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The earliest efforts to translate the Bible into Polish commenced in the 13th century, with complete translations appearing in the 16th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source indicates that the earliest Bible translation attempts into Polish began in the 13th century, with full translations becoming available in the 16th century.
The St. Florian's Psalter is the oldest surviving Polish translation of the Bible and is notable for being written exclusively in Polish.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the St. Florian's Psalter is indeed the oldest surviving Polish Bible translation, it is notable for being trilingual, written in Latin, Polish, and German, not exclusively in Polish.
Władysław Nehring published a critical edition of the Polish part of the St. Florian's Psalter in Poznań in 1883.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Władysław Nehring published a critical edition of the Polish section of the St. Florian's Psalter in Poznań in 1883.
The Puławy Psalter is chronologically older than the St. Florian's Psalter, dating from the early 14th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Puławy Psalter dates from the end of the 15th century, making it more recent than the St. Florian's Psalter, which is a 14th-century manuscript.
The 'Queen Sophia's Bible' was an incomplete Bible intended for Sophia of Halshany and included books such as Genesis, Joshua, and Ruth.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source explicitly states that the 'Queen Sophia's Bible' was an incomplete translation for Sophia of Halshany and lists Genesis, Joshua, and Ruth among its contents.
When did the earliest Bible translations into Polish begin?
Answer: 13th century
Explanation: The earliest efforts to translate the Bible into Polish are documented as beginning in the 13th century.
What is the oldest surviving Polish translation of the Bible, known for being a manuscript from the second half of the 14th century?
Answer: The St. Florian's Psalter
Explanation: The St. Florian's Psalter is identified as the oldest surviving Polish translation of the Bible, a manuscript dating from the second half of the 14th century.
Władysław Nehring published a critical edition of the Polish section of the St. Florian's Psalter in Poznań in which year?
Answer: 1883
Explanation: Władysław Nehring published his critical edition of the Polish part of the St. Florian's Psalter in Poznań in 1883.
Which of the following books was NOT explicitly listed as included in the incomplete 'Queen Sophia's Bible' dating to before 1455?
Answer: Psalms
Explanation: The 'Queen Sophia's Bible' included Genesis, Ruth, and Tobit, but Psalms is not listed among the books explicitly mentioned in the provided source.
The Puławy Psalter, currently located in Kraków, dates from which period?
Answer: End of the 15th century
Explanation: The Puławy Psalter is stated to date from the end of the 15th century.
The Protestant Reformation significantly boosted Bible translation efforts in Poland due to the demand for vernacular religious texts.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Protestant Reformation is identified as a key factor that significantly increased Bible translation activity in Poland, driven by the need for religious texts in the Polish language.
The Brest Bible was the first complete Catholic Bible translated into Polish, commissioned by Mikołaj 'the Black' Radziwiłł.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Brest Bible was indeed the first complete Bible translated into Polish and commissioned by Mikołaj 'the Black' Radziwiłł, but it was a Protestant Bible, not a Catholic one.
Jan Seklucjan was responsible for preparing and publishing a New Testament translation in Königsberg in 1551 and 1552.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms Jan Seklucjan's role in preparing and publishing a New Testament translation in Königsberg during 1551 and 1552.
The translators of the Brest Bible exclusively used the Latin Vulgate for the Old Testament.
Answer: False
Explanation: For the Old Testament, the translators of the Brest Bible consulted the Hebrew text, ancient versions, and various modern Latin versions, not exclusively the Latin Vulgate.
After the Reformed church split in 1565, the Calvinist Ecclesia Major suspected the Brest Bible of Arian interpretations.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that following the 1565 split, the Calvinist Ecclesia Major indeed suspected the Brest Bible of containing Arian interpretations.
Symon Budny praised the Brest Bible for its faithful rendering from original texts, despite its elegant Polish.
Answer: False
Explanation: Symon Budny criticized the Brest Bible, charging that it was not prepared from original texts but from the Vulgate and other modern versions, prioritizing elegant Polish over faithful rendering.
Symon Budny disclaimed his 1572 New Testament due to unapproved changes and later withdrew some of his Judaizing readings in subsequent editions.
Answer: True
Explanation: Symon Budny disclaimed his 1572 New Testament due to unauthorized changes and subsequently withdrew some of his Judaizing and Talmudic readings in his 1589 edition.
