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Agustín Aznar Gerner was a prominent physician specializing in cardiology prior to becoming a key figure in the Falange during the Spanish Civil War.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Agustín Aznar Gerner was a medical doctor specializing in haematology, not cardiology.
Aznar's political engagement commenced during his student years, when he founded and led the Falangist student union, the Sindicato Español Universitario, in 1935.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Aznar's political involvement began during his student days, leading him to found and lead the Sindicato Español Universitario in 1935.
Agustín Aznar was recognized for his intellectual acumen and reserved disposition, rather than physical strength, during his early political career.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source describes Aznar as a 'burly adventurer' who held the Greco-Roman wrestling title in Castille, indicating a reputation for physical strength, not a quiet demeanor or intellectual prowess.
What was Agustín Aznar Gerner's principal academic specialization?
Answer: Haematology
Explanation: The source states that Agustín Aznar was a medical doctor specializing in haematology.
What was the name and profession of Agustín Aznar's father?
Answer: Severino Aznar, a sociology lecturer
Explanation: The source states that Agustín Aznar's father was Severino Aznar, an academic who lectured in sociology.
In which year did Agustín Aznar establish and lead the Falangist student union, the Sindicato Español Universitario?
Answer: 1935
Explanation: The source indicates that Agustín Aznar founded and led the Sindicato Español Universitario in 1935.
What notable physical accomplishment was Aznar recognized for during his early political career?
Answer: Holding the Greco-Roman wrestling title in Castille
Explanation: The source states that Aznar held the Greco-Roman wrestling title in Castille.
At the commencement of the Spanish Civil War, Aznar was appointed 'jefe' of the national militias, succeeding Luis Aguilar.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that at the beginning of the Civil War, Aznar was appointed 'jefe' of the national militias, succeeding Luis Aguilar, who had been killed.
Aznar successfully orchestrated the liberation of Falangist leader José Antonio Primo de Rivera from imprisonment via a bribery scheme involving the German consul in 1936.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source explicitly states that the bribery scheme to free José Antonio Primo de Rivera failed, and Aznar narrowly avoided capture himself.
Agustín Aznar vigorously advocated for the integration of Falangist militias into a unified Nationalist force under Juan Yagüe, perceiving it as a means to fortify the movement.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Aznar vigorously campaigned *against* the incorporation of Falangist militias into a united Nationalist force, due to his suspicion of Carlism associated with Yagüe.
Subsequent to Primo de Rivera's execution, Aznar and Sancho Dávila y Fernández de Celis established the 'legitimistas' group, challenging Manuel Hedilla's leadership within the Falange.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that after Primo de Rivera's execution, Aznar and Sancho Dávila y Fernández de Celis formed the 'legitimistas' group, which opposed Manuel Hedilla's leadership within the Falange.
On April 16, 1937, Aznar endeavored to seize control of the Falange by deposing Manuel Hedilla and instituting a triumvirate.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that on April 16, 1937, Aznar used his militia to depose Manuel Hedilla and established a triumvirate to lead the Falange.
Manuel Hedilla successfully retained control of the Falangist Headquarters against Aznar's forces without external intervention.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Manuel Hedilla recaptured the Falangist Headquarters by enlisting the help of Finnish fascist Carl von Haartman, demonstrating external assistance was involved.
Francisco Franco intervened in the Falange's power struggle by publicly endorsing Aznar and ordering Hedilla's arrest.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source states that Franco intervened by publicly backing Hedilla and ordering the arrest of Aznar and his associates, not the other way around.
Following his initial imprisonment, Aznar was entirely dissociated from Franco's movement and occupied no subsequent positions.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Aznar was quickly reconciled with Franco's movement after his initial imprisonment and was appointed to the post of assessor of militias.
How did the Spanish Civil War personally commence for Agustín Aznar?
Answer: He began the war in prison but was quickly released.
Explanation: The source states that Aznar began the Spanish Civil War in prison but was quickly released after Nationalist forces took control of the area.
Whom did Aznar succeed as 'jefe' of the national militias at the commencement of the Civil War?
Answer: Luis Aguilar
Explanation: The source states that Aznar was appointed 'jefe' of the national militias, succeeding Luis Aguilar.
What was the result of Aznar's collaboration with Hans Joachim von Knobloch in the attempt to liberate José Antonio Primo de Rivera?
Answer: The plan failed, and Aznar narrowly avoided capture.
Explanation: The source states that the scheme to free Primo de Rivera failed, and Aznar narrowly avoided capture himself.
What was Aznar's rationale for campaigning against the integration of Falangist militias into a unified Nationalist force under Juan Yagüe?
Answer: He suspected Carlism associated with Yagüe and other generals.
Explanation: The source states that Aznar campaigned against the incorporation of militias due to his suspicion of Carlism associated with Yagüe and other generals.
Who were the principal figures of the 'legitimistas' group that challenged Manuel Hedilla within the Falange?
