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The principal objective of the Austrian State Treaty was to formally conclude the Allied occupation and reinstate Austria's complete sovereignty.
Answer: True
Explanation: The primary aim of the Austrian State Treaty was indeed to terminate the Allied occupation and restore Austria's status as a sovereign, independent, and democratic nation.
The Austrian State Treaty was signed on May 15, 1955, in the city of Salzburg.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the date May 15, 1955, is correct, the Austrian State Treaty was signed in Vienna, not Salzburg.
The Austrian State Treaty officially came into force on July 27, 1955, marking Austria's full sovereignty.
Answer: True
Explanation: The treaty officially entered into force on July 27, 1955, which was the date Austria regained its full sovereignty.
The complete official title of the treaty includes the date and location of its signing in Vienna.
Answer: True
Explanation: The full title of the treaty, "Treaty for the re-establishment of an independent and democratic Austria, signed in Vienna on 15 May 1955," explicitly includes the date and location of its signing.
What was the principal objective of the Austrian State Treaty signed in 1955?
Answer: To formally end the Allied occupation and restore Austria as a sovereign, independent, and democratic state.
Explanation: The principal objective of the Austrian State Treaty was to formally conclude the Allied occupation and reinstate Austria's complete sovereignty, establishing it as an independent and democratic nation.
On what date and in which city was the Austrian State Treaty signed?
Answer: May 15, 1955, in Vienna
Explanation: The Austrian State Treaty was signed on May 15, 1955, in Vienna, Austria, at the Schloss Belvedere.
When did the Austrian State Treaty officially come into force, restoring Austria's full sovereignty?
Answer: July 27, 1955
Explanation: The Austrian State Treaty officially came into force on July 27, 1955, marking the formal restoration of Austria's full sovereignty.
Which of the following correctly identifies the date the Austrian State Treaty officially came into force and the date the last Allied troops departed?
Answer: In force: July 27, 1955; Troops departed: October 25, 1955
Explanation: The Austrian State Treaty officially came into force on July 27, 1955, and the last Allied occupation troops departed from Austrian territory on October 25, 1955.
The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia subsequently acceded to the Austrian State Treaty.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia did indeed accede to the Austrian State Treaty, indicating broader regional acceptance of its terms.
Annexes to the Austrian State Treaty included provisions for Soviet ownership of Austrian oilfields and Danube Shipping Company assets.
Answer: True
Explanation: The annexes to the treaty did indeed contain provisions concerning Soviet concessions for oilfields and refineries in Eastern Austria, as well as the transfer of Danube Shipping Company assets.
The Austrian State Treaty was divided into ten main parts, covering various aspects of Austria's post-war status.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Austrian State Treaty was structured into nine main parts, encompassing various aspects of Austria's post-war status.
Austria successfully ceded its portion of Carinthia to Yugoslavia following World War II negotiations.
Answer: False
Explanation: Austria successfully retained control over its part of Carinthia, resisting territorial claims from Yugoslavia.
The Austrian State Treaty explicitly protected the minority rights of the German and Polish populations within Austria.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Austrian State Treaty explicitly protected the minority rights of the Slovene and Croat populations within Austria, not German or Polish populations.
The Austrian State Treaty explicitly forbade the political union of Austria with Germany, known as Anschluss.
Answer: True
Explanation: The treaty explicitly prohibited Anschluss, the political union of Austria with Germany, thereby preventing future reunification.
The Austrian State Treaty permitted the existence of Nazi and fascist organizations within Austria.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Austrian State Treaty explicitly prohibited the existence of Nazi and fascist organizations within Austria.
The Austrian State Treaty addressed and resolved the historical claims regarding Austria's reunification with South Tyrol.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Austrian State Treaty did not address or resolve historical claims regarding Austria's reunification with South Tyrol; this issue was separate from the treaty's scope.
Which neighboring country acceded to the Austrian State Treaty after its initial signing by the four Allied powers?
