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The American Negro Academy (ANA) was founded in the early 20th century, specifically in 1905.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates the American Negro Academy was founded in 1897, not 1905.
The American Negro Academy was founded to support African Americans pursuing vocational skills.
Answer: False
Explanation: The ANA was founded to support African-American scholars and artists in classical academic studies and the liberal arts, not vocational skills.
The American Negro Academy aimed to foster intellectual development within the Black community through classical studies.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fostering intellectual development through classical academic studies and the liberal arts was a central aim of the American Negro Academy.
The American Negro Academy was founded in Washington D.C. in 1897.
Answer: True
Explanation: The American Negro Academy was indeed founded in Washington, D.C., in 1897.
The American Negro Academy's primary objective was to support African-American scholars and artists engaged in classical academic studies and the liberal arts.
Answer: True
Explanation: Supporting African-American scholars and artists in classical academic studies and the liberal arts was the primary objective of the American Negro Academy.
What was the primary focus of the American Negro Academy (ANA)?
Answer: Supporting African-American scholars and artists in classical academic studies and the liberal arts.
Explanation: The ANA's primary focus was to support African-American scholars and artists engaged in classical academic studies and the liberal arts, fostering intellectual development.
In what year was the American Negro Academy founded?
Answer: 1897
Explanation: The American Negro Academy was founded in 1897.
What did Alexander Crummell envision as the ultimate goal for the influence of Black intellectuals?
Answer: To influence schools, pulpits, families, and homes with intelligence and ambition.
Explanation: Alexander Crummell envisioned that Black intellectuals would exert influence across various societal spheres, including schools, pulpits, families, and homes, fostering intelligence and ambition.
What did the founders of the American Negro Academy primarily consist of?
Answer: Authors, scholars, and artists.
Explanation: The founders of the American Negro Academy were primarily authors, scholars, and artists dedicated to intellectual advancement.
Alexander Crummell, the founding president of the ANA, was a historian.
Answer: False
Explanation: Alexander Crummell served as the founding president of the American Negro Academy and was an Episcopal priest, not primarily a historian.
W. E. B. Du Bois was a founding member of the American Negro Academy.
Answer: False
Explanation: While W. E. B. Du Bois was present at the first meeting and associated with the American Negro Academy, the source does not explicitly identify him as a founding member in the initial organizing group, though he was a significant early participant.
Kelly Miller, a founding member, was known for his work in mathematics and was the first Black graduate student at Johns Hopkins University.
Answer: True
Explanation: Kelly Miller, a founding member of the ANA, was recognized for his work in mathematics and was the first Black graduate student at Johns Hopkins University.
James Weldon Johnson, a prominent civil rights advocate, was a founding president of the ANA.
Answer: False
Explanation: While James Weldon Johnson was a prominent civil rights advocate and associated with the ANA, Alexander Crummell served as its founding president.
Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, a historian and activist associated with the ANA, also founded the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture.
Answer: True
Explanation: Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, a notable historian and activist connected to the ANA, is indeed the founder of the renowned Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture.
Robert Tecumtha Browne served as vice president of the ANA in 1921 and delivered a keynote address on astrophysics.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Robert Tecumtha Browne served as vice president in 1921 and delivered a keynote address, the topic was "Einstein's Theory of Relativity," not specifically astrophysics.
Archibald Grimké, according to Moss, was criticized for prioritizing self-serving interests over the ANA's mission.
Answer: True
Explanation: According to Alfred A. Moss Jr., Archibald Grimké faced criticism for allegedly prioritizing self-serving interests over the broader mission of the American Negro Academy.
Alexander Crummell established the first independent Black Episcopal church in Philadelphia.
Answer: False
Explanation: Alexander Crummell established the first independent Black Episcopal church in Washington, D.C., not Philadelphia.
Francis J. Grimké, a founding member, was a scientist and professor of mathematics.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francis J. Grimké was a PhD holder and Presbyterian clergyman, not a scientist and professor of mathematics. Kelly Miller held that distinction.
Who served as the founding president of the American Negro Academy?
Answer: Alexander Crummell
Explanation: Alexander Crummell, an Episcopal priest, served as the founding president of the American Negro Academy.
Who is recognized as the founder of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture and was also a prominent member of the ANA?
Answer: Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
Explanation: Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, a historian and activist associated with the ANA, is also recognized as the founder of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture.
Which of the following individuals was associated with the ANA, co-founded the Negro Library Association, and published *The Mystery of Space*?
