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What was the official designation of the political entity commonly referred to as Austria-Hungary, which existed from 1867 to 1918?
Answer: True
Explanation: The official designation for the entity commonly known as Austria-Hungary between 1867 and 1918 was the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, also frequently referred to as the Dual Monarchy.
Austria-Hungary was structured as a confederation of three sovereign states under a single monarch.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was structured as a dualistic constitutional monarchy, comprising two sovereign states (Austria and Hungary) under a single monarch, rather than a confederation of three states.
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 was primarily a response to the growing demands for autonomy from Hungary.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 was largely a response to the escalating demands for autonomy from Hungary, which sought to re-establish its distinct constitutional status within the Habsburg domains.
Austria-Hungary was the largest country in Europe by area during its existence.
Answer: False
Explanation: Austria-Hungary was the second-largest country in Europe by area, surpassed only by Russia, not the largest.
In terms of population, Austria-Hungary ranked third among European countries, following Russia and the German Empire.
Answer: True
Explanation: With a population exceeding 50 million, Austria-Hungary ranked third among European countries in population size during its existence, following Russia and the German Empire.
The official German name for Austria-Hungary was *k. u. k. Monarchie*.
Answer: False
Explanation: The official German name for Austria-Hungary was *Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie*. The abbreviation 'k. u. k.' referred to common institutions, not the overall official name.
Informal names like 'Danubian Monarchy' and 'The Double Eagle' were widely adopted and accepted within Hungary and other regions.
Answer: False
Explanation: Informal names such as 'Danubian Monarchy' and 'The Double Eagle' were used, but they did not achieve widespread acceptance or official status within Hungary or other regions of the empire.
The abbreviation 'k. u. k.' signified institutions common to both the Austrian and Hungarian parts of the monarchy, such as the common army.
Answer: True
Explanation: The abbreviation 'k. u. k.' (kaiserlich und königlich) signified institutions common to both the Austrian and Hungarian parts of the monarchy, such as the Imperial and Royal Army and Navy.
The abbreviation 'K. k.' referred to institutions of Transleithania (Hungary).
Answer: False
Explanation: The abbreviation 'K. k.' (kaiserlich-königlich) referred to institutions of Cisleithania (the Austrian part), not Transleithania (Hungary).
The Habsburgs assumed the Hungarian throne following Hungary's victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Habsburgs assumed the Hungarian throne following Hungary's defeat in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, not its victory.
The revolutions of 1848 led to Hungary gaining greater autonomy within the Austrian Empire.
Answer: False
Explanation: The revolutions of 1848 were ultimately suppressed by Austrian forces, and Hungary did not gain greater autonomy; rather, the central government consolidated its power.
The coronation of Franz Joseph I as King of Hungary occurred after the formalization of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867.
Answer: True
Explanation: Franz Joseph I was crowned King of Hungary on June 8, 1867, following the formalization of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, solidifying his dual role.
The Compromise of 1867 established a personal union between Austria and Hungary, where the monarch ruled separately.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Compromise of 1867 established a 'real union,' not a personal union, creating a dualistic state where Austria and Hungary shared common ministries for foreign affairs, defense, and finance under a single monarch.
What was the official name of the political entity commonly known as Austria-Hungary between 1867 and 1918?
Answer: The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
Explanation: The official designation for the political entity commonly known as Austria-Hungary between 1867 and 1918 was the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, also frequently referred to as the Dual Monarchy.
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 was established primarily in response to which factor?
Answer: Growing demands for autonomy, particularly from Hungary
Explanation: The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 was primarily a response to the escalating demands for autonomy from Hungary, which sought to re-establish its distinct constitutional status within the Habsburg domains.
How did Austria-Hungary rank among European countries in terms of population during its existence?
Answer: Third most populous
Explanation: With a population exceeding 50 million, Austria-Hungary ranked third among European countries in population size during its existence, following Russia and the German Empire.
What did the abbreviation 'k. u. k.' signify in the context of Austro-Hungarian institutions?
Answer: Institutions common to both the Austrian and Hungarian parts of the monarchy
Explanation: The abbreviation 'k. u. k.' (kaiserlich und königlich) signified institutions that were common to both the Austrian and Hungarian halves of the monarchy, such as the common army and foreign affairs ministry.
Which of the following was part of the full internal administrative name of the Austro-Hungarian realm?