Marcin Czechowic published the Polish Brethren's New Testament in 1577, incorporating Socinian ideas like using 'immersion' instead of 'baptism'.
Answer: True
Explanation: Marcin Czechowic published the Polish Brethren's New Testament in 1577, explicitly incorporating Socinian ideas such as the use of 'immersion' in place of 'baptism'.
The Brest Bible remained the standard Bible for all Evangelical Poles throughout the 17th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Gdańsk Bible superseded the Brest Bible and became the standard for all Evangelical Poles, indicating the Brest Bible did not maintain its standard status throughout the 17th century.
The Gdańsk Bible's revision was a collaborative effort involving members of the Reformed, Lutheran, and Moravian confessions.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source explicitly states that the revision of the Gdańsk Bible was a collaborative effort involving members from the Reformed, Lutheran, and Moravian confessions.
The complete Gdańsk Bible was issued in 1606 and was essentially a minor revision of the Brest Bible.
Answer: False
Explanation: The complete Gdańsk Bible was issued in 1632, not 1606, and it differed significantly from the Brest Bible, being considered a new translation rather than a minor revision.
What major historical event significantly increased Bible translation activity in Poland?
Answer: The Protestant Reformation
Explanation: The Protestant Reformation is identified as the major historical event that significantly increased Bible translation activity in Poland.
Who commissioned the creation of the Brest Bible, the first complete Bible translated into Polish?
Answer: Mikołaj 'the Black' Radziwiłł
Explanation: Mikołaj 'the Black' Radziwiłł commissioned the Brest Bible, which was the first complete Bible translated into Polish.
In what city did Jan Seklucjan publish his New Testament translations in 1551 and 1552?
Answer: Königsberg
Explanation: Jan Seklucjan published his New Testament translations in Königsberg in 1551 and 1552.
Which of the following was NOT a source consulted by the translators of the Brest Bible for the Old Testament?
Answer: The Greek Septuagint exclusively
Explanation: The translators of the Brest Bible consulted the Hebrew text, ancient versions, and various modern Latin versions for the Old Testament, but not the Greek Septuagint exclusively.
Why did the Calvinist Ecclesia Major become suspicious of the Brest Bible after the Reformed church split in 1565?
Answer: They suspected it contained Arian interpretations.
Explanation: The Calvinist Ecclesia Major became suspicious of the Brest Bible due to concerns that it contained Arian interpretations following the 1565 church split.
What was Symon Budny's primary criticism of the Brest Bible?
Answer: It was not prepared from original texts but from the Vulgate and other modern versions.
Explanation: Symon Budny's primary criticism of the Brest Bible was that it was not translated from original texts but from the Vulgate and other modern versions, prioritizing elegant Polish over faithful rendering.
In which city did Symon Budny publish his own translation of the Bible in 1572?
Answer: Nesvizh
Explanation: Symon Budny published his own translation of the Bible in Nesvizh in 1572.
What theological idea did Marcin Czechowic incorporate into the Polish Brethren's New Testament, such as using 'immersion' instead of 'baptism'?
Answer: Socinian ideas
Explanation: Marcin Czechowic incorporated Socinian ideas, such as the use of 'immersion' instead of 'baptism,' into the Polish Brethren's New Testament.
Which Bible ultimately became the standard for all Evangelical Poles, superseding the Brest Bible?
Answer: The Gdańsk Bible
Explanation: The Gdańsk Bible superseded the Brest Bible and became the standard Bible for all Evangelical Poles.
The revision of the Gdańsk Bible was a collaborative effort entrusted to members of which confessions?
Answer: Reformed, Lutheran, and Moravian
Explanation: The revision of the Gdańsk Bible was a collaborative effort involving members of the Reformed, Lutheran, and Moravian confessions.
When was the complete Gdańsk Bible issued?
Answer: 1632
Explanation: The complete Gdańsk Bible was issued in 1632.
Symon Budny's 1572 New Testament was disclaimed due to what reason?
Answer: Unapproved changes introduced during printing.
Explanation: Symon Budny disclaimed his 1572 New Testament specifically due to unapproved changes introduced during the printing process.
What was the primary criticism of the Brest Bible by the Radical Ecclesia Minor after the 1565 split?
