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Bijjala II initially functioned as a vassal ruler under the Kalyani Chalukyas, administering significant territories.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source indicates that Bijjala II commenced his political career as a Mahamandaleshwara, a subordinate governor serving the Kalyani Chalukya empire.
The title 'Mahamandaleshwara,' which Bijjala II held, signified his position as a chief governor within the Kalyani Chalukya administrative structure.
Answer: True
Explanation: The designation 'Mahamandaleshwara' denotes a high-ranking official, typically a governor or chief, responsible for significant territories under a paramount ruler, as Bijjala II was under the Kalyani Chalukyas.
During his tenure as Mahamandaleshwara, Bijjala II administered the provinces of Kalyani and Dharwad.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bijjala II governed the provinces of Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000, not Kalyani and Dharwad, during his period of vassalage.
The provincial designations Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000 referred to Bijjala II's personal estates.
Answer: False
Explanation: Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000 were administrative divisions or provinces within the Western Chalukya kingdom that Bijjala II governed as Mahamandaleshwara.
The title 'Mahamandaleshwara' implied that Bijjala II was merely a subordinate soldier devoid of administrative responsibilities.
Answer: False
Explanation: The title 'Mahamandaleshwara' indicated a position of significant regional authority, involving both administrative and often military duties, under a paramount ruler.
Permadi was the ruler of the Kalyani Chalukyas under whom Bijjala II initially served.
Answer: False
Explanation: Permadi was Bijjala II's predecessor as Mahamandaleshwara. Bijjala II served under the Kalyani Chalukya emperors, such as Vikramaditya VI.
Identify Bijjala II and describe his principal role within the Kalyani Chalukya administration prior to his revolt.
Answer: A Mahamandaleshwara, acting as a chief or governor of significant territories.
Explanation: Bijjala II served as a Mahamandaleshwara, a high-ranking governor responsible for substantial territories, under the Kalyani Chalukyas before initiating his rebellion.
Specify the provinces administered by Bijjala II in his capacity as Mahamandaleshwara under the Kalyani Chalukyas.
Answer: Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000
Explanation: As Mahamandaleshwara, Bijjala II governed the provinces designated as Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000.
Identify Bijjala II's predecessor in the governance of the provinces of Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000.
Answer: Permadi
Explanation: Permadi is identified as the individual who governed the provinces of Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000 prior to Bijjala II assuming control.
Bijjala II formally declared his independence and adopted imperial titles in 1130 CE.
Answer: False
Explanation: Historical records place Bijjala II's declaration of independence and assumption of imperial titles in 1157 CE, not 1130 CE.
The demise of Emperor Vikramaditya VI created a power vacuum, presenting Bijjala II with the opportune moment to initiate his revolt against the Western Chalukyas.
Answer: True
Explanation: The weakening of the Western Chalukya Empire following the death of Vikramaditya VI is identified as the critical factor that enabled Bijjala II to challenge their authority and declare independence.
Bijjala II's assertion of independence occurred concurrently with similar declarations by other feudatories, notably the Kakatiya ruler Prola II.
Answer: True
Explanation: The period of Bijjala II's revolt saw other regional powers, such as Prola II of the Kakatiyas, also asserting their autonomy from the declining Western Chalukya Empire.
By 1162 CE, Bijjala II had successfully captured Kalyani, the Chalukya capital, expelling Emperor Vikramaditya VI.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Bijjala II captured Kalyani by 1162 CE, the Chalukya ruler he expelled was Taila III, not Vikramaditya VI.
Following the establishment of his independent rule, Bijjala II adopted traditional imperial titles such as Sriprithvivallabha and Parameshvara.
Answer: True
Explanation: The adoption of titles like Sriprithvivallabha and Parameshvara by Bijjala II signified his claim to sovereign authority and legitimacy as an emperor.
Bijjala II's revolt against the Western Chalukyas transpired during a period characterized by imperial strength and expansion.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bijjala II's revolt occurred during a period of decline and fragmentation within the Western Chalukya Empire, following the death of Emperor Vikramaditya VI.
By adopting titles such as Sriprithvivallabha, Bijjala II asserted his claim to supreme sovereign authority.
Answer: True
Explanation: The adoption of traditional imperial titles like Sriprithvivallabha was a deliberate act by Bijjala II to signify his transition from vassalage to independent rule and his claim to supreme power.
The decline of the Western Chalukya Empire fostered a political climate conducive to Bijjala II's ascent to power.
Answer: True
Explanation: The fragmentation and weakening of the Western Chalukya Empire provided the opportune conditions for Bijjala II to challenge their authority and establish his own kingdom.
