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Antiochus III the Great presided over the Seleucid Empire for a period exceeding four decades.
Answer: False
Explanation: Antiochus III reigned for approximately 36 years (223 BC - 187 BC), which does not constitute 'over four decades'.
Upon his ascension, Antiochus III inherited a Seleucid Empire characterized by stability and prosperity.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to the assertion, Antiochus III inherited a disorganized state with significant territorial losses and internal instability.
Antiochus III was born in Rome circa 241 BC.
Answer: False
Explanation: Antiochus III was born near Susa, within the Seleucid Empire, around 241 BC, not in Rome.
The influential minister Hermeias provided counsel to Antiochus III throughout his entire reign until his demise.
Answer: False
Explanation: Hermeias's influence was significant during Antiochus III's early reign, but he was ultimately assassinated on Antiochus's orders, not serving throughout the entire reign.
Antiochus III personally directed the campaign that suppressed the rebellion of his cousin Achaeus in Asia Minor.
Answer: True
Explanation: Antiochus III personally led the military operations that resulted in the capture and execution of his cousin Achaeus, who had proclaimed himself king in Asia Minor.
Antiochus III's reign endured for approximately 36 years.
Answer: True
Explanation: Antiochus III reigned for approximately 36 years, from 223 BC to 187 BC.
Antiochus III's reign was marked by the detachment of eastern provinces such as Parthia and Bactria.
Answer: False
Explanation: The eastern provinces of Parthia and Bactria had already detached from the Seleucid Empire *before* Antiochus III's reign began; his efforts were aimed at their reconquest.
What was the approximate duration of Antiochus III's reign?
Answer: Approximately 36 years (223 BC - 187 BC)
Explanation: Antiochus III reigned for approximately 36 years, from 223 BC to 187 BC.
Which of the following provinces had achieved independence from the Seleucid Empire prior to Antiochus III's ascension?
Answer: Bactria and Parthia
Explanation: The eastern provinces of Bactria and Parthia had already seceded from Seleucid control before Antiochus III ascended to the throne.
Describe Antiochus III's resolution of the rebellion instigated by his cousin Achaeus.
Answer: He personally led a campaign, captured Achaeus, and had him executed.
Explanation: Antiochus III personally led the campaign against Achaeus, ultimately capturing and executing him after a protracted siege.
Identify a challenge that Antiochus III did NOT face during his early reign.
Answer: A major invasion by the Roman Republic into Syria.
Explanation: While Antiochus III eventually engaged in conflict with Rome, a major invasion by the Roman Republic into Syria did not occur during his early reign; the conflict began later.
Which statement accurately characterizes the state of the Seleucid Empire upon Antiochus III's accession?
Answer: It was a disorganized state with significant territorial losses, including eastern provinces.
Explanation: Upon his accession, Antiochus III inherited an empire that was disorganized and had experienced substantial territorial fragmentation, particularly in its eastern provinces.
What was the ultimate fate of the influential minister Hermeias during Antiochus III's early reign?
Answer: He was assassinated on Antiochus III's orders.
Explanation: The influential minister Hermeias, who advised Antiochus III during his early reign, was ultimately assassinated on the king's command.
Antiochus III campaigned successfully in Bactria, defeating Euthydemus I and arranging a marriage alliance.
Answer: True
Explanation: Antiochus III achieved military success in Bactria, defeating Euthydemus I and subsequently arranging a marriage alliance through his daughter.
Antiochus III's expedition into the Kabul valley facilitated contact with the Indian king Sophagasenus.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following his campaigns in Bactria, Antiochus III's expedition led him through the Kabul valley, where he encountered the Indian king Sophagasenus.
Antiochus III's expedition subsequent to his Bactrian campaign extended to the territory of which Indian monarch?
Answer: Sophagasenus
Explanation: Following his Bactrian campaign, Antiochus III's expedition reached the domain of the Indian king Sophagasenus.
Antiochus III's military campaign in 209 BC encompassed successful actions in which two key regions?
Answer: Parthia and Hyrcania
Explanation: In 209 BC, Antiochus III conducted a successful military campaign that included operations in Parthia and Hyrcania.
Antiochus III achieved a decisive victory over Ptolemy IV at the Battle of Raphia in 217 BC.
Answer: False
Explanation: Antiochus III suffered a significant defeat at the Battle of Raphia in 217 BC against Ptolemy IV, which resulted in the loss of territories previously gained.
Antiochus III's relationship with the Roman Republic transitioned from amicable to adversarial.
Answer: True
Explanation: Initially, relations were not overtly hostile, but Antiochus III's expansionist actions in Asia Minor and Thrace led to direct conflict and war with the Roman Republic.
Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, advocated for Antiochus III to initiate hostilities against the Roman Republic.
Answer: True
Explanation: Hannibal, residing at Antiochus III's court in exile, actively encouraged the king to wage war against Rome.
The Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC concluded with a decisive victory for the Roman forces over Antiochus III.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Battle of Magnesia ad Sipylum in 190 BC was a significant Roman victory, leading to the cession of territories west of the Taurus Mountains by Antiochus III under the Treaty of Apamea.
The Treaty of Apamea stipulated that Antiochus III must cede control over territories west of the Taurus Mountains.
Answer: True
Explanation: Under the terms of the Treaty of Apamea, Antiochus III was compelled to relinquish all territories west and north of the Taurus Mountains to the Roman Republic and its allies.
The Battle of Panium in 198 BC resulted in Antiochus III securing control over Judea.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following his victory at the Battle of Panium in 198 BC, Antiochus III gained control over Coele Syria and Judea, ending Ptolemaic rule in the region.
Antiochus III's defeat at the Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC) resulted in the Roman conquest of Asia Minor.
Answer: False
Explanation: The defeat at Thermopylae forced Antiochus III to retreat from Greece to Asia Minor, but it was the subsequent Battle of Magnesia that directly led to Roman dominance over Asia Minor.
What significant setback did Antiochus III experience at the Battle of Raphia in 217 BC?
Answer: His army was routed, and he lost significant territory.
Explanation: At the Battle of Raphia in 217 BC, Antiochus III was defeated by Ptolemy IV, resulting in the loss of territories previously conquered.
The protracted conflict between Antiochus III and the Roman Republic culminated in which specific war?
Answer: The Roman-Seleucid War (192-188 BC)
Explanation: The military confrontations between Antiochus III and Rome are collectively known as the Roman-Seleucid War, occurring from 192 to 188 BC.
Which prominent Carthaginian general, living in exile, urged Antiochus III to initiate hostilities against Rome?
Answer: Hannibal
Explanation: Hannibal, the renowned Carthaginian general, was in exile at Antiochus III's court and actively advised him to declare war on the Roman Republic.
What was the strategic significance of the Battle of Magnesia ad Sipylum in 190 BC?
Answer: It was a decisive Roman victory that secured Roman dominance over Asia Minor.
Explanation: The Battle of Magnesia ad Sipylum in 190 BC was a decisive Roman triumph, effectively establishing Roman hegemony over Asia Minor and leading to the Treaty of Apamea.
Under the terms of the Treaty of Apamea (188 BC), what obligations were imposed upon Antiochus III?
Answer: Cede all territories west and north of the Taurus Mountains.
Explanation: The Treaty of Apamea compelled Antiochus III to relinquish all territories west and north of the Taurus Mountains to the Roman Republic and its allies.
Following the suppression of Achaeus's revolt, Antiochus III reasserted control over which regions?
Answer: The central regions of Asia Minor, allowing some local dynasties to persist.
Explanation: After quelling Achaeus's rebellion, Antiochus III regained control over the central parts of Asia Minor, though he permitted certain local rulers to maintain their positions.
The Roman victory at which battle decisively curtailed Antiochus III's influence in Asia Minor?
Answer: Battle of Magnesia ad Sipylum
Explanation: The Roman victory at the Battle of Magnesia ad Sipylum in 190 BC effectively ended Antiochus III's influence and control over Asia Minor.
What secret pact is Antiochus III reported to have concluded with Philip V of Macedon?
Answer: To divide the territories of the Ptolemaic Kingdom.
Explanation: Antiochus III and Philip V of Macedon reportedly entered into a secret agreement to partition the territories of the Ptolemaic Kingdom.
Antiochus III's adopted title of *Basileus Megas* signified his ambition to restore the empire's former glory.
Answer: True
Explanation: The title *Basileus Megas* (Great King), traditionally held by Persian monarchs, was adopted by Antiochus III to emulate their imperial power and prestige, reflecting his aspirations for the Seleucid Empire.
Antiochus III implemented policies that were unfavorable to the Jewish population within his empire.
Answer: False
Explanation: Antiochus III generally implemented favorable policies towards the Jewish population, providing support to the Temple and resettling Jewish families.
Antiochus III adopted the title *Basileus Megas* to emulate the power of Roman emperors.
Answer: False
Explanation: Antiochus III adopted the title *Basileus Megas* to emulate the power and prestige of ancient Persian monarchs, not Roman emperors.
What traditional title did Antiochus III adopt, emulating ancient Persian monarchs?
Answer: *Basileus Megas* (Great King)
Explanation: Antiochus III adopted the title *Basileus Megas*, meaning 'Great King' in Greek, a title historically associated with Persian monarchs, signifying his imperial ambitions.
Describe Antiochus III's general policy towards the Jewish population within his empire.
Answer: He favored them with supportive policies and financial aid to their Temple.
Explanation: Antiochus III implemented policies beneficial to the Jewish population, including financial support for the Temple in Jerusalem and resettlement initiatives.
What was the principal motivation for Antiochus III adopting the title *Basileus Megas*?
Answer: To signify his ambition to restore the Seleucid Empire's former glory, emulating Persian kings.
