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Study Guide: Argyll House: History and Architectural Significance

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Argyll House: History and Architectural Significance Study Guide

The Argyll Family and the House's Genesis

The Dukes of Argyll, a prominent Scottish noble family, were the initial owners of Argyll House.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Dukes of Argyll, a significant Scottish noble family, held the initial ownership of Argyll House.

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John Campbell, the 1st Duke of Argyll, was the first member of the family to acquire property in the area where Argyll House was later situated.

Answer: False

Explanation: Documentation indicates that John Campbell, the 2nd Duke of Argyll, was the first member of the family to acquire property in the vicinity where Argyll House was subsequently developed.

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The 2nd Duke of Argyll primarily used his acquired London property as a base for agricultural development.

Answer: False

Explanation: The 2nd Duke of Argyll utilized his London property as his primary urban residence, not for agricultural development, which was typically associated with country estates.

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Argyll House was constructed by John Campbell, the 2nd Duke of Argyll, on land he personally developed.

Answer: False

Explanation: The residence that became known as Argyll House was constructed by Archibald Campbell, the 3rd Duke of Argyll, on land adjacent to that developed by his elder brother, the 2nd Duke.

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Archibald Campbell inherited the family properties related to Argyll House in 1743, becoming the third Duke of Argyll.

Answer: True

Explanation: Upon the death of his elder brother, Archibald Campbell inherited the family's estates and titles in 1743, becoming the third Duke of Argyll.

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Ownership of the properties associated with Argyll House ceased with the third Duke and was not passed down through subsequent generations.

Answer: False

Explanation: The ownership of the properties associated with Argyll House continued through subsequent generations of the Dukes of Argyll.

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A 'townhouse', in the historical context of Argyll House, refers to a residence primarily used for agricultural purposes.

Answer: False

Explanation: In the historical context of Argyll House, the term 'townhouse' denotes a city residence, typically belonging to a noble family who also maintained country estates, rather than a property for agricultural use.

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What was Argyll House and where was it primarily located?

Answer: A historic residence in London, south of Oxford Street.

Explanation: Argyll House was a significant historic residence situated in London, specifically located south of Oxford Street.

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Who were the original owners of Argyll House?

Answer: The Dukes of Argyll

Explanation: The original proprietors of Argyll House were members of the prominent Scottish noble family, the Dukes of Argyll.

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Which Duke of Argyll first acquired land in the area that would become associated with Argyll House?

Answer: John Campbell, the 2nd Duke of Argyll

Explanation: John Campbell, the 2nd Duke of Argyll, was the first member of the family to acquire property in the locale that would later be developed in connection with Argyll House.

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Who is credited with constructing the residence that eventually became known as Argyll House?

Answer: Archibald Campbell, the 3rd Duke of Argyll

Explanation: The construction of the residence that became known as Argyll House is attributed to Archibald Campbell, the 3rd Duke of Argyll.

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What is the historical significance of the term 'townhouse' as applied to Argyll House?

Answer: It signifies a city residence for a noble family who also owned country estates.

Explanation: Historically, the term 'townhouse,' as applied to Argyll House, signifies a principal city residence maintained by a noble family who also possessed country estates.

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Prominent Occupants, Owners, and Visitors

Lady Charlotte Bury, daughter of the 5th Duke of Argyll, was born at Argyll House in 1775.

Answer: True

Explanation: Lady Charlotte Bury, daughter of John Campbell, the 5th Duke of Argyll, was indeed born at Argyll House in 1775.

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Harriette Wilson, a contemporary observer, described Argyll House as a 'magnificent palace'.

Answer: False

Explanation: Harriette Wilson, a contemporary figure, described Argyll House not as a 'magnificent palace,' but rather as a 'dismal chateau'.

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George Hamilton-Gordon, the 4th Earl of Aberdeen, acquired Argyll House in 1808.

Answer: True

Explanation: In 1808, George Hamilton-Gordon, who later became the 4th Earl of Aberdeen, purchased Argyll House.

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Lord Aberdeen utilized Argyll House primarily as a secluded country retreat away from political life.

Answer: False

Explanation: Lord Aberdeen established Argyll House as his principal London residence, utilizing it as a base for his political activities rather than a secluded country retreat.

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Klemens von Metternich, the Austrian foreign minister, stayed at Argyll House in 1814 during the Congress of Vienna.

Answer: True

Explanation: Klemens von Metternich, the influential Austrian foreign minister, resided at Argyll House in 1814 during a period of significant diplomatic activity in England.

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The Duke of Wellington chose to purchase Argyll House after expressing interest in it.

Answer: False

Explanation: Although the Duke of Wellington expressed interest in Argyll House, he ultimately opted to purchase Apsley House instead.

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Lord Aberdeen passed away in 1860 at his country estate in Surrey.

Answer: False

Explanation: Lord Aberdeen's death in 1860 occurred at Argyll House, his principal London residence, rather than at a country estate in Surrey.