Answer: It was not accurate enough, particularly regarding adherence to original texts.
Explanation: The Radical Ecclesia Minor criticized the Brest Bible for its perceived lack of accuracy, especially concerning its fidelity to original texts, following the 1565 split.
Which of Symon Budny's New Testament editions saw him withdraw some of his Judaizing and Talmudic readings?
Answer: The 1589 edition.
Explanation: Symon Budny withdrew some of his Judaizing and Talmudic readings in his 1589 edition of the New Testament.
Before Jakub Wujek's work, the Biblia Leopolity, translated by Jan Nicz of Lwów, was the primary Catholic Bible translation.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source identifies the Biblia Leopolity, translated by Jan Nicz of Lwów, as the primary Catholic Bible translation prior to Jakub Wujek's contributions.
Jakub Wujek praised the Brest Bible for its theological accuracy and recommended it for Catholic readers.
Answer: False
Explanation: Jakub Wujek criticized the Brest Bible, asserting that it contained heresies and translation errors, and did not recommend it for Catholic readers.
Jakub Wujek's New Testament, first published in 1593, included 'teachings and warnings' specifically addressing Protestant versions.
Answer: True
Explanation: The first copies of Jakub Wujek's New Testament, published in 1593, indeed contained 'teachings and warnings' specifically aimed at Protestant versions of the Bible.
The complete Jakub Wujek Bible was published in 1593, primarily following the Hebrew text.
Answer: False
Explanation: The complete Jakub Wujek Bible was published in 1599, not 1593, and it primarily followed the Latin Vulgate, not the Hebrew text.
Who translated the Biblia Leopolity, the primary Catholic Bible before Jakub Wujek's work?
Answer: Jan Nicz of Lwów
Explanation: The Biblia Leopolity was translated by Jan Nicz of Lwów (Jan Leopolita).
What was Jakub Wujek's main criticism of the Brest Bible?
Answer: It contained heresies and translation errors.
Explanation: Jakub Wujek's main criticism of the Brest Bible was his assertion that it contained heresies and translation errors.
When were the first copies of Jakub Wujek's New Testament published?
Answer: 1593
Explanation: The first copies of Jakub Wujek's New Testament were published in 1593.
What was the primary source text for the complete Jakub Wujek Bible, published in 1599?
Answer: The Latin Vulgate
Explanation: The complete Jakub Wujek Bible, published in 1599, primarily followed the Latin Vulgate as its source text.
Which of the following Bibles was published in 1561 and was the primary Catholic Bible translation before Jakub Wujek's work?
Answer: The Biblia Leopolity
Explanation: The Biblia Leopolity, published in 1561, was the primary Catholic Bible translation before Jakub Wujek's contributions.
What was the purpose of the 'teachings and warnings' included in Jakub Wujek's New Testament, published in 1593?
Answer: To address Protestant versions of the Bible.
Explanation: The 'teachings and warnings' in Jakub Wujek's 1593 New Testament were specifically included to address Protestant versions of the Bible.
The Millennium Bible, first published in 1965, is currently the official and most popular Bible translation for Roman Catholics in Poland.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Millennium Bible, first published in 1965, is recognized as the official and most popular Bible translation for Roman Catholics in Poland today.
The Millennium Bible was published in 1965 to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the Baptism of Poland.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Millennium Bible was published in 1965 to commemorate the *millennium* (1000th anniversary) of the 966 C.E. Baptism of Poland, not the 500th anniversary.
The Poznań Bible and the Biblia Warszawsko-Praska are other popular Catholic Bible translations in Poland besides the Millennium Bible.
Answer: True
Explanation: In addition to the Millennium Bible, the Poznań Bible and the Biblia Warszawsko-Praska are cited as other popular Catholic Bible translations in Poland.
Polish Protestants adopted the Warsaw Bible as their modern translation after widely using the Gdańsk Bible.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that Polish Protestants, following their extensive use of the Gdańsk Bible, subsequently adopted the Warsaw Bible as their modern translation.
Jehovah's Witnesses in Poland use the Millennium Bible as their primary translation.
Answer: False
Explanation: Jehovah's Witnesses in Poland use the Przekład Nowego Świata (New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures) as their primary translation, not the Millennium Bible.