Answer: The Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
Explanation: The full internal administrative name of the Austro-Hungarian realm included 'The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council' (for the Austrian part) and 'The Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen' (for the Hungarian part).
The Habsburgs assumed the Hungarian throne following which historical event?
Answer: Hungary's defeat in the Battle of Mohács in 1526
Explanation: The Habsburgs assumed the Hungarian throne following Hungary's defeat in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, which led to a period of division and eventual Habsburg rule over much of the kingdom.
What was Ferenc Deák's key contribution to the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867?
Answer: He negotiated the terms, conceding common affairs like foreign policy and defense while upholding Hungarian laws.
Explanation: Ferenc Deák was instrumental in negotiating the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, advocating for Hungarian autonomy while accepting common governance for foreign policy, defense, and finance.
The Compromise of 1867 transformed the Habsburg domains into what type of union?
Answer: A real union
Explanation: The Compromise of 1867 transformed the Habsburg domains into a real union, establishing co-equal status for Austria and Hungary in international law and common affairs, rather than a personal union or confederation.
Common affairs, such as the Common Army and foreign policy, were managed by separate ministries within each half of the monarchy.
Answer: False
Explanation: Common affairs, such as the Common Army and foreign policy, were managed by common ministries under the monarch's authority, not by separate ministries within each half of the monarchy.
The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was directly administered by the Austrian government after 1867.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was an autonomous region under the Hungarian crown, governed by its own Ban and Diet, and not directly administered by the Austrian government.
Common expenditures between Austria and Hungary were allocated with 70% borne by Austria and 30% by Hungary.
Answer: True
Explanation: Common expenditures were allocated with 70% borne by Austria and 30% by Hungary, a ratio that was subject to decennial renegotiation.
Austria-Hungary was a linguistically homogeneous empire, with German being the sole official language.
Answer: False
Explanation: Austria-Hungary was a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual empire. While German was the language of administration and the imperial court, numerous other languages, including Hungarian, Czech, Polish, and others, were spoken and used within its territories.
The Hungarian Minority Act of 1868 granted extensive language and cultural rights but did not recognize territorial autonomy for non-Hungarians.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Hungarian Minority Act of 1868 indeed granted extensive language and cultural rights to minorities within Hungary, but it notably did not recognize territorial autonomy for non-Hungarian populations.
Article 19 of the Austrian Basic State Act aimed to ensure equal rights and language preservation, and it resolved all disputes regarding minority languages.
Answer: False
Explanation: Article 19 of the Austrian Basic State Act aimed to ensure equal rights and language preservation, but it did not resolve all disputes; rather, its interpretation and implementation became a source of significant contention regarding minority language rights.
Around 1900, Austrian governments actively initiated pogroms against the Jewish population.
Answer: False
Explanation: Historical accounts do not indicate that Austrian governments actively initiated pogroms against the Jewish population around 1900. While antisemitism existed, official government policy generally did not support such actions.
In the 1870s, higher educational institutions in Bohemia and Moravia separated into German and Czech-speaking entities.
Answer: True
Explanation: In the 1870s, higher educational institutions in Bohemia and Moravia underwent a significant transformation, establishing separate German-speaking and Czech-speaking entities, reflecting rising national consciousness.
By June 1907, all schools in Hungary were required to ensure pupils could express themselves fluently in Hungarian after the fourth grade.
Answer: True
Explanation: By June 1907, Hungarian legislation mandated that all schools in Hungary ensure pupils could express themselves fluently in Hungarian after the fourth grade, a policy that led to the closure of minority language schools.
Which of the following was NOT managed by a common government in Austria-Hungary after 1867?
Answer: Internal administration of Austria (Cisleithania)
Explanation: While foreign policy, the Common Army, and imperial household affairs were managed by common governments, the internal administration of Austria (Cisleithania) and Hungary (Transleithania) were handled by separate, distinct ministries and parliaments.
What was the status of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within the Austro-Hungarian framework?
Answer: An autonomous region under the Hungarian crown
Explanation: The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia held a status of autonomy within the Hungarian part of the Dual Monarchy, governed by its own regional administration but subordinate to the Hungarian Crown.
According to the 1867 Compromise, what percentage of common expenditures was initially allocated to Hungary?
Answer: 30%
Explanation: According to the 1867 Compromise, Hungary was initially allocated 30% of the common expenditures, with Austria bearing the remaining 70%.