Answer: Agustín Aznar and Sancho Dávila y Fernández de Celis
Explanation: The source identifies Agustín Aznar and Sancho Dávila y Fernández de Celis as the leading figures in the 'legitimistas' group.
How did Manuel Hedilla reassert control of the Falangist Headquarters following Aznar's coup on April 16, 1937?
Answer: He enlisted the help of Finnish fascist Carl von Haartman.
Explanation: The source states that Manuel Hedilla recaptured the Falangist Headquarters by enlisting the help of Finnish fascist Carl von Haartman.
What was Franco's immediate strategic action subsequent to his intervention in the Falange's internal conflict?
Answer: He announced the formation of FET y de las JONS, bringing the Falange under his direct control.
Explanation: The source states that Franco immediately announced the formation of FET y de las JONS, effectively neutralizing the Falange's independent power and bringing it under his direct control.
Following his initial imprisonment by Franco, what new role was Aznar assigned?
Answer: Assessor of militias
Explanation: The source states that after his initial imprisonment, Aznar was appointed to the post of assessor of militias.
In 1938, Aznar, in his capacity as a member of the 'Junta Politica,' endeavored to radicalize Franco's movement, aligning it with the tenets of Italian fascism and Nazism.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that in 1938, Aznar, as a member of the 'Junta Politica,' attempted to radicalize the movement along the lines of Italian fascism and Nazism.
Aznar's radicalization proposals in 1938 were presented to the 'Junta Politica' by Fernando González Vélez.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that the proposals of the Aznar group were delivered to the 'Junta Politica' by Dionisio Ridruejo, not Fernando González Vélez.
Franco endorsed Aznar's radicalization initiatives in 1938, viewing them as advantageous for the movement's ideological integrity.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source states that Franco sided against Aznar, imprisoning him and Fernando González Vélez for their plot, indicating he did not support these efforts.
Aznar joined the Blue Division during World War II due to his disillusionment with the conservative trajectory of the Franco regime, seeking a more radical fascist alignment.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source explicitly states that Aznar joined the Blue Division because he was disenchanted with the conservative path of the Franco regime and sought a more radical fascist alignment.
During his service in the Blue Division, Aznar occupied a significant governmental position as the National Delegate for Foreign Affairs.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Aznar held the 'fairly minor role' of National Delegate for Health, not Foreign Affairs, concurrently with his service in the Blue Division.
Subsequent to his military service, Aznar endeavored to strengthen relations between Spain and Nazi Germany by initiating a program for Spanish physicians to work in German hospitals.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that after his war service, Aznar instigated a program for Spanish doctors to work in German hospitals, fostering professional exchange and strengthening ties with Nazi Germany.
Between 1941 and 1943, Aznar was a member of the Blue Division, engaged in combat on the Eastern Front during World War II.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that between 1941 and 1943, Agustín Aznar was part of the Blue Division, fighting alongside the German Army on the Eastern Front during World War II.
In 1938, Aznar, in conjunction with Fernando González Vélez, endeavored to radicalize Franco's movement, aligning it with which specific ideologies?
Answer: Italian fascism and Nazism
Explanation: The source states that Aznar and Fernando González Vélez attempted to radicalize the movement along the lines of Italian fascism and Nazism.
Who presented the proposals of Aznar's radicalization group to the 'Junta Politica' in 1938?
Answer: Dionisio Ridruejo
Explanation: The source states that the proposals of the Aznar group were delivered to the 'Junta Politica' by Dionisio Ridruejo.
What was Franco's reaction to Aznar's 1938 attempt to radicalize the movement?
Answer: He imprisoned Aznar and Fernando González Vélez for their plot.
Explanation: The source states that Franco imprisoned both Aznar and Fernando González Vélez for their plot to radicalize the movement.
When was Aznar released from his second incarceration, and what was his subsequent standing?
Answer: November 1939, he was permitted to return to a degree of prominence.
Explanation: The source states that Aznar was released in November 1939 and was permitted to return to a degree of prominence within the party.
What was Aznar's motivation for joining the Blue Division during the Second World War?
Answer: To pursue a more radical fascist alignment due to disenchantment with Franco's regime.
Explanation: The source states that Aznar joined the Blue Division because he was disenchanted with the conservative path of the Franco regime and sought a more radical fascist alignment.
Which other original Falangist joined the Blue Division concurrently with Aznar?
Answer: Dionisio Ridruejo
Explanation: The source mentions Dionisio Ridruejo as another original Falangist who joined the Blue Division with Aznar.
What governmental role did Aznar occupy concurrently with his military service in the Blue Division?
Answer: National Delegate for Health
Explanation: The source states that Aznar held the role of National Delegate for Health concurrently with his service in the Blue Division.
How did Aznar contribute to the reinforcement of ties between Spain and Nazi Germany subsequent to his military service?
Answer: He instigated a program for Spanish doctors to work in German hospitals.
Explanation: The source states that Aznar instigated a program for Spanish doctors to work in German hospitals, which fostered professional exchange and strengthened ties.
Agustín Aznar was marginalized within the Franco government in 1945 owing to his persistent advocacy for a pro-communist foreign policy.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates Aznar was sidelined in 1945 because Franco adopted a new pro-western and *anti-communist* foreign policy, not because Aznar advocated for a pro-communist policy.
Notwithstanding his marginalization in 1945, Aznar maintained a position on the Falange's 'Junta Politica' until 1958.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that despite being sidelined, Aznar retained a post on the Falange's 'Junta Politica' until 1958.
Aznar received an appointment to the Cortes Españolas in 1961, where he functioned as an influential legislative leader.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source describes the Cortes Españolas, to which Aznar was appointed in 1961, as a 'largely ceremonial body possessing little real power,' not a powerful legislative leadership role.
In 1976, Aznar cast a vote in favor of repealing the ban on political parties in the Cortes Españolas, thereby aligning with the transition to democracy.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source states that in 1976, Aznar was one of the deputies who voted *against* the lifting of the ban on political parties, indicating his opposition to the transition to democracy.
Agustín Aznar's political engagement concluded with the restoration of constitutional monarchy in Spain.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source explicitly states that Agustín Aznar's political involvement concluded with the restoration of constitutional monarchy in Spain.
Subsequent to his political career, Aznar became a university professor of sociology, emulating his father's academic path.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that after his political career, Aznar returned to his medical profession, becoming the head of the blood transfusion service in a Madrid hospital, not a sociology professor.
Aznar served as a Member of the Cortes Españolas for a period of ten years, specifically from 1961 to 1971.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Aznar served as a Member of the Cortes Españolas for fifteen years, from 1961 to 1976, not ten years.
What was the reason for Aznar's marginalization within the Franco government in 1945?
Answer: Franco adopted a new pro-western and anti-communist foreign policy.
Explanation: The source states that Aznar was sidelined in 1945 because Franco adopted a new pro-western and anti-communist foreign policy.
Notwithstanding his marginalization, until what year did Aznar retain a position on the Falange's 'Junta Politica'?
Answer: 1958
Explanation: The source indicates that Aznar retained a post on the Falange's 'Junta Politica' until 1958.
What characterized the Cortes Españolas, to which Aznar received an appointment in 1961?
Answer: A largely ceremonial body possessing little real power.
Explanation: The source describes the Cortes Españolas as a 'largely ceremonial body possessing little real power'.
What significant action did Aznar undertake in the Cortes Españolas in 1976?
Answer: He voted against the lifting of the ban on political parties.
Explanation: The source states that Aznar was one of the deputies who voted against the lifting of the ban on political parties in 1976.
What event signaled the conclusion of Agustín Aznar's political engagement?
Answer: The restoration of constitutional monarchy in Spain.
Explanation: The source states that Agustín Aznar's political involvement concluded with the restoration of constitutional monarchy in Spain.
What was Agustín Aznar's ultimate professional role subsequent to the cessation of his political career?
Answer: Head of the blood transfusion service in a Madrid hospital.
Explanation: The source states that after his political career, Aznar served as the head of the blood transfusion service in a Madrid hospital.
What was the length of Aznar's service as a Member of the Cortes Españolas?
Answer: 15 years
Explanation: The source states that Agustín Aznar served as a Member of the Cortes Españolas for fifteen years, from 1961 to 1976.
According to Spanish naming conventions, Agustín Aznar Gerner's paternal surname is Gerner, and his maternal family name is Aznar.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source clarifies that in the Spanish naming convention, Aznar is the paternal surname and Gerner is the maternal family name, which is the opposite of the statement.
Agustín Aznar maintained military allegiance to both Spain and Nazi Germany throughout his service.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that Agustín Aznar held military allegiance to both Spain and Nazi Germany, reflecting his involvement in both the Spanish Civil War and World War II on the side of the Axis powers.
Aznar served solely within the Spanish Army throughout his military career.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Aznar served in both the Spanish Army and the Heer (German Army), not exclusively in the Spanish Army.
Agustín Aznar was awarded the Iron Cross, a military decoration, for his valor.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that Agustín Aznar received the Iron Cross, a military decoration awarded for bravery in battle or outstanding military leadership.
Agustín Aznar was born and passed away in Madrid, Spain.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Agustín Aznar Gerner was born and died in Madrid, Spain.
According to Spanish naming convention, which component represents the paternal surname in 'Agustín Aznar Gerner'?
Answer: Aznar
Explanation: The source explains that in a Spanish name like Agustín Aznar Gerner, the first or paternal surname is Aznar.
What military decoration was bestowed upon Agustín Aznar?
Answer: The Iron Cross
Explanation: The source states that Agustín Aznar received the Iron Cross.
In which two principal conflicts did Agustín Aznar participate?
Answer: The Spanish Civil War and World War II
Explanation: The source states that Agustín Aznar participated in the Spanish Civil War and World War II.