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Becharof National Wildlife Refuge is classified as an IUCN category I protected area, emphasizing strict nature reserve status.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Becharof National Wildlife Refuge is classified as an IUCN category IV protected area, which designates it as a habitat or species management area, not a strict nature reserve (Category I).
Becharof National Monument was established after the full refuge, by an act of Congress.
Answer: False
Explanation: Becharof National Monument was created by presidential proclamation in 1978, serving as a precursor to the establishment of the full refuge in 1980 by the Alaska National Interest Land Conservation Act (ANILCA).
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service assumed management responsibility for the Becharof Refuge in 1980, concurrently with its establishment.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the refuge was established in 1980, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service assumed management responsibility for it in 1983.
An IUCN category IV protected area is primarily managed for strict wilderness preservation without active human intervention.
Answer: False
Explanation: An IUCN category IV protected area is managed primarily for conservation through active intervention to maintain specific habitats or species, rather than strict wilderness preservation without human intervention (which is more characteristic of Category I or Ib).
The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) established the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge and designated the Becharof Wilderness.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) of 1980 was instrumental in formally establishing the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge and concurrently designating the Becharof Wilderness.
The refuge's administrative offices are located in Anchorage, Alaska.
Answer: False
Explanation: The administrative offices for the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge are located in King Salmon, Alaska, not Anchorage.
What is the primary IUCN protected area category for Becharof National Wildlife Refuge?
Answer: Category IV (Habitat/Species Management Area)
Explanation: The Becharof National Wildlife Refuge is designated as an IUCN Category IV protected area, which focuses on habitat and species management through active intervention.
When was the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge officially established?
Answer: December 2, 1980
Explanation: The Becharof National Wildlife Refuge was officially established on December 2, 1980, through the Alaska National Interest Land Conservation Act (ANILCA).
Which governmental body administers the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge?
Answer: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Explanation: The Becharof National Wildlife Refuge is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, a federal agency responsible for wildlife conservation.
In which Alaskan city are the administrative offices for Becharof National Wildlife Refuge located?
Answer: King Salmon
Explanation: The administrative offices for the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge are located in King Salmon, Alaska.
Who was the U.S. President responsible for the initial creation of Becharof National Monument?
Answer: Jimmy Carter
Explanation: President Jimmy Carter was responsible for the initial creation of Becharof National Monument by presidential proclamation on December 1, 1978.
What legislative act formally established the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge?
Answer: Alaska National Interest Land Conservation Act (ANILCA)
Explanation: The Alaska National Interest Land Conservation Act (ANILCA) formally established the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge on December 2, 1980.
When did the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service assume management responsibility for the Becharof Refuge?
Answer: 1983
Explanation: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service assumed management responsibility for the Becharof Refuge in 1983.
What was the historical context of Becharof National Monument's creation before the establishment of the refuge?
Answer: It was created by presidential proclamation in 1978 as a precursor to the refuge.
Explanation: Becharof National Monument was created by presidential proclamation in 1978 by President Jimmy Carter, serving as a precursor to the establishment of the full National Wildlife Refuge two years later.
The Becharof National Wildlife Refuge is located exclusively within the Kodiak Island Borough.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Becharof National Wildlife Refuge is primarily located in the Lake and Peninsula Borough, with only a portion extending eastward into the mainland section of Kodiak Island Borough.
Becharof National Wildlife Refuge encompasses an area of approximately 4,900 square kilometers.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Becharof National Wildlife Refuge covers approximately 1,200,000 acres, which translates to about 4,900 square kilometers.
Becharof Lake is the largest lake in Alaska and the largest in the entire National Wildlife Refuge System.
Answer: False
Explanation: Becharof Lake is the second-largest lake in Alaska, but it is indeed the largest in the entire National Wildlife Refuge System.
The Ugashik-Peulik volcano is a prominent geographical feature within the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Ugashik-Peulik volcano is indeed located within the mountainous coastline of the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge, forming a significant part of its rugged landscape.
Becharof Lake is approximately 15 miles long and 35 miles wide.
Answer: False
Explanation: Becharof Lake is approximately 35 miles (56 kilometers) long and 15 miles (24 kilometers) wide, meaning the question reverses the length and width.
Becharof National Wildlife Refuge is located in the Aleutian Range of the Alaska Peninsula.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Becharof National Wildlife Refuge is indeed situated in the Aleutian Range of the Alaska Peninsula in southwestern Alaska.
The Ugashik-Peulik volcano is a glacially formed lake within the refuge.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Ugashik-Peulik is a volcano, a prominent geographical feature, not a glacially formed lake. The refuge does contain glacially formed lakes, but the volcano itself is not one.
In which geographical region of Alaska is Becharof National Wildlife Refuge primarily located?