The Hungarian Minority Act of 1868 primarily granted minorities what type of rights?
Answer: Language and cultural rights
Explanation: The Hungarian Minority Act of 1868 primarily focused on granting minorities extensive language and cultural rights, although it did not extend to territorial autonomy.
Disputes surrounding Article 19 of the Austrian Basic State Act primarily concerned which issue?
Answer: The definition and implementation of equal rights and language preservation for different ethnic groups
Explanation: Article 19 of the Austrian Basic State Act, concerning equal rights and language preservation, generated significant disputes over its practical application and the recognition of various minority languages.
What was the general attitude of Austrian governments towards the Jewish population around 1900?
Answer: They generally did not initiate official antisemitic policies, fearing ethnic violence.
Explanation: Around 1900, Austrian governments typically did not actively initiate pogroms against the Jewish population, partly due to concerns about potential ethnic violence and instability.
How did higher education institutions in Bohemia and Moravia change in the 1870s?
Answer: They separated into German and Czech-speaking entities.
Explanation: In the 1870s, higher educational institutions in Bohemia and Moravia experienced a significant transformation, establishing separate German-speaking and Czech-speaking entities, reflecting rising national consciousness.
What was the status of Bosnia and Herzegovina under Austro-Hungarian rule after its 1908 annexation?
Answer: It was administered as a common holding by the Imperial & Royal finance ministry.
Explanation: Following its annexation in 1908, Bosnia and Herzegovina was administered as a common holding under the purview of the Imperial & Royal finance ministry, a status that contributed to regional tensions.
The earliest universities established within the territories that later formed Austria-Hungary, such as Charles University, were founded in the 15th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The earliest universities in the region, such as Charles University (Prague, 1347), Jagiellonian University (Kraków, 1364), and the University of Vienna (1365), were founded in the 14th century, predating the 15th century.
After 1867, the Austro-Hungarian economy remained largely agrarian and did not experience significant modernization.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to remaining agrarian, the Austro-Hungarian economy underwent significant modernization after 1867, characterized by accelerated industrialization, urbanization, and the expansion of infrastructure like railways.
Austria-Hungary ranked as the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home and industrial appliances.
Answer: True
Explanation: Austria-Hungary was indeed a major industrial power, ranking as the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home and industrial appliances, alongside significant production in other sectors.
Austria-Hungary constructed Europe's largest railway network by 1913.
Answer: False
Explanation: By 1913, Austria-Hungary had constructed Europe's second-largest railway network, surpassed only by Germany, indicating substantial investment in transportation infrastructure.
The gross national product per capita in Austria-Hungary grew at approximately 1.76% per year from 1870 to 1913.
Answer: True
Explanation: The gross national product per capita in Austria-Hungary exhibited a steady growth rate of approximately 1.76% per year between 1870 and 1913, demonstrating economic progress.
The first telegraph connection in the Austrian half of the Empire operated between Vienna, Brno, and Prague, beginning service in 1847.
Answer: True
Explanation: The first telegraph connection in the Austrian part of the Empire was established in 1847, linking Vienna, Brno, and Prague, marking an early advancement in communication technology.
The first telephone exchange in Zagreb opened in 1881, followed by Budapest and Vienna later that year.
Answer: True
Explanation: The first telephone exchanges were established in Zagreb, Budapest, and Vienna in 1881, indicating the rapid adoption of telephony across the empire.
The Telefonhirmondó, or Telephone Herald, was an early news service introduced in Budapest in 1893, predating radio broadcasting.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Telefonhirmondó, or Telephone Herald, was an innovative news service introduced in Budapest in 1893, functioning as an early form of broadcast news prior to radio.
By 1913, Austria-Hungary's railway network length was shorter than that of France.
Answer: False
Explanation: By 1913, Austria-Hungary's railway network, with 43,280 km, was more extensive than France's (40,770 km), contrary to the assertion that it was shorter.
Budapest Metro Line 1 was the first underground railway constructed on the European mainland.
Answer: True
Explanation: Budapest Metro Line 1, opened in 1896, is recognized as the second oldest underground railway globally and the first constructed on the European mainland.
The Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft (DDSG) was the world's largest inland shipping company until the collapse of Austria-Hungary.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft (DDSG) was a pioneering company that grew to become the world's largest inland shipping firm, operating primarily on the Danube River until the empire's dissolution.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire built up the world's fourth-largest machine-building industry.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Austro-Hungarian Empire was a significant industrial power, building up the fourth-largest machine-building industry globally, contributing to its economic standing.