Answer: Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia
Explanation: The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia later acceded to the Austrian State Treaty, signifying broader regional acceptance of its terms.
Which of the following was a key economic provision detailed in the annexes of the Austrian State Treaty?
Answer: Granting Soviet concessions for oilfields and refineries in Eastern Austria.
Explanation: The annexes of the treaty included provisions concerning Soviet concessions for oilfields and refineries in Eastern Austria, as well as the transfer of Danube Shipping Company assets.
The Austrian State Treaty was structured into how many main parts?
Answer: Nine
Explanation: The Austrian State Treaty was structured into nine main parts, encompassing various aspects of Austria's post-war status.
Which territorial claim did Austria successfully resist from Yugoslavia during the post-war period?
Answer: The part of Carinthia
Explanation: Austria successfully retained control over its part of Carinthia, resisting territorial claims from Yugoslavia.
Which specific minority groups were explicitly mentioned in the Austrian State Treaty regarding their protected rights?
Answer: Slovenes and Croats
Explanation: The Austrian State Treaty explicitly protected the minority rights of the Slovene and Croat populations within Austria.
The Austrian State Treaty explicitly prohibited which historical political union?
Answer: Anschluss (union with Germany)
Explanation: The treaty explicitly prohibited Anschluss, the political union of Austria with Germany, thereby preventing future reunification.
Under the Austrian State Treaty, what types of political organizations were forbidden?
Answer: Nazi and fascist organizations
Explanation: The Austrian State Treaty explicitly prohibited the existence of Nazi and fascist organizations within Austria.
What historical issue concerning Austria's territory was *not* addressed in the Austrian State Treaty?
Answer: The potential reunification with South Tyrol
Explanation: The Austrian State Treaty did not address or resolve historical claims regarding Austria's reunification with South Tyrol; this issue was separate from the treaty's scope.
France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany were the four Allied occupying powers that signed the Austrian State Treaty.
Answer: False
Explanation: The four Allied occupying powers that signed the Austrian State Treaty were France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Germany was not an Allied signatory.
Vyacheslav Molotov, representing the United States, signed the Austrian State Treaty as its Foreign Minister.
Answer: False
Explanation: Vyacheslav Molotov represented the Soviet Union as its Foreign Minister and signed the Austrian State Treaty; he did not represent the United States.
John Foster Dulles was the United Kingdom's minister present at the treaty signing.
Answer: False
Explanation: John Foster Dulles was the United States' Foreign Minister present at the treaty signing; he did not represent the United Kingdom.
Antoine Pinay represented France as its Foreign Minister during the treaty signing.
Answer: True
Explanation: Antoine Pinay served as the Foreign Minister of the French Fourth Republic and was a signatory to the Austrian State Treaty.
Leopold Figl, the Austrian Chancellor, signed the Austrian State Treaty.
Answer: False
Explanation: Leopold Figl signed the Austrian State Treaty, but he did so in his capacity as Austria's Foreign Minister, not as Chancellor.
The Allied occupation of Austria commenced in April 1945, shortly after Austria declared its independence from Nazi Germany.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Allied occupation of Austria began on April 27, 1945. This followed the establishment of a provisional government in Austria that declared its independence from Nazi Germany.
After World War II, Austria was divided into occupation zones administered solely by the United States and the Soviet Union.
Answer: False
Explanation: Austria was divided into four occupation zones, administered by the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and France. Vienna was also divided among these powers.
The last Allied occupation troops departed from Austria on October 25, 1955.
Answer: True
Explanation: The final Allied occupation troops withdrew from Austrian territory on October 25, 1955, fulfilling the treaty's provisions.
Which of the following was NOT among the four main Allied occupying powers that signed the Austrian State Treaty?
Answer: Germany
Explanation: The four Allied occupying powers that signed the Austrian State Treaty were France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Germany was not an Allied signatory.