The Uwspółcześniona Biblia Gdańska (UBG) is a grammatical update of the Gdańsk Bible New Testament, published in 2009.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Uwspółcześniona Biblia Gdańska (UBG) is described as a grammatical update of the Gdańsk Bible New Testament, published in 2009.
The image caption 'Przeklady biblijne - Czeslaw Milosz.jpg' refers to Bible translations made by a renowned Polish poet.
Answer: True
Explanation: The image caption 'Przeklady biblijne - Czeslaw Milosz.jpg' specifically references Bible translations undertaken by the acclaimed Polish poet Czesław Miłosz.
What is the official and most popular Bible translation for Roman Catholics in Poland today?
Answer: The Millennium Bible
Explanation: The Millennium Bible is currently recognized as the official and most popular Bible translation for Roman Catholics in Poland.
The Millennium Bible was published in 1965 to commemorate what historical event?
Answer: The millennium of the 966 C.E. Baptism of Poland
Explanation: The Millennium Bible was published in 1965 to commemorate the millennium (1000th anniversary) of the 966 C.E. Baptism of Poland.
Which modern Bible translation did Polish Protestants adopt after the Gdańsk Bible?
Answer: The Warsaw Bible
Explanation: Polish Protestants adopted the Warsaw Bible as their modern translation after extensively using the Gdańsk Bible.
What is the name of the Polish Bible translation used by Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: Przekład Nowego Świata
Explanation: Jehovah's Witnesses in Poland use the Przekład Nowego Świata (New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures).
When was the complete Przekład Nowego Świata (New World Translation) published in Polish?
Answer: 1997
Explanation: The complete Przekład Nowego Świata (New World Translation) was published in Polish in 1997.
Who published the Uwspółcześniona Biblia Gdańska (UBG) New Testament in 2009?
Answer: Foundation Wrota Nadziei
Explanation: The Uwspółcześniona Biblia Gdańska (UBG) New Testament was published in 2009 by the Foundation Wrota Nadziei.
What is the primary characteristic of the Uwspółcześniona Biblia Gdańska (UBG)?
Answer: It is a grammatical update of the Gdańsk Bible New Testament.
Explanation: The Uwspółcześniona Biblia Gdańska (UBG) is primarily characterized as a grammatical update of the Gdańsk Bible New Testament.
Which Polish poet is referenced for making Bible translations published between 1977 and 1989?
Answer: Czesław Miłosz
Explanation: The renowned Polish poet Czesław Miłosz is referenced for his Bible translations published between 1977 and 1989.
Which of the following is NOT a popular Catholic Bible translation in Poland besides the Millennium Bible?
Answer: The Gdańsk Bible
Explanation: The Gdańsk Bible is a Protestant translation and is not listed among the popular modern Catholic Bible translations alongside the Millennium, Poznań, and Warszawsko-Praska Bibles.
The Brest Bible (1563) translates Genesis 1:1 as 'Naprzód stworzył Bóg niebo i ziemię.'
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that the Brest Bible (1563) renders Genesis 1:1 as 'Naprzód stworzył Bóg niebo i ziemię.'
The Jakub Wujek Bible (1599) and the Gdańsk Bible (1632) have significantly different translations for Genesis 1:1.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Jakub Wujek Bible (1599) and the Gdańsk Bible (1632) provide identical translations for Genesis 1:1: 'Na początku stworzył Bóg niebo i ziemię.'
The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (2018) uses 'niebiosa' (heavens) instead of 'niebo' (heaven) in its translation of Genesis 1:1.
Answer: True
Explanation: The New World Translation (2018) distinctly uses 'niebiosa' (heavens) in its Genesis 1:1 translation, differing from earlier versions that use 'niebo' (heaven).
The Brest Bible (1563) and the Millennium Bible (1965) use identical phrasing for John 3:16.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Brest Bible (1563) and the Millennium Bible (1965) use different phrasing for John 3:16, with the Millennium Bible employing more modernized language like 'Tak bowiem' and 'życie wieczne'.
The Gdańsk Bible (1632) introduces 'każdy' (everyone) instead of 'wszelki' (whosoever) in its translation of John 3:16 compared to earlier versions like the Brest Bible.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Gdańsk Bible (1632) notably replaces 'wszelki' (whosoever) with 'każdy' (everyone) in its John 3:16 translation, a change from earlier versions such as the Brest Bible.