Which of the following was a key aspect of Austria-Hungary's economic modernization after 1867?
Answer: Acceleration of industrialization and urbanization
Explanation: Following the 1867 Compromise, Austria-Hungary experienced significant economic modernization, marked by accelerated industrialization, urbanization, and infrastructure development, rather than stagnation.
In which sector did Austria-Hungary rank as the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter by the late 19th century?
Answer: Electric home and industrial appliances
Explanation: Austria-Hungary achieved prominence as the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home and industrial appliances, reflecting its industrial capabilities.
By 1913, how did Austria-Hungary's railway network length compare to other major European countries?
Answer: It was more extensive than France's and the United Kingdom's, but shorter than Germany's.
Explanation: By 1913, Austria-Hungary's railway network (43,280 km) surpassed that of France and the UK, though it remained shorter than Germany's extensive network.
Austria-Hungary's GNP per capita growth rate between 1870 and 1913 was higher than which other major European power?
Answer: Germany
Explanation: Austria-Hungary's GNP per capita growth rate (approx. 1.76% annually from 1870-1913) was higher than that of Germany (approx. 1.51%), indicating a more favorable relative economic expansion during that period.
When were the first telephone exchanges opened in Zagreb, Budapest, and Vienna?
Answer: 1881, 1881, 1881
Explanation: The first telephone exchanges were established in Zagreb, Budapest, and Vienna in 1881, demonstrating the rapid adoption of telephony across the empire.
What was the significance of Budapest Line 1 of the metro system?
Answer: It was the second oldest underground railway and the first on the European mainland.
Explanation: Budapest Metro Line 1, opened in 1896, is recognized as the second oldest underground railway globally and the first constructed on the European mainland.
What was the Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft (DDSG)?
Answer: The first Danubian steamer company and world's largest inland shipping company until the empire's collapse
Explanation: The Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft (DDSG) was a pioneering company that grew to become the world's largest inland shipping firm, operating primarily on the Danube River until the empire's dissolution.
Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen, was known for his conservative approach and opposition to modernization within the Austro-Hungarian Army.
Answer: True
Explanation: Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen, was a significant military figure, but his influence is often characterized by his conservative approach and resistance to modernization within the Austro-Hungarian Army during his tenure as Chief of Staff.
The Austro-Hungarian Navy primarily served as an offensive force in the Mediterranean Sea.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Austro-Hungarian Navy primarily served a defensive role, focusing on coast defense and riverine operations, rather than acting as an offensive force in the Mediterranean.
Bosnia and Herzegovina was fully annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908, leading to the Bosnian Crisis.
Answer: True
Explanation: Bosnia and Herzegovina was fully annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908, an action that precipitated the Bosnian Crisis and significantly heightened tensions in the Balkans.
The Dual Alliance of 1879 was formed between Austria-Hungary and France to counter Russian aggression.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Dual Alliance of 1879 was a defensive pact concluded between Austria-Hungary and the German Empire, designed to counter Russian aggression, not an alliance with France.
The Dual Alliance of 1879 was a defensive pact between Austria-Hungary and which other major European power?
Answer: Germany
Explanation: The Dual Alliance of 1879 was a defensive pact concluded between Austria-Hungary and the German Empire, aimed at mutual protection against potential Russian aggression.
The Austro-Hungarian Army's invasion of Serbia in 1914 was a disaster, resulting in significant losses without territorial gains.
Answer: True
Explanation: The initial Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia in 1914 proved disastrous, resulting in substantial casualties and failing to achieve significant territorial gains, thus undermining the empire's military prestige.
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia in 1914 primarily to support German war aims.
Answer: False
Explanation: Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia in 1914 primarily due to its own strategic interests in the Balkans and concerns about Serbian nationalism, not primarily to support German war aims, although Germany's backing was crucial.
Serbia accepted all ten demands presented in the July Ultimatum from Austria-Hungary.
Answer: False
Explanation: Serbia accepted most, but not all, of the demands presented in the July Ultimatum from Austria-Hungary. Its partial acceptance was deemed insufficient by Austria-Hungary, leading to the declaration of war.
Italy remained allied with Austria-Hungary throughout World War I.