The expulsion of Taila III from Kalyani held significant importance as Kalyani served as the traditional capital of the Western Chalukyas.
Answer: True
Explanation: Capturing Kalyani, the established capital of the Western Chalukyas, was a crucial act that symbolized Bijjala II's successful usurpation of power and the transfer of authority.
The assumption of imperial titles in 1157 CE indicated Bijjala II's intention to continue his status as a vassal ruler.
Answer: False
Explanation: Assuming imperial titles in 1157 CE was a clear declaration of Bijjala II's independence and his ambition to rule as a sovereign emperor, not a vassal.
Identify the pivotal event that created the power vacuum exploited by Bijjala II for his revolt against the Western Chalukya Empire.
Answer: The death of Emperor Vikramaditya VI.
Explanation: The death of Emperor Vikramaditya VI led to a period of instability and weakened central authority within the Western Chalukya Empire, providing Bijjala II the opportunity to revolt.
In which year did Bijjala II formally assume imperial titles, marking his transition to independent rule?
Answer: 1157 CE
Explanation: Bijjala II officially assumed imperial titles in 1157 CE, signifying his definitive break from vassalage and his establishment as an independent sovereign.
Identify the Chalukyan capital city captured by Bijjala II by 1162 CE, leading to the expulsion of the ruling Chalukya monarch.
Answer: Kalyani
Explanation: By 1162 CE, Bijjala II had successfully captured Kalyani, the traditional capital of the Western Chalukyas, and expelled their ruler, Taila III.
Following his assertion of independence, which traditional imperial Chalukyan titles did Bijjala II adopt?
Answer: Sriprithvivallabha and Parameshvara
Explanation: Bijjala II adopted significant Chalukyan imperial titles, including Sriprithvivallabha and Parameshvara, to legitimize his sovereign status.
Describe the evolution of Bijjala II's relationship with the Western Chalukya Empire.
Answer: He initially served as a vassal but later revolted and seized their capital.
Explanation: Bijjala II began as a vassal Mahamandaleshwara under the Western Chalukyas but subsequently revolted, culminating in the capture of their capital, Kalyani.
Bijjala II adopted the title 'Mahabhujabalachakravarti,' which translates to 'the great unopposed ruler with strong arms'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The title 'Mahabhujabalachakravarti' signifies strength and dominance, meaning 'the great unopposed ruler with strong arms,' not weakness.
Bijjala II established his new capital at Mangalavada, which was subsequently renamed Basavakalyan.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bijjala II shifted his capital to Kalyani (later known as Basavakalyan), not established it there initially. Mangalavada was his earlier administrative center.
The title 'Samrat,' as mentioned in the infobox, signifies a regional governor possessing limited authority.
Answer: False
Explanation: 'Samrat' is a Sanskrit term typically denoting an Emperor or a ruler with supreme sovereign power, not a regional governor.
Relocating the capital to Kalyani (Basavakalyan) served to solidify Bijjala II's claim as the new dominant ruler in the region.
Answer: True
Explanation: Establishing the capital at Kalyani, the former seat of the Western Chalukyas, was a symbolic and strategic move that reinforced Bijjala II's assertion of power and legitimacy.
Relocating the capital to Kalyani (Basavakalyan) symbolized Bijjala II's conquest and usurpation of the Western Chalukya throne.
Answer: True
Explanation: Moving the capital to Kalyani, the former seat of the Western Chalukyas, was a powerful symbolic act demonstrating Bijjala II's successful overthrow of their rule and his establishment of a new dynasty.
Interpret the meaning of the Sanskrit title 'Mahabhujabalachakravarti,' attributed to Bijjala II.
Answer: The great unopposed ruler with strong arms.
Explanation: The title 'Mahabhujabalachakravarti' translates to 'the great unopposed ruler with strong arms,' signifying power and dominance.
Within the context of Bijjala II's rule, what does the title 'Samrat' imply?
Answer: A claim to supreme sovereign power (Emperor).
Explanation: The title 'Samrat,' often translated as Emperor, implies a claim to supreme sovereign authority, indicating a ruler's ambition for paramount power.
Elucidate the strategic significance of Bijjala II's decision to shift his capital to Kalyani (Basavakalyan).
Answer: It symbolized his conquest and usurpation of the former Chalukya seat of power.
Explanation: Shifting the capital to Kalyani was a potent symbol of Bijjala II's conquest and his usurpation of the Western Chalukya throne, establishing his new dynasty in their former center of power.
