Explanation: Bihar is situated in Eastern India, not Western India. It shares its northern border with Nepal, its western border with Uttar Pradesh, its eastern border with West Bengal, and its southern border with Jharkhand.

Explanation: The Ganges River is a major geographical feature of Bihar, flowing from west to east and dividing the state into distinct northern and southern regions, contributing to the fertile plains.

Explanation: Bihar's geography is characterized by the Bihar Plain, which is divided into North Bihar and South Bihar by the Ganges River. It also includes the Shivalik region in the north and the Southern Plateau in the south.

Explanation: The Ganges River is a defining feature of Bihar's geography, flowing through the state and creating fertile alluvial plains crucial for agriculture, while also dividing the state into northern and southern regions.

Explanation: Bihar experiences a humid subtropical climate. While winters are pleasant, the climate is characterized by hot summers, a monsoon season, and mild winters.

Explanation: Bihar is home to significant protected areas, including Valmiki National Park, which also serves as a Tiger Reserve, and the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary, dedicated to conserving the endangered Gangetic dolphin.

Explanation: Bihar is situated in Eastern India, bordering Uttar Pradesh to the west, Nepal to the north, West Bengal to the east, and Jharkhand to the south.

Explanation: Bihar shares its western border with the state of Uttar Pradesh.

Explanation: The Ganges River is the central geographical feature of Bihar, flowing from west to east and dividing the state into North Bihar and South Bihar.

Explanation: Bihar experiences a humid subtropical climate, characterized by distinct hot summers, a monsoon season, and cool winters.

Explanation: Both the Maurya Empire and the Gupta Empire, a period often called the Golden Age of India, originated from the Magadha region of Bihar, underscoring the state's historical significance.

Explanation: Gautama Buddha founded Buddhism, and Mahavira played a key role in Jainism. Both religious figures had significant connections to Bihar, contributing to its spiritual heritage.

Explanation: The decline of Buddhism in Bihar during the medieval period is largely attributed to invasions, such as those by Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji, which led to the destruction of prominent monastic centers like Nalanda and Vikramashila.

Explanation: The Gupta Empire, often celebrated as the Golden Age of India for its advancements in arts, sciences, and literature, originated from the Magadha region of Bihar.

Explanation: The decline of Buddhism in Bihar during the medieval period is strongly linked to invasions, particularly those by Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji, which resulted in the destruction of major Buddhist centers of learning.

Explanation: Ancient centers of learning such as Nalanda, Odantapurā, and Vikramashila were located in Bihar. These renowned universities were destroyed around 1200 CE, marking a significant loss to Buddhist scholarship.

Explanation: The state of Jharkhand was formed on November 15, 2000, from a portion of southern Bihar, not northern Bihar.

Explanation: The British East India Company acquired the 'diwani' rights for Bihar, Bengal, and Odisha following the Battle of Buxar in 1764, not the Battle of Plassey in 1757.

Explanation: The Champaran Satyagraha, a pivotal event in India's independence movement, was launched in 1917 to protest the oppressive indigo cultivation system imposed by European planters on farmers in the Champaran district of Bihar.

Explanation: Naxalism in Bihar, particularly in regions like Bhojpur, was often characterized by caste conflicts, where landless laborers, predominantly from Schedule Castes and Other Backward Castes, were pitted against landlords from dominant castes.

Explanation: The British East India Company acquired the 'diwani' rights for Bihar, Bengal, and Odisha after their victory in the Battle of Buxar in 1764.

Explanation: The Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 was initiated by Mahatma Gandhi, at the request of local farmers like Raj Kumar Shukla, to protest against the exploitative indigo cultivation practices.

Explanation: The Kisan Sabha movement, which began in Bihar in 1929 under leaders like Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, arose from grievances against the zamindari system and threats to peasant rights.

Explanation: The rise of naxalism in Bihar's Bhojpur district was fueled by socio-economic factors such as the persistence of feudal practices, caste-based humiliation, and the failure to implement effective land reforms.

Explanation: The name 'Bihar' is derived from the Sanskrit and Pali word 'vihāra,' signifying 'abode.' This etymology reflects the historical presence of numerous Buddhist monasteries in the region.

Explanation: The Mithila region in Bihar holds significant cultural importance, historically being the seat of the Videha kingdom and associated with the epic Ramayana through its princess, Sita.