Answer: False
Explanation: Italy, initially allied with Austria-Hungary in the Triple Alliance, declared its neutrality at the war's outset and subsequently joined the Entente powers in 1915, fighting against Austria-Hungary.
Austria-Hungary played a dominant diplomatic role in World War I, often dictating strategy to Germany.
Answer: False
Explanation: Throughout World War I, Austria-Hungary's diplomatic role became increasingly passive, and it grew increasingly dominated by Germany, rather than playing a dominant strategic role.
On the home front, Austria-Hungary's main contributions were manpower and food supplies, despite facing severe shortages.
Answer: True
Explanation: While Austria-Hungary contributed manpower and food supplies, the war effort led to severe shortages on the home front, including food and heating fuel, contradicting the notion of sustained contribution without hardship.
World War I led to economic prosperity and strengthened social unity within Austria-Hungary.
Answer: False
Explanation: World War I severely strained Austria-Hungary's economy, leading to inflation and shortages, and eroded social unity as nationalist sentiments intensified, rather than fostering prosperity and unity.
The Brusilov Offensive in 1916 inflicted heavy losses on the Austro-Hungarian Army, from which it never fully recovered.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Brusilov Offensive of 1916 inflicted devastating losses on the Austro-Hungarian Army, estimated at around one million casualties, severely impairing its combat effectiveness for the remainder of the war.
The Battle of Caporetto in 1917 resulted in a decisive Italian victory and pushed Austro-Hungarian forces back significantly.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Battle of Caporetto in 1917 was a major offensive by the Central Powers, resulting in a significant breakthrough and heavy Italian losses, although the advance was eventually halted.
Romania joined the Central Powers in World War I, hoping to gain territory from Russia.
Answer: False
Explanation: Romania joined the Entente Powers in World War I, declaring war on Austria-Hungary in 1916, motivated by territorial aspirations, not by joining the Central Powers.
Hungary provided a substantial portion of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces, and its agricultural base helped sustain the military.
Answer: True
Explanation: Hungary contributed significantly to the Austro-Hungarian war effort, conscripting over 3.8 million soldiers, representing a substantial portion of the empire's military manpower, and its agricultural base was crucial for sustaining the military effort.
Emperor Karl I attempted to negotiate a separate peace with the Allies during World War I, but his efforts were immediately successful.
Answer: False
Explanation: Emperor Karl I's attempts to negotiate a separate peace during World War I were met with resistance from Italy and were ultimately unsuccessful, not immediately successful.
The Battle of Vittorio Veneto in late 1918 marked a decisive defeat for Austria-Hungary on the Italian front.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Battle of Vittorio Veneto in late 1918 marked a decisive defeat for Austria-Hungary on the Italian front, leading to the collapse of their forces and the end of major combat operations on that front.
What was the outcome of the Austro-Hungarian Army's invasion of Serbia in 1914?
Answer: A disaster resulting in heavy losses without significant territorial gains
Explanation: The initial Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia in 1914 proved disastrous, resulting in substantial casualties and failing to achieve significant territorial gains, thus undermining the empire's military prestige.
Serbia's response to the July Ultimatum was considered insufficient by Austria-Hungary primarily because:
Answer: Serbia accepted nine demands but only partially accepted the tenth.
Explanation: Serbia's response to the July Ultimatum was considered insufficient by Austria-Hungary because, while accepting most demands, it only partially agreed to the tenth demand concerning Austrian participation in the investigation of the assassination.
How did Italy's alliance status evolve during World War I concerning Austria-Hungary?
Answer: Italy initially remained neutral before joining the Entente powers in 1915.
Explanation: Italy, initially allied with Austria-Hungary in the Triple Alliance, declared its neutrality at the war's outset and subsequently joined the Entente powers in 1915, shifting the balance of power.
What best describes Austria-Hungary's diplomatic role during World War I?
Answer: Passive, becoming increasingly dominated by Germany
Explanation: Austria-Hungary's diplomatic role in World War I diminished significantly over time, leading to it becoming increasingly subordinate to Germany's strategic objectives.
What was a major consequence for the home front in Austria-Hungary due to the war?
Answer: Severe shortages of food and heating fuel
Explanation: The war effort placed immense strain on Austria-Hungary's home front, resulting in critical shortages of essential goods like food and heating fuel, alongside economic hardship.
The Brusilov Offensive of 1916 had what major impact on the Austro-Hungarian Army?