Who represented the Soviet Union as its Foreign Minister and signed the Austrian State Treaty?
Answer: Vyacheslav Molotov
Explanation: Vyacheslav Molotov represented the Soviet Union as its Foreign Minister and signed the Austrian State Treaty.
Which U.S. official signed the Austrian State Treaty as the Foreign Minister?
Answer: John Foster Dulles
Explanation: John Foster Dulles represented the United States as its Foreign Minister and signed the Austrian State Treaty.
Who was the Austrian foreign minister responsible for signing the Austrian State Treaty?
Answer: Leopold Figl
Explanation: Leopold Figl, the Austrian Foreign Minister, was a signatory to the Austrian State Treaty.
How was Austria divided and administered by the Allied powers following World War II?
Answer: Divided into four occupation zones, with Vienna collectively managed.
Explanation: Following World War II, Austria was divided into four occupation zones, administered by the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and France. Vienna was also divided among these powers and collectively managed.
On what date did the last Allied occupation troops depart from Austrian territory?
Answer: October 25, 1955
Explanation: The final Allied occupation troops withdrew from Austrian territory on October 25, 1955, fulfilling the treaty's provisions.
The image titled 'Vienna Allied sectors (1945-1955).png' illustrates what aspect of post-WWII Austria?
Answer: The division of Vienna into Allied occupation sectors.
Explanation: The image 'Vienna Allied sectors (1945-1955).png' visually represents the specific division of Vienna into Allied sectors during the occupation period from 1945 to 1955.
Who was the United Kingdom's High Commissioner in Austria and a signatory to the treaty?
Answer: Geoffrey Wallinger
Explanation: Geoffrey Wallinger served as the United Kingdom's High Commissioner in Austria and signed the Austrian State Treaty.
Which of the following correctly lists the Foreign Ministers who signed the Austrian State Treaty for the US, UK, France, and USSR respectively?
Answer: Dulles, Macmillan, Pinay, Molotov
Explanation: The signatories were John Foster Dulles (US), Harold Macmillan (UK), Antoine Pinay (France), and Vyacheslav Molotov (USSR).
Austria's promise to declare permanent neutrality was a key factor in securing Allied agreement for its independence.
Answer: True
Explanation: Austria's commitment to declare permanent neutrality was a crucial element that facilitated the Allied powers' agreement for its full independence.
Austria's declaration of permanent neutrality was a secondary provision of the Austrian State Treaty.
Answer: False
Explanation: Austria's declaration of permanent neutrality was one of the most significant and defining provisions of the Austrian State Treaty, not a secondary one.
Article 5 of the Austrian State Treaty allowed Austria to join military alliances like NATO.
Answer: False
Explanation: Article 5 of the Austrian State Treaty explicitly forbids Austria from participating in military alliances and from permitting foreign military bases on its territory.
Austria's commitment to permanent neutrality was integrated into its legal system through a constitutional amendment in 1955.
Answer: True
Explanation: Austria formally enshrined its permanent neutrality into its legal system through an amendment to its 1920 Constitution in 1955.
Austria's neutrality model, often called 'constitutional neutrality,' primarily serves to facilitate its membership in military alliances.
Answer: False
Explanation: Austria's 'constitutional neutrality' model is designed to prevent its membership in military alliances and the establishment of foreign bases, not to facilitate it.
The Declaration of Neutrality by the Austrian Parliament occurred before the departure of Allied troops.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Declaration of Neutrality by the Austrian Parliament on October 26, 1955, occurred after the departure of the last Allied occupation troops.
October 26th is celebrated in Austria primarily to commemorate the withdrawal of Allied occupation troops.
Answer: False
Explanation: October 26th is celebrated in Austria as the national holiday commemorating the anniversary of Austria's Declaration of Neutrality, not the withdrawal of Allied troops.
What crucial commitment did Austria make to secure Allied agreement for its full independence in 1955?