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Who purchased Argyll House in 1808 and made it their principal London residence?

Answer: George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen

Explanation: George Hamilton-Gordon, the 4th Earl of Aberdeen, acquired Argyll House in 1808 and established it as his primary London residence.

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Who was a notable visitor staying at Argyll House in 1814 during the visit of Allied sovereigns to England?

Answer: Klemens von Metternich

Explanation: Klemens von Metternich, the Austrian foreign minister, was a notable guest at Argyll House in 1814, during a period of significant diplomatic engagement in England.

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Where did Lord Aberdeen die in 1860?

Answer: At Argyll House

Explanation: Lord Aberdeen's death in 1860 occurred at Argyll House, his long-standing London residence.

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Lady Charlotte Bury, born in 1775, is connected to Argyll House as:

Answer: The daughter of the Fifth Duke of Argyll.

Explanation: Lady Charlotte Bury, born in 1775, is identified as the daughter of John Campbell, the Fifth Duke of Argyll, and was born at Argyll House.

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How did Harriette Wilson describe Argyll House?

Answer: As a 'dismal chateau'

Explanation: Harriette Wilson, a contemporary observer, characterized Argyll House as a 'dismal chateau'.

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The Duke of Wellington considered purchasing Argyll House but ultimately chose which other residence?

Answer: Apsley House

Explanation: Although the Duke of Wellington considered acquiring Argyll House, he ultimately selected Apsley House as his residence.

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Klemens von Metternich, who visited Argyll House in 1814, was a prominent statesman from which empire?

Answer: The Austrian Empire

Explanation: Klemens von Metternich, a key figure in European diplomacy, was the foreign minister representing the Austrian Empire.

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Architectural History and Style

The exact architect responsible for designing Argyll House is definitively known to be James Gibbs.

Answer: False

Explanation: While James Gibbs was involved in the development of Argyll Street for the family, definitive evidence confirming him as the primary architect of Argyll House is lacking.

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William Wilkins was commissioned by Lord Aberdeen to design the original structure of Argyll House.

Answer: False

Explanation: William Wilkins was commissioned by Lord Aberdeen not to design the original structure, but to undertake a significant rebuilding and renovation of Argyll House.

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The extensive reconstruction of Argyll House by William Wilkins was completed in the Greek Revival style in 1811.

Answer: True

Explanation: The comprehensive rebuilding of Argyll House, executed by architect William Wilkins under Lord Aberdeen's commission, was concluded in 1811 and was rendered in the Greek Revival style.

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The text suggests James Gibbs was the confirmed primary architect of Argyll House.

Answer: False

Explanation: The available information suggests James Gibbs may have contributed to the exterior design of Argyll House, but he is not definitively confirmed as its primary architect.

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The Greek Revival architectural style draws its primary inspiration from ancient Roman structures.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Greek Revival architectural style is primarily inspired by the forms and aesthetics of ancient Greek buildings, rather than Roman structures.

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Which architect was commissioned by Lord Aberdeen to rebuild Argyll House?

Answer: William Wilkins

Explanation: Lord Aberdeen commissioned the architect William Wilkins to undertake the extensive rebuilding of Argyll House.

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In what architectural style was Argyll House rebuilt under William Wilkins's direction?

Answer: Greek Revival

Explanation: The rebuilding of Argyll House under William Wilkins's direction was executed in the Greek Revival style, a prominent neoclassical movement.

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When was the reconstruction of Argyll House by William Wilkins completed?

Answer: 1811

Explanation: The comprehensive reconstruction of Argyll House, designed by William Wilkins, was completed in the year 1811.

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The Greek Revival architectural style is characterized by its inspiration from:

Answer: Ancient Greek structures

Explanation: The Greek Revival architectural style is fundamentally characterized by its emulation of the architectural principles and forms found in ancient Greek structures.

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Historical Context and Political Significance

The 2nd Duke of Argyll played a role in the Act of Union in 1707 and was involved in the 1715 Jacobite Rising.

Answer: True

Explanation: John Campbell, the 2nd Duke of Argyll, was indeed a significant figure involved in the Act of Union in 1707 and participated in the 1715 Jacobite Rising.

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Argyll House served as a venue for cabinet meetings when Lord Aberdeen was Foreign Secretary and also hosted the first meeting of his own cabinet.

Answer: True

Explanation: Argyll House held significant political importance, serving as a venue for cabinet meetings during Lord Aberdeen's tenure as Foreign Secretary and hosting the inaugural meeting of his own cabinet upon becoming Prime Minister.

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The Act of Union in 1707 united the Kingdom of Scotland with the Kingdom of Ireland.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Act of Union in 1707 united the Kingdom of Scotland with the Kingdom of England, forming the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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The 1715 Jacobite Rising was an effort to place a claimant from the Stuart dynasty back on the British throne.