Answer: Robert Tecumtha Browne
Explanation: Robert Tecumtha Browne was associated with the ANA, co-founded the Negro Library Association, and published the work *The Mystery of Space*.
What was the title of the keynote address delivered by Robert Tecumtha Browne at the ANA in 1921?
Answer: Einstein's Theory of Relativity
Explanation: In 1921, Robert Tecumtha Browne delivered the keynote address at the ANA, titled "Einstein's Theory of Relativity."
Who was Alexander Crummell, in the context of the ANA?
Answer: The founding president and an Episcopal priest.
Explanation: Alexander Crummell served as the founding president of the American Negro Academy and was an Episcopal priest.
Which of the following individuals was NOT listed as a key founding member or associated prominent individual of the ANA?
Answer: Booker T. Washington
Explanation: While Paul Laurence Dunbar, John Hope, and W. E. B. Du Bois are listed as associated with or members of the ANA, Booker T. Washington is not mentioned in this context.
Who was Francis J. Grimké, mentioned as a founding member of the ANA?
Answer: A PhD holder and Presbyterian clergyman.
Explanation: Francis J. Grimké, a founding member of the ANA, was a PhD holder and a Presbyterian clergyman.
Which of the following individuals was a writer and prominent civil rights advocate associated with the NAACP, also listed as a member of the ANA?
Answer: James Weldon Johnson
Explanation: James Weldon Johnson, a notable writer and civil rights advocate with the NAACP, is listed as a prominent member associated with the American Negro Academy.
Who was W. E. B. Du Bois in relation to the ANA?
Answer: A co-founder of the NAACP associated with the ANA.
Explanation: W. E. B. Du Bois, a co-founder of the NAACP, was associated with the American Negro Academy and presented its second annual address.
The ANA's "Occasional Papers" were intended to disseminate scholarship and bolster the spirit of Black individuals facing disenfranchisement.
Answer: True
Explanation: The "Occasional Papers" series was indeed designed by the ANA to disseminate scholarly work and to provide encouragement and intellectual support to African Americans confronting disenfranchisement and systemic discrimination.
Robert Tecumtha Browne published *The Mystery of Space* in 1919, a work praised by the mainstream press.
Answer: True
Explanation: Robert Tecumtha Browne's 1919 publication, *The Mystery of Space*, was indeed praised by the mainstream press.
Robert Tecumtha Browne concealed his race when publishing *The Mystery of Space* due to the book's focus on abstract mathematics.
Answer: False
Explanation: Robert Tecumtha Browne concealed his race when publishing *The Mystery of Space*, anticipating potential industry biases, not solely due to the book's focus on abstract mathematics.
What was the purpose of the ANA's "Occasional Papers" series?
Answer: To disseminate scholarship and bolster the spirit of Black individuals facing disenfranchisement.
Explanation: The "Occasional Papers" series was intended by the ANA to disseminate scholarly work and to provide intellectual encouragement to African Americans facing disenfranchisement.
What did Robert Tecumtha Browne's publication *The Mystery of Space* synthesize?
Answer: Mathematics, Eastern religious philosophy, theosophy, and mysticism.
Explanation: Robert Tecumtha Browne's *The Mystery of Space* synthesized mathematics, Eastern religious philosophy, theosophy, and mysticism.
What challenge did Robert Tecumtha Browne face when publishing *The Mystery of Space*?
Answer: He concealed his race, anticipating potential industry biases.
Explanation: Robert Tecumtha Browne concealed his race during the publication of *The Mystery of Space*, likely anticipating potential biases within the publishing industry.
How were copies of papers presented at the ANA meetings made available to interested parties?
Answer: Upon request to the secretary or through newspapers.
Explanation: Copies of papers presented at ANA meetings could be obtained upon request to the secretary or through newspapers.
The primary goal of the American Negro Academy was to promote vocational training for African Americans.
Answer: False
Explanation: The primary objective of the American Negro Academy was to support African-American scholars and artists in classical academic studies and the liberal arts, which contrasted with the emphasis on vocational training.
The ANA's educational philosophy aligned closely with Booker T. Washington's emphasis on industrial training.
Answer: False
Explanation: The American Negro Academy's philosophy centered on classical academic studies and the liberal arts, contrasting with Booker T. Washington's emphasis on vocational and industrial training.
The ANA was established shortly after the landmark Supreme Court decision *Brown v. Board of Education*.
Answer: False
Explanation: The American Negro Academy was founded in 1897, significantly preceding the *Brown v. Board of Education* decision (1954). It was established shortly after the *Plessy v. Ferguson* ruling (1896).