Answer: Declaring permanent neutrality
Explanation: Austria's commitment to declare permanent neutrality was a crucial element that facilitated the Allied powers' agreement for its full independence.
What is considered one of the most significant and defining provisions of the Austrian State Treaty regarding Austria's international stance?
Answer: Austria's declaration of permanent neutrality
Explanation: Austria's declaration of permanent neutrality is considered one of the most significant and defining provisions of the Austrian State Treaty, shaping its international stance.
According to Article 5 of the Austrian State Treaty, what restriction was placed on Austria regarding foreign military presence?
Answer: Austria shall not permit the establishment of any foreign military bases on its territory.
Explanation: Article 5 of the Austrian State Treaty explicitly states that Austria shall not permit the establishment of any foreign military bases on its territory.
How was Austria's commitment to permanent neutrality formally integrated into its domestic law?
Answer: Through an amendment to its 1920 Constitution in 1955.
Explanation: Austria formally enshrined its permanent neutrality into its legal system through an amendment to its 1920 Constitution in 1955.
What national holiday is celebrated in Austria on October 26th, and what event does it commemorate?
Answer: The anniversary of Austria's Declaration of Neutrality.
Explanation: October 26th is celebrated as Austria's national holiday, commemorating the anniversary of Austria's Declaration of Neutrality.
The Austrian State Treaty was primarily based on the principles established in the Potsdam Agreement of 1945.
Answer: False
Explanation: The foundational principles underpinning the Austrian State Treaty were derived from the Moscow Declaration of 1943, not the Potsdam Agreement of 1945.
Following the Anschluss in 1938, the Allied powers immediately declared Austria a liberated nation.
Answer: False
Explanation: After the Anschluss in 1938, Austria was generally considered part of Nazi Germany. The declaration of Austria as a liberated nation came later, notably with the Moscow Declaration of 1943.
The Moscow Declaration of 1943 officially recognized Austria as a perpetrator of Nazi crimes, despite its subsequent liberation.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to its role as a victim, the Moscow Declaration of 1943 did not officially recognize Austria as a perpetrator of Nazi crimes; rather, it posited Austria as the first victim of Nazi aggression.
Early negotiations for a treaty with Austria were delayed because the Allies prioritized concluding a treaty with France first.
Answer: False
Explanation: Early negotiations for a treaty with Austria were significantly delayed due to the Allied powers' initial prioritization of concluding a peace treaty with Germany.
The Cold War significantly eased negotiations for the Austrian State Treaty, leading to its swift conclusion.
Answer: False
Explanation: The geopolitical climate of the Cold War significantly complicated negotiations for the Austrian State Treaty, prolonging its conclusion.
The death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 contributed to a less favorable climate for negotiating the Austrian State Treaty.
Answer: False
Explanation: The death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 and the subsequent period of de-escalation contributed to a more favorable climate for negotiating the Austrian State Treaty.
The Austrian State Treaty was fundamentally based upon the principles laid out in which earlier Allied declaration?
Answer: The Moscow Declaration of 1943
Explanation: The foundational principles underpinning the Austrian State Treaty were derived from the Moscow Declaration of 1943.
According to the Moscow Declaration of 1943, how was Austria's status officially redefined in relation to Nazi Germany?
Answer: As the first victim of Nazi aggression.
Explanation: The Moscow Declaration of 1943 posited Austria as the first victim of Nazi aggression, thereby redefining its status in relation to Nazi Germany.
What geopolitical factor significantly complicated the negotiation process for the Austrian State Treaty after World War II?
Answer: The development of the Cold War
Explanation: The geopolitical climate of the Cold War significantly complicated negotiations for the Austrian State Treaty, prolonging its conclusion.
What significant event in 1953 is noted as improving the climate for Austrian State Treaty negotiations?
Answer: The death of Joseph Stalin
Explanation: The death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 and the subsequent period of de-escalation contributed to a more favorable climate for negotiating the Austrian State Treaty.