Explanation: The adoption of the title *Basileus Megas* by Antiochus III was primarily driven by his ambition to emulate the grandeur of ancient Persian monarchs and restore the Seleucid Empire to its former prominence.
Antiochus III died peacefully in his palace following his defeat by the Romans.
Answer: False
Explanation: Antiochus III did not die peacefully in his palace; he met his end in 187 BC during an expedition in Persia while attempting to plunder a temple.
Antiochus III's first wife, Laodice III, was his sister.
Answer: False
Explanation: Antiochus III's first wife, Laodice III, was his cousin, not his sister. She was the daughter of King Mithridates II of Pontus and Princess Laodice.
Cleopatra I Syra, daughter of Antiochus III, married Eumenes II of Pergamon.
Answer: False
Explanation: Cleopatra I Syra, daughter of Antiochus III, married Ptolemy V Epiphanes of Egypt, not Eumenes II of Pergamon.
Antiochus IV Epiphanes succeeded Antiochus III immediately.
Answer: False
Explanation: Antiochus IV Epiphanes was not Antiochus III's immediate successor; his brother, Seleucus IV Philopator, reigned between them.
Antiochus III's father was Seleucus III Ceraunus.
Answer: False
Explanation: Antiochus III's father was Seleucus II Callinicus, not Seleucus III Ceraunus, who was his elder brother and predecessor.
Antiochus III's reign concluded with his death during a campaign in Persia.
Answer: True
Explanation: Antiochus III died in 187 BC while on campaign in Persia, specifically in Elymais, where he was attempting to plunder a temple.
Antiochus III married a second time to a woman from Chalcis whom he named Euboea.
Answer: True
Explanation: Antiochus III's second marriage was to a woman from Chalcis, whom he subsequently named Euboea.
Antiochus IV Epiphanes was Antiochus III's successor.
Answer: False
Explanation: Antiochus IV Epiphanes was not Antiochus III's immediate successor; his brother, Seleucus IV Philopator, reigned between them.
Antiochus III was killed during an attempt to plunder a temple in Persia.
Answer: True
Explanation: Antiochus III died in 187 BC while on campaign in Persia, specifically in Elymais, where he was attempting to plunder a temple.
Identify Antiochus III's immediate predecessor.
Answer: Seleucus III Ceraunus
Explanation: Antiochus III's immediate predecessor was his elder brother, Seleucus III Ceraunus.
Describe the circumstances surrounding the death of Antiochus III.
Answer: Died during an expedition in Persia while looting a temple.
Explanation: Antiochus III died in 187 BC during an expedition in Persia, specifically in Elymais, where he was attempting to plunder a temple.
Identify Antiochus III's first wife.
Answer: Laodice III
Explanation: Antiochus III's first wife was Princess Laodice III, who was his cousin.
Identify the daughter of Antiochus III who married Ptolemy V Epiphanes of Egypt.
Answer: Cleopatra I Syra
Explanation: Cleopatra I Syra, a daughter of Antiochus III, married Ptolemy V Epiphanes of Egypt in 193 BC, solidifying a significant political alliance.
Identify the immediate successor to Antiochus III as ruler of the Seleucid Empire.
Answer: Seleucus IV Philopator
Explanation: Seleucus IV Philopator, the eldest son of Antiochus III, succeeded him as ruler of the Seleucid Empire.
Identify the individual to whom Antiochus III was married for a second time.
Answer: A woman from Chalcis whom he named Euboea.
Explanation: Antiochus III's second marriage was to a woman from Chalcis, whom he subsequently named Euboea.
Antiochus III is referenced in the deuterocanonical Book of Tobit.
Answer: False
Explanation: Antiochus III is mentioned in the deuterocanonical Books of the Maccabees (specifically 1 Maccabees), not the Book of Tobit.
The ancient historian Polybius is cited as a primary source for information pertaining to Antiochus III's reign.
Answer: True
Explanation: Polybius is indeed a crucial primary source for understanding the reign and campaigns of Antiochus III.
Identify Antiochus III the Great.
Answer: The sixth ruler of the Seleucid Empire, who sought to restore its former glory.
Explanation: Antiochus III the Great was the sixth ruler of the Seleucid Empire, reigning from 223 to 187 BC, and is recognized for his efforts to restore the empire's former influence and territory.
In which biblical texts is Antiochus III referenced?
Answer: 1 Maccabees
Explanation: Antiochus III is mentioned in the deuterocanonical Book of 1 Maccabees.
Which of the following is cited as an external resource for further scholarly inquiry into Antiochus III?
Answer: Livius.org biographical entry
Explanation: The provided materials indicate that a biographical entry on Livius.org is available as an external resource for further study on Antiochus III.
How does the Book of 1 Maccabees characterize the Roman victory over Antiochus the Great?
Answer: As a significant defeat for Antiochus, involving a large army and elephants, leading to heavy tribute.
Explanation: 1 Maccabees recounts the Roman triumph over Antiochus the Great, detailing the scale of his forces, including elephants, and the subsequent imposition of substantial tribute and territorial concessions.