Answer: Aleutian Range of the Alaska Peninsula
Explanation: The Becharof National Wildlife Refuge is primarily situated in the Aleutian Range of the Alaska Peninsula in southwestern Alaska.
What is the approximate total area of the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge in square kilometers?
Answer: 4,900 square kilometers
Explanation: The Becharof National Wildlife Refuge covers approximately 1,200,000 acres, which is equivalent to about 4,900 square kilometers.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a geographical feature found within the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge?
Answer: Extensive deserts
Explanation: The Becharof National Wildlife Refuge features a mountainous coastline, the Ugashik-Peulik volcano, steep cliffs, broad valleys, fjords, tundra, and glacially formed lakes. Extensive deserts are not listed as a characteristic feature.
What is the significance of Becharof Lake within the National Wildlife Refuge System?
Answer: It is the largest lake in the system.
Explanation: Becharof Lake is notable as the largest lake within the entire National Wildlife Refuge System.
What is the approximate depth of Becharof Lake at its deepest point?
Answer: 600 feet (180 meters)
Explanation: Becharof Lake reaches a maximum depth of 600 feet (180 meters) at its deepest point.
What is the relationship between Becharof National Wildlife Refuge and Katmai National Park and Preserve?
Answer: They are geographically adjacent to each other.
Explanation: The Becharof National Wildlife Refuge is geographically adjacent to Katmai National Park and Preserve, forming a larger contiguous protected area.
What type of landform, besides mountains and valleys, characterizes the refuge's landscape?
Answer: Fjords and tundra
Explanation: Beyond mountains and broad valleys, the refuge's landscape is also characterized by fjords, tundra, and glacially formed lakes.
The primary objectives for establishing the refuge included conserving major populations of brown bears, salmon, and migratory birds.
Answer: True
Explanation: The refuge was established with the primary objectives of conserving major populations of brown bears, salmon, migratory birds, caribou, marine birds, and mammals, among other goals.
Becharof Lake is globally significant for containing the world's largest run of sockeye salmon.
Answer: False
Explanation: Becharof Lake is globally significant for containing the world's *second-largest* run of sockeye salmon, not the largest.
The abundant salmon populations in Becharof National Wildlife Refuge support the largest concentrations of brown bears in Alaska.
Answer: True
Explanation: The abundant salmon populations within the refuge provide a crucial food source that sustains the largest concentrations of brown bears in Alaska.
The Naknek River basin is a crucial habitat for thousands of ducks, geese, and swans that breed on the Alaska Peninsula.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Naknek River basin serves as a vital habitat, providing a crucial environment for thousands of ducks, geese, and swans that subsequently populate breeding areas on the Alaska Peninsula.
Becharof Lake's tributaries contribute an estimated six million adult salmon annually to the Bristol Bay fishery.
Answer: True
Explanation: Becharof Lake and its tributaries are estimated to provide the Bristol Bay fishery with six million adult salmon annually, highlighting its significant ecological and economic contribution.
Only freshwater mammals like beaver and river otter are found in the refuge, not marine mammals.
Answer: False
Explanation: The refuge is home to both freshwater mammals like beaver and river otter, as well as marine mammals such as seals, sea lions, sea otters, and whales along its shores.
The primary reason for the large concentration of brown bears in the refuge is the abundance of caribou.
Answer: False
Explanation: The primary reason for the large concentration of brown bears in the refuge is the abundant salmon populations, which serve as an essential food source.
Which of the following was NOT listed as a primary conservation objective for the establishment of Becharof National Wildlife Refuge?
Answer: Protecting rare geological formations
Explanation: The primary objectives for establishing the refuge included conserving major populations of brown bears, salmon, migratory birds, caribou, marine birds, and mammals, as well as fulfilling treaty obligations. Protecting rare geological formations was not explicitly listed.
What is the global significance of Becharof Lake regarding salmon populations?
Answer: It has the world's second-largest run of sockeye salmon.
Explanation: Becharof Lake is globally significant for hosting the world's second-largest run of sockeye salmon.
What significant predator population is sustained by the high salmon levels in Becharof National Wildlife Refuge?
Answer: Brown bears
Explanation: The abundant salmon populations in the refuge are crucial for sustaining the largest concentrations of brown bears in Alaska.
Besides brown bears and salmon, which of the following groups of animals are also found in Becharof National Wildlife Refuge?
Answer: Wolf packs, wolverine, and marine mammals
Explanation: In addition to brown bears and salmon, the refuge is home to diverse wildlife including wolf packs, wolverine, river otter, beaver, caribou, seals, sea lions, sea otters, and whales.
Why is the Naknek River basin considered an important wildlife habitat within the park?