What was the primary reason early attempts to negotiate a treaty for Austria failed after World War II?
Answer: Allied insistence on concluding a treaty with Germany first.
Explanation: Early negotiations for a treaty with Austria were significantly delayed due to the Allied powers' initial prioritization of concluding a peace treaty with Germany.
The Moscow Declaration of 1943 marked a significant shift by stating that Austria was:
Answer: The first victim of Nazi aggression.
Explanation: The Moscow Declaration of 1943 posited Austria as the first victim of Nazi aggression, thereby redefining its status in relation to Nazi Germany.
Austria's neutrality model prevents it from participating in United Nations peacekeeping operations.
Answer: False
Explanation: Austria's neutrality model does not prevent participation in UN peacekeeping operations, provided they are conducted in a non-combat role, aligning with its neutral stance.
Switzerland required a constitutional amendment in 1999 to join the United Nations, unlike Austria.
Answer: True
Explanation: Switzerland did require a constitutional amendment in 1999 to join the United Nations, a step not necessary for Austria's earlier UN membership due to its established neutrality framework.
During the Cold War, Austria's neutral status allowed it to act as a diplomatic bridge between the Eastern and Western blocs.
Answer: True
Explanation: Austria's neutral status enabled it to serve as a crucial intermediary for communication and diplomacy between the Eastern and Western blocs during the Cold War.
Austria joined the Warsaw Pact shortly after the Austrian State Treaty came into effect.
Answer: False
Explanation: Austria did not join the Warsaw Pact; its declaration of permanent neutrality precluded participation in such military alliances.
During the Cold War, Austria's neutral status primarily allowed it to function as:
Answer: A bridge for communication and diplomacy between the Eastern and Western blocs.
Explanation: Austria's neutral status enabled it to serve as a crucial intermediary for communication and diplomacy between the Eastern and Western blocs during the Cold War.
What constitutional requirement did Switzerland need to fulfill in 1999 to join the United Nations, a step not required for Austria?
Answer: An amendment to its constitution.
Explanation: Switzerland did require a constitutional amendment in 1999 to join the United Nations, a step not necessary for Austria's earlier UN membership due to its established neutrality framework.
What was the consequence of Austria promising permanent neutrality as stipulated by the Austrian State Treaty?
Answer: It shaped Austria's foreign policy and allowed it to act as a Cold War intermediary.
Explanation: Austria's declaration of permanent neutrality shaped its foreign policy, enabling it to act as a bridge for communication and diplomacy between the Eastern and Western blocs during the Cold War.
The 'Authority control' section provides direct links to the full legal text of the Austrian State Treaty in multiple languages.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Authority control' section provides standardized identifiers linking to cataloging information for the Austrian State Treaty, not direct links to its full legal text.
The multimedia web exhibition at www.staatsvertrag.at provides information on the Austrian State Treaty primarily in English.
Answer: False
Explanation: The multimedia web exhibition at www.staatsvertrag.at provides comprehensive information on the Austrian State Treaty, presented primarily in German.
The image 'Staatsvertragsunterschriften.jpg' depicts the signing ceremony of the German Instrument of Surrender.
Answer: False
Explanation: The image 'Staatsvertragsunterschriften.jpg' depicts the signing ceremony of the Austrian State Treaty, not the German Instrument of Surrender.
What is the official source for accessing the full text of the Austrian State Treaty online?
Answer: The United Kingdom's Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office's UK Treaties Online database
Explanation: The full, official text of the Austrian State Treaty can be accessed online via the United Kingdom's Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office's UK Treaties Online database.
What is the primary language of the multimedia web exhibition at www.staatsvertrag.at regarding the Austrian State Treaty?
Answer: German
Explanation: The multimedia web exhibition at www.staatsvertrag.at provides comprehensive information on the Austrian State Treaty, presented primarily in German.