Answer: True

Explanation: The 1715 Jacobite Rising was indeed an attempt by supporters of the Stuart dynasty to restore their claimant to the British throne.

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What significant historical event did John Campbell, the 2nd Duke of Argyll, participate in during 1707?

Answer: The Act of Union

Explanation: In 1707, John Campbell, the 2nd Duke of Argyll, played a notable role in the passage of the Act of Union, which united Scotland and England.

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Argyll House served as a significant political venue. When did the cabinet convene there during Wellington's government?

Answer: When Lord Aberdeen was Foreign Secretary

Explanation: During Wellington's government, the cabinet convened at Argyll House when Lord Aberdeen occupied the significant role of Foreign Secretary.

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When Lord Aberdeen became Prime Minister, where was the first meeting of his cabinet held?

Answer: At Argyll House

Explanation: Upon assuming the role of Prime Minister, Lord Aberdeen convened the first meeting of his cabinet at Argyll House.

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What was the primary outcome of the Act of Union in 1707, mentioned in relation to the 2nd Duke of Argyll?

Answer: The union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland.

Explanation: The primary outcome of the Act of Union in 1707, in which the 2nd Duke of Argyll participated, was the unification of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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What was the main objective of the 1715 Jacobite Rising?

Answer: To restore the Stuart dynasty to the British throne.

Explanation: The principal objective of the 1715 Jacobite Rising was to reinstate a claimant from the Stuart dynasty to the throne of Great Britain.

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During Wellington's government, when did the cabinet convene at Argyll House?

Answer: When Lord Aberdeen served as Foreign Secretary

Explanation: The cabinet convened at Argyll House during Wellington's government when Lord Aberdeen occupied the significant role of Foreign Secretary.

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Later History, Demise, and Legacy

Argyll House was originally situated directly north of Oxford Street in London.

Answer: False

Explanation: The historical records indicate that Argyll House was located south of Oxford Street, not directly north.

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Argyll House, located south of Oxford Street, is the same property as the one found at 213-215 King's Road in Chelsea.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Argyll House discussed in this context, situated south of Oxford Street, is distinct from the property located at 213-215 King's Road in Chelsea.

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The major urban development project of Regent Street in the 1820s resulted in the complete redevelopment of Argyll House.

Answer: False

Explanation: Despite the extensive urban transformation associated with the development of Regent Street in the 1820s, Argyll House itself was not subject to complete redevelopment during that specific period.

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Argyll House was demolished immediately following Lord Aberdeen's death in 1860.

Answer: False

Explanation: Argyll House was demolished several years after Lord Aberdeen's death in 1860, not immediately following it.

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The London Palladium, a well-known West End theatre, now occupies the entire original site of Argyll House.

Answer: False

Explanation: The London Palladium occupies a portion of the original site of Argyll House, but not the entire area.

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The Argyll Arms pub is located on the exact site where Argyll House once stood, serving as a direct memorial.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Argyll Arms pub is situated on Argyll Street, in the vicinity of the former Argyll House, but not on its exact original site.

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How did the development of Regent Street in the 1820s affect Argyll House itself?

Answer: Argyll House was not redeveloped during that period.

Explanation: The major urban development project of Regent Street in the 1820s significantly altered the surrounding urban landscape but did not result in the complete redevelopment of Argyll House itself.

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What happened to Argyll House a few years after Lord Aberdeen's death?

Answer: It was demolished.

Explanation: Several years following Lord Aberdeen's demise in 1860, Argyll House was demolished.

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Which modern entertainment venue now occupies part of the former site of Argyll House?

Answer: The London Palladium

Explanation: The London Palladium, a prominent West End theatre, is situated on a portion of the site formerly occupied by Argyll House.

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How is the historical connection to the Dukes of Argyll commemorated in the vicinity of the former Argyll House?

Answer: Via the Argyll Arms pub, located further north on Argyll Street.

Explanation: The historical association with the Dukes of Argyll is commemorated in the vicinity by the Argyll Arms pub, which is located further north on Argyll Street.

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What clarification does the source provide about other properties named Argyll House?

Answer: One is located on King's Road in Chelsea.

Explanation: The source clarifies that another property also named Argyll House exists, specifically located at 213-215 King's Road in Chelsea.

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Sources and Bibliography

The bibliography lists 'Lord Aberdeen' by Muriel E. Chamberlain as one of the sources concerning Argyll House.

Answer: True

Explanation: The bibliography explicitly cites 'Lord Aberdeen' by Muriel E. Chamberlain as one of the referenced sources pertaining to the history of Argyll House and its associated figures.

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Which source listed in the bibliography is a biography of Lord Aberdeen?

Answer: 'Lord Aberdeen' by Muriel E. Chamberlain

Explanation: The bibliography explicitly identifies 'Lord Aberdeen' authored by Muriel E. Chamberlain as a biographical source concerning Lord Aberdeen.

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