Answer: It inflicted heavy losses from which the army never fully recovered.
Explanation: The Brusilov Offensive of 1916 inflicted devastating losses on the Austro-Hungarian Army, estimated at around one million casualties, severely impairing its combat effectiveness for the remainder of the war.
The Battle of Caporetto in 1917 was characterized by:
Answer: A successful Austro-Hungarian advance causing massive Italian casualties
Explanation: The Battle of Caporetto in 1917 was a major offensive by the Central Powers, resulting in a significant breakthrough and heavy Italian losses, although the advance was eventually halted.
Romania entered World War I by declaring war on which power?
Answer: Austria-Hungary
Explanation: Romania entered World War I by declaring war on Austria-Hungary in August 1916, seeking territorial gains.
Despite its population share, Hungary's contribution to the Austro-Hungarian armed forces during WWI was:
Answer: Substantial, providing over 3.8 million soldiers
Explanation: Hungary contributed significantly to the Austro-Hungarian war effort, conscripting over 3.8 million soldiers, representing a substantial portion of the empire's military manpower, and its agricultural base was crucial for sustaining the military effort.
What was the primary goal of Austria-Hungary's wartime foreign policy?
Answer: To punish Serbia and prevent the empire's ethnic breakup
Explanation: Austria-Hungary's primary foreign policy objective at the outset of World War I was to assert dominance over Serbia and preemptively address the threat of Slavic nationalism within its own borders.
The primary reason for the dissolution of Austria-Hungary was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the immediate catalyst for World War I, the dissolution of Austria-Hungary was a complex process driven by the war's outcome, internal nationalist pressures, and economic exhaustion, not solely by the assassination itself.
The collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918 was primarily due to a single decisive military defeat on the Italian front.
Answer: False
Explanation: The collapse of Austria-Hungary was a multifaceted process driven by military setbacks across multiple fronts, internal nationalist movements, economic collapse, and declining morale, not solely by a single decisive defeat on the Italian front.
Austria-Hungary sought an armistice based on President Wilson's Fourteen Points, proposing federalization.
Answer: True
Explanation: In October 1918, Austria-Hungary sought an armistice based on President Wilson's Fourteen Points, proposing federalization as a means to appease nationalist demands, though these efforts ultimately proved insufficient.
The Hungarian Parliament voted to terminate the union with Austria on October 17, 1918.
Answer: True
Explanation: On October 17, 1918, the Hungarian Parliament took the decisive step of voting to terminate the union with Austria, effectively dismantling the Austro-Hungarian state.
The 'Habsburg Law' allowed all members of the former ruling family to return to Austria unconditionally.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Habsburg Law' enacted in Austria banished members of the former ruling family from Austrian territory and dethroned them, prohibiting unconditional return.
German Austria and the Hungarian Democratic Republic were the two legal successor states to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy.
Answer: True
Explanation: The two primary legal successor states to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy were German Austria (which became the Republic of Austria) and the Hungarian Democratic Republic (which evolved into the Kingdom of Hungary).
The Treaty of Trianon significantly expanded Hungary's territory after World War I.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Treaty of Trianon, signed in 1920, significantly reduced Hungary's territory, causing the loss of approximately 72% of its pre-war lands and most of its natural resources, rather than expanding it.
Which of the following was NOT a primary factor contributing to the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918?
Answer: A decisive victory on the Western Front
Explanation: The collapse of Austria-Hungary was driven by internal factors and military defeats on its own fronts; a decisive victory on the Western Front was not a factor in its dissolution.
What action did the Hungarian Parliament take in October 1918 regarding the union with Austria?
Answer: Voted to terminate the union.
Explanation: On October 17, 1918, the Hungarian Parliament took the decisive step of voting to terminate the union with Austria, effectively dismantling the Austro-Hungarian state.
What was the primary consequence of the Treaty of Trianon for Hungary?
Answer: Loss of 72% of its territory and most natural resources
Explanation: The Treaty of Trianon imposed severe terms on Hungary, resulting in the loss of approximately 72% of its pre-war territory and a significant portion of its population and resources.
Which of the following countries was formed, re-established, or significantly expanded as a result of the dissolution of Austria-Hungary?
Answer: Czechoslovakia
Explanation: Czechoslovakia was one of the principal new nation-states formed from the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, alongside others like Poland and Yugoslavia.