Answer: It provides a crucial environment for thousands of ducks, geese, and swans.
Explanation: The Naknek River basin is a crucial environment for thousands of ducks, geese, and swans that utilize it for breeding and habitat.
Which of these bird species is NOT specifically mentioned as being observed in Becharof National Wildlife Refuge during the winter months?
Answer: American flamingo
Explanation: The source material lists bald eagle, willow ptarmigan, and common redpoll among birds observed in winter, but American flamingo is not mentioned.
How many adult salmon are estimated to be provided annually to the Bristol Bay fishery by Becharof Lake and its tributaries?
Answer: Six million
Explanation: Becharof Lake and its tributaries are estimated to contribute six million adult salmon annually to the Bristol Bay fishery.
Which of the following marine mammals can be found along the shores of Becharof National Wildlife Refuge?
Answer: Seals, sea lions, and whales
Explanation: Marine mammals such as seals, sea lions, sea otters, and whales are found along the shores of Becharof National Wildlife Refuge.
Land bird studies conducted from 1995-1998 focused solely on identifying new species within the refuge.
Answer: False
Explanation: The land bird studies conducted from 1995-1998 aimed to determine species presence, distribution, habitat use, and migratory patterns, not solely to identify new species.
Biologists monitored only seabird activity in the park from 2001 through 2003.
Answer: False
Explanation: From 2001 through 2003, biologists monitored seabird activity, along with caribou and Alaskan moose populations.
The refuge collaborates with the University of Alaska Fairbanks to research moose activity in the drainage basin east of the Ugashik Lakes.
Answer: True
Explanation: The refuge is affiliated with the Alaska Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit at the University of Alaska Fairbanks to conduct research into moose activity in the drainage basin east of the Ugashik Lakes.
Waterfowl monitoring in the Naknek River basin occurs annually from June through August.
Answer: False
Explanation: Waterfowl monitoring in the Naknek River basin is conducted annually from mid-March through mid-May, not from June through August.
The land bird studies conducted from 1995-1998 took place at various locations around Becharof Lake.
Answer: True
Explanation: Extensive land bird studies were indeed conducted from 1995 through 1998 at various locations around Becharof Lake.
What was the primary purpose of the extensive land bird studies conducted in the refuge from 1995 through 1998?
Answer: To determine species presence, distribution, habitat use, and migratory patterns
Explanation: The land bird studies conducted from 1995 through 1998 aimed to gather comprehensive data on species presence, distribution, habitat use, and migratory patterns of land birds within the refuge.
Which wildlife populations were specifically monitored by biologists in the park from 2001 through 2003?
Answer: Seabird activity, caribou, and Alaskan moose
Explanation: From 2001 through 2003, biologists in the park specifically monitored seabird activity, along with caribou and Alaskan moose populations.
With which academic institution is the refuge affiliated for research into moose activity?
Answer: University of Alaska Fairbanks
Explanation: The refuge collaborates with the Alaska Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit at the University of Alaska Fairbanks for research into moose activity.
During which period do refuge biologists monitor waterfowl in the Naknek River basin?
Answer: Mid-March through mid-May
Explanation: Refuge biologists monitor waterfowl in the Naknek River basin annually from mid-March through mid-May.
The Becharof Wilderness, covering 500,000 acres, was designated by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act in 1980.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Becharof Wilderness, encompassing approximately 500,000 acres (2,000 square kilometers), was indeed designated in 1980 by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA).
The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill primarily impacted Prince William Sound, with minimal effects on the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge.
Answer: False
Explanation: The park areas of the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge were heavily impacted by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, with Puale Bay noted as the most heavily oiled bay outside of Prince William Sound.
The Becharof Wilderness is bordered by the Katmai Wilderness to the south.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Becharof Wilderness is bordered by the Katmai Wilderness to the *north*, not the south.
Puale Bay was the most heavily oiled bay within Prince William Sound during the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill.
Answer: False
Explanation: Puale Bay was the most heavily oiled bay *outside* of Prince William Sound during the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, not within it.
What is the approximate size of the Becharof Wilderness within the refuge?
Answer: 2,000 square kilometers
Explanation: The Becharof Wilderness covers approximately 500,000 acres, which is equivalent to about 2,000 square kilometers.
Which bay within the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge was noted as the most heavily oiled outside of Prince William Sound during the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill?
Answer: Puale Bay
Explanation: Puale Bay, located within the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge, was identified as the most heavily oiled bay outside of Prince William Sound during the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill.
What was the significance of Puale Bay during the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill?
Answer: It was the most heavily oiled bay outside of Prince William Sound.
Explanation: Puale Bay was identified as the most heavily oiled bay outside of Prince William Sound during the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, indicating severe environmental impact within the refuge.