Bijjala II adhered personally to the principles of Jainism.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical accounts confirm that Bijjala II was a follower of Jainism, a faith that held significant influence during his era.
Bijjala II actively suppressed the Virashaiva movement and persecuted its adherents.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to suppression, Bijjala II permitted the propagation of the Virashaiva movement and appointed its leader, Basavanna, as his prime minister.
Basavanna, a prominent leader of the Virashaiva movement, served as Bijjala II's prime minister.
Answer: True
Explanation: Basavanna held the significant administrative position of Mahāmāndraka (prime minister) under Bijjala II, concurrently leading the Virashaiva movement.
The Anubhava Mantapa was an institution established by Bijjala II to foster Jain scholarship.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Anubhava Mantapa was established by Basavanna, with Bijjala II's permission, as a center for the Virashaiva movement, not for Jain scholarship.
Basavanna's role as Mahāmāndraka encompassed promoting the Virashaiva movement and providing counsel to Bijjala II on matters of state.
Answer: True
Explanation: As prime minister (Mahāmāndraka), Basavanna was instrumental in both governance and the propagation of the Virashaiva movement during Bijjala II's reign.
The Anubhava Mantapa was established with the purpose of serving as a military training ground for Bijjala II's army.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Anubhava Mantapa was a socio-religious institution dedicated to discourse and the promotion of Virashaiva philosophy, not military training.
Bijjala II's patronage of Jainism included the provision of land grants for the construction and maintenance of Jain temples.
Answer: True
Explanation: Inscriptions and historical records indicate that Bijjala II, a Jain follower, supported Jain institutions through land grants and other forms of patronage.
Bijjala II, a follower of Jainism, appointed Basavanna, a proponent of the Virashaiva movement, as his prime minister.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Bijjala II was Jain, Basavanna was a leader of the Virashaiva movement, not a Jain scholar. Their differing religious affiliations highlight the complex religious dynamics of the era.
The emergence of the Virashaiva movement precipitated religious conflicts with established orthodox groups during Bijjala II's reign.
Answer: True
Explanation: The reformist nature of the Virashaiva movement created tensions and conflicts with existing religious traditions and orthodox groups during Bijjala II's rule.
Ascertain Bijjala II's personal religious affiliation during his reign.
Answer: Jainism
Explanation: Bijjala II was personally a follower of Jainism, a religious tradition that had a notable presence in the region.
Identify the significant religious movement that gained prominence in the Deccan region during Bijjala II's reign.
Answer: The Virashaiva (Lingayat) movement
Explanation: The Virashaiva movement, also known as the Lingayat movement, experienced substantial growth and influence in the Deccan during Bijjala II's rule.
Identify the individual who served as Bijjala II's Mahāmāndraka (chief minister) and concurrently emerged as a key leader of the Virashaiva movement.
Answer: Basavanna
Explanation: Basavanna held the dual role of Mahāmāndraka (prime minister) in Bijjala II's administration and was a principal figure in the Virashaiva movement.
Name the institution established by Basavanna, with Bijjala II's authorization, which functioned as a center for the Virashaiva movement.
Answer: The Anubhava Mantapa
Explanation: The Anubhava Mantapa was established by Basavanna, with the consent of Bijjala II, serving as a crucial hub for the Virashaiva movement's philosophical and social discourse.
Which of the following best characterizes Basavanna's role as Mahāmāndraka under Bijjala II?
Answer: Prime minister responsible for governance and promoting the Virashaiva movement.
Explanation: As Mahāmāndraka, Basavanna was responsible for state governance and actively promoted the Virashaiva movement, demonstrating a dual role in administration and religious leadership.
Bijjala II's reign was characterized by religious harmony and the absence of conflicts between disparate religious factions.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bijjala II's reign was marked by significant religious and social turbulence, including conflicts between orthodox groups and the emerging Virashaiva movement.
Bijjala II was assassinated in 1167 CE, reportedly stemming from conflicts involving religious groups.
Answer: True
Explanation: The assassination of Bijjala II in 1167 CE is historically linked to the social and religious tensions prevalent during his rule.
Historian Dr. P.B. Desai posits that Basavanna was directly responsible for orchestrating Bijjala II's assassination.
Answer: False
Explanation: Dr. P.B. Desai's analysis explicitly states that Basavanna was not directly responsible for Bijjala II's assassination, although Bijjala II had become unpopular with Basavanna's followers.
The assassination of Bijjala II resulted in increased political stability within the Southern Kalachuri kingdom.
Answer: False
Explanation: The assassination of Bijjala II precipitated significant political instability in