Explanation: The official languages of Bihar are Hindi and Urdu. While Hindi is widely used, Urdu is also recognized, and several Bihari languages like Bhojpuri and Maithili are spoken natively.

Explanation: The name 'Bihar' originates from the Sanskrit and Pali word 'vihāra,' which means 'abode,' historically referring to Buddhist monasteries.

Explanation: Mithila painting, a renowned traditional art form from Bihar, is also widely known as Madhubani art, celebrated for its intricate designs and cultural significance.

Explanation: The Sonepur Mela is renowned as Asia's largest cattle fair, attracting participants and visitors from across the region for trade and cultural exchange.

Explanation: Nalanda Mahavihara, the archaeological remains of an ancient center of learning, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Bihar.

Explanation: The Maithili film 'Mithila Makhaan' holds significance as it received the National Film Award for Best Maithili Film in 2016, highlighting the quality of regional cinema from Bihar.

Explanation: The official languages of Bihar are Hindi and Urdu, though several Bihari languages like Bhojpuri, Maithili, and Magahi are widely spoken by the populace.

Explanation: Bihar does not hold principal reserves of coal. However, it possesses significant reserves of pyrite and recently discovered gold deposits in the Jamui district.

Explanation: The services sector is the largest contributor to Bihar's Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP), accounting for a significantly larger share than the industry or agriculture sectors.

Explanation: Bihar is recognized as a major agricultural producer, cultivating important crops such as litchi, mango, rice, and wheat, alongside other fruits and vegetables.

Explanation: Begusarai is recognized as the industrial and financial capital of Bihar, hosting major industrial units, while Patna serves as the administrative and political capital.

Explanation: Patna recorded the highest per capita Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) in Bihar for FY 2022-23, indicating its leading economic position within the state.

Explanation: Bihar is a significant producer of litchi, sugarcane, rice, wheat, and various other fruits and vegetables, but cotton is not listed among its major agricultural products.

Explanation: Begusarai is recognized as the industrial and financial capital of Bihar, hosting major industrial units.

Explanation: Patna recorded the highest per capita Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) in Bihar for FY 2022-23, indicating its leading economic position within the state.

Explanation: For administrative purposes, Bihar is structured into nine divisions and 38 districts, facilitating governance and public service delivery across the state.

Explanation: The Janata Dal (United) (JDU) is a significant political party in Bihar, but it is a constituent of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), not the United Progressive Alliance (UPA).

Explanation: The government led by Nitish Kumar enacted a statewide prohibition on alcohol consumption, which came into effect starting in March 2016.

Explanation: Bihar generally ranks among the states with weaker health outcomes in India, often due to challenges in healthcare infrastructure and resource utilization.

Explanation: The Bihar Startup Policy 2022-2027 is designed to foster entrepreneurship by positioning Bihar as an attractive hub for startups, encouraging innovation and economic growth.

Explanation: The Bihar Startup Policy 2022-2027 aims to foster entrepreneurship by establishing Bihar as a preferred destination for startups, encouraging innovation and economic development.

Explanation: The 'Mukhyamantri Gram Parivahan Yojana' is a government initiative designed to enhance village connectivity in Bihar by offering subsidies for the purchase of passenger vehicles.

Explanation: The 'Pink Bus' service in Bihar is designed to enhance safety and inclusivity for female travelers, featuring security measures and aiming to create a more comfortable commuting experience.

Explanation: The headquarters of the East Central Railway (ECR), a crucial part of Bihar's rail network, is located in Hajipur.

Explanation: Gaya Airport is the sole international airport in Bihar, facilitating international travel, while Patna and Darbhanga airports serve domestic routes.

Explanation: Modernized BSRTC buses introduced since 2020 are equipped with amenities such as Wi-Fi and CCTV, enhancing passenger comfort and safety.

Explanation: National Waterways-1, traversing the Ganges River, is significant for Bihar as a major trade route, with terminals like Gaighat in Patna facilitating cargo movement.

Explanation: According to the 2011 census, Bihar was the third most populous state in India. By 2023 estimates, it is the second most populous state.

Explanation: The 2011 census data indicates that Bihar was the third most populous state in India at that time, with a population exceeding 104 million.

Explanation: Contrary to the statement, approximately 58% of Bihar's population is under the age of 25, reflecting a predominantly young demographic profile.

Explanation: The 'Super 30' initiative in Patna aims to provide high-quality coaching for competitive examinations to underprivileged students, thereby enhancing their educational and career opportunities.