The Warsaw Bible (1975) significantly modernizes the language of John 3:16, making it very different from the Gdańsk Bible.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Warsaw Bible (1975) translation of John 3:16 is quite similar to the Gdańsk Bible, indicating it does not represent a significant modernization or divergence.
The Updated Gdańsk Bible (2009) uses 'życie wieczne' (eternal life) in its translation of John 3:16, similar to the Millennium Bible.
Answer: True
Explanation: Both the Updated Gdańsk Bible (2009) and the Millennium Bible (1965) employ the phrase 'życie wieczne' (eternal life) in their respective translations of John 3:16.
How does the Brest Bible (1563) commence its translation of Genesis 1:1?
Answer: Naprzód stworzył Bóg niebo i ziemię.
Explanation: The Brest Bible (1563) begins its translation of Genesis 1:1 with the phrase 'Naprzód stworzył Bóg niebo i ziemię.'
Which two Bible translations provide an identical rendering of Genesis 1:1 as '(1) Na początku stworzył Bóg niebo i ziemię.'?
Answer: Jakub Wujek Bible (1599) and Gdańsk Bible (1632)
Explanation: The Jakub Wujek Bible (1599) and the Gdańsk Bible (1632) both render Genesis 1:1 identically as '(1) Na początku stworzył Bóg niebo i ziemię.'
What distinct word does the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (2018) use for 'heavens' in Genesis 1:1, compared to earlier versions?
Answer: niebiosa
Explanation: The New World Translation (2018) uses the plural 'niebiosa' (heavens) in Genesis 1:1, distinguishing it from earlier versions that typically use the singular 'niebo' (heaven).
Which translation of John 3:16 introduces 'każdy' (everyone) instead of 'wszelki' (whosoever)?
Answer: Gdańsk Bible (1632)
Explanation: The Gdańsk Bible (1632) is noted for introducing 'każdy' (everyone) in its John 3:16 translation, a departure from earlier uses of 'wszelki' (whosoever).
The Millennium Bible (1965) and the Updated Gdańsk Bible (2009) both use which phrase for 'eternal life' in John 3:16?
Answer: życie wieczne
Explanation: Both the Millennium Bible (1965) and the Updated Gdańsk Bible (2009) utilize the phrase 'życie wieczne' for 'eternal life' in their John 3:16 translations.
Which of the following translations of John 3:16 uses the opening phrase 'Tak bowiem Bóg umiłował świat'?
Answer: Millennium Bible (1965)
Explanation: The Millennium Bible (1965) uses the opening phrase 'Tak bowiem Bóg umiłował świat' in its translation of John 3:16.
The image caption for 'Karta z Biblii Królowej Zofii.jpeg' depicts a page from the St. Florian's Psalter.
Answer: False
Explanation: The image caption 'Karta z Biblii Królowej Zofii.jpeg' depicts a page from Queen Sofia's Bible, not the St. Florian's Psalter.
The image caption 'Psałterz florianski1.jpg' describes a significant manuscript from which century?
Answer: 14th century
Explanation: The image caption 'Psałterz florianski1.jpg' refers to Saint Florian's Psalter, a significant 14th-century manuscript.
According to the source, what does the image caption 'Biblia brzeska-page.jpg' illustrate?
Answer: A dedication from the Protestant Brest Bible
Explanation: The image caption 'Biblia brzeska-page.jpg' illustrates a dedication from the Protestant Brest Bible.
The image caption 'Polish Biblia Gdanska.JPG' refers to a Protestant Gdańsk Bible from which year, highlighting its continued use?
Answer: 1959
Explanation: The image caption 'Polish Biblia Gdanska.JPG' specifically refers to a Protestant Gdańsk Bible from 1959, indicating its continued use.
The image caption 'Titlle page - Biblia to iest ksiegi Starego y Nowego Testamentv 1599 (91544486).jpg' refers to the title page of which Bible?
Answer: The Jakub Wujek Bible
Explanation: The image caption 'Titlle page - Biblia to iest ksiegi Starego y Nowego Testamentv 1599 (91544486).jpg' identifies the title page of the Jakub Wujek Bible.