Black newspapers reacted negatively to the founding of the American Negro Academy, fearing it would overshadow existing institutions.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to this statement, Black newspapers generally expressed excitement and anticipation regarding the founding of the ANA, viewing it as a positive development for the race.
The concept of the "Talented Tenth," which influenced the ANA's mission, was proposed by Booker T. Washington.
Answer: False
Explanation: The concept of the "Talented Tenth" was proposed by W. E. B. Du Bois, not Booker T. Washington, and it aligned with the ANA's mission to support elite Black scholars.
The ANA's educational philosophy contrasted with Booker T. Washington's approach by emphasizing:
Answer: Classical academic studies and liberal arts over vocational training.
Explanation: The ANA emphasized classical academic studies and liberal arts, directly contrasting with Booker T. Washington's focus on vocational training.
Which significant Supreme Court decision, mentioned in the text, preceded the organization of the ANA?
Answer: Plessy v. Ferguson
Explanation: The American Negro Academy was organized shortly after the Supreme Court's 1896 decision in *Plessy v. Ferguson*, which upheld racial segregation.
According to the source, how did Black newspapers react to the founding of the American Negro Academy?
Answer: They expressed excitement and anticipation of its potential.
Explanation: Black newspapers generally reacted with excitement and anticipation to the founding of the ANA, viewing it as a positive force for racial advancement through education.
Which concept, proposed by W. E. B. Du Bois, aligned with the ANA's mission to support elite Black scholars?
Answer: The Talented Tenth
Explanation: W. E. B. Du Bois's concept of the "Talented Tenth," advocating for the intellectual leadership of educated Black elites, aligned with the ANA's mission.
What distinguished the ANA's approach from Booker T. Washington's Tuskegee University?
Answer: ANA emphasized classical studies, while Tuskegee emphasized vocational training.
Explanation: The ANA prioritized classical studies and liberal arts, contrasting with Tuskegee University's emphasis on vocational and industrial training under Booker T. Washington.
The ANA's existence and mission occurred in the context of which major legal precedent established in 1896?
Answer: The Supreme Court ruling in *Plessy v. Ferguson*
Explanation: The American Negro Academy was founded in 1897, shortly after the Supreme Court's 1896 ruling in *Plessy v. Ferguson*, which established the doctrine of "separate but equal."
The American Negro Academy operated for approximately fifty years.
Answer: False
Explanation: The American Negro Academy operated from 1897 to 1928, a period of approximately thirty-one years, not fifty.
The public was excluded from all sessions of the American Negro Academy's annual meetings.
Answer: False
Explanation: While business meetings were reserved for members, the public was invited to attend other sessions of the American Negro Academy's annual meetings.
The annual meetings of the American Negro Academy were typically held in New York City.
Answer: False
Explanation: The annual meetings of the ANA were typically held in Washington, D.C., often at Lincoln Temple United Church of Christ.
According to Alfred A. Moss Jr., the ANA's decline was primarily due to external political pressures.
Answer: False
Explanation: Alfred A. Moss Jr. suggested that the ANA's decline was primarily due to internal organizational challenges, such as difficulties in consistent organization, member recruitment, and fundraising, rather than external political pressures.
The ANA was founded by a small group of individuals, with only eight members present at its first meeting.
Answer: False
Explanation: The ANA was founded by a group of eighteen members who were present at its first meeting, not just eight.
The American Negro Academy operated until which year?
Answer: 1928
Explanation: The American Negro Academy operated from its founding in 1897 until its dissolution in 1928.
Where were the annual meetings of the American Negro Academy typically held?
Answer: Lincoln Temple United Church of Christ, Washington, D.C.
Explanation: The annual meetings of the American Negro Academy were typically held at Lincoln Temple United Church of Christ in Washington, D.C.
According to Alfred A. Moss Jr., what was a primary reason for the ANA's decline?
Answer: Inability to consistently organize and recruit members.
Explanation: Alfred A. Moss Jr. posited that the ANA's decline stemmed from persistent difficulties in organization, member recruitment, and securing adequate scholarship funds.
What was the general format of the ANA's annual meetings, according to the source?
Answer: A two-day event including reports, member discussions, an annual address, and paper presentations.
Explanation: The ANA's annual meetings typically spanned one to two days and included reports, member discussions, an annual address, and paper presentations.
What was the primary function of the ANA's annual address during meetings?
Answer: To deliver a formal speech, often followed by paper presentations.
Explanation: The annual address at ANA meetings served as a formal speech, typically followed by the presentation of papers and subsequent discussions.