Finnish, 'koululla' (adessive) signifies proximity or presence 'at the school' (e.g., on the grounds), while 'koulussa' (inessive) denotes being 'inside the school building'.

Explanation: The Finnish adessive case can indicate temporal duration or occurrence within a period. 'Keväällä' (during the spring) is an example of this temporal usage.

Explanation: The Finnish adessive form 'Aamulla' signifies 'In the morning,' illustrating the temporal function of the adessive case.

Explanation: In Finnish, the adessive case is conventionally considered the fourth in the series of locative cases, following the inessive, elative, and illative.

Explanation: In the sentence 'He went to Helsinki by train,' the Finnish adessive case applied to 'train' ('junalla') signifies the means of transport used for the journey.

Explanation: 'Koululla' in the Finnish adessive case signifies proximity or presence 'at the school,' rather than being strictly inside, outside, or moving towards it.

Explanation: In Estonian, the adessive case is typically formed by adding the ending '-l' to the genitive stem of a noun, not the nominative form.

Explanation: Yes, in Estonian, the adessive case can be used to indicate ownership. The phrase 'mehel on auto' translates to 'the man has a car,' with 'mehel' being the adessive form of 'man'.

Explanation: According to the source material, the Hungarian adessive case does not typically carry the specific 'on top of' meaning that is characteristic of its Finnic relatives.

Explanation: Estonian utilizes the adessive case not only for location but also for indicating ownership, demonstrating a broader functional scope than just surface location.

Explanation: In Estonian, the adessive case is generally formed by appending the suffix '-l' to the genitive stem of a noun.

Explanation: In Estonian, the adessive case is utilized not only for locative functions but also to express possession, as demonstrated in phrases like 'mehel on auto' (the man owns a car).

Explanation: The Hungarian adessive case, unlike its Finnic relatives, generally does not convey the specific meaning of 'on top of.' Its primary functions relate to location at or upon a surface.

Explanation: Yes, Lezgian and Hunzib are specifically mentioned as Northeast Caucasian languages that utilize an adessive case.

Explanation: Contrary to that statement, the source indicates that Ossetic languages do indeed employ an adessive case or a functionally equivalent grammatical feature.

Explanation: Archaic varieties of Lithuanian are mentioned as languages that exhibit an adessive case or a functionally similar grammatical feature, alongside Uralic and Northeast Caucasian languages.

Explanation: Northeast Caucasian languages, such as Lezgian and Hunzib, are noted for their use of an adessive case, demonstrating its presence beyond the Uralic family.

Explanation: The navbox categorizes cases related to location, time, and direction under a distinct heading titled 'Location, time, direction,' not 'Morphosyntactic alignment'.

Explanation: Within the navbox, cases like Ablative and Delative are associated with movement *away from* a place or origin, not towards it. Movement towards a destination is indicated by cases like Allative or Illative.

Explanation: Yes, the Allative and Illative cases, as categorized in the navbox, are specifically used to denote movement towards a particular destination.

Explanation: Correct. The Comitative case, found under the 'Possession, companion, instrument' category in the navbox, signifies accompaniment or association with another entity.

Explanation: The Instrumental case is used to indicate the means or instrument by which an action is performed. The state of being or manner of occurrence is typically denoted by the Essive case.

Explanation: The Essive case signifies a state of being or the manner in which something occurs, not the means or instrument of an action. That function belongs to the Instrumental case.

Explanation: Yes, the Causal case, categorized under 'Cause, purpose' in the navbox, is used to denote the reason or motive for an action.

Explanation: The Instrumental case, found within the 'Possession, companion, instrument' category of the navbox, is specifically used to indicate the means or tool employed in performing an action.

Explanation: Within the 'State, manner' classification of the navbox, the Essive case denotes a state of being or describes the manner in which something occurs.

Explanation: The Allative case, as described in the navbox, is used to denote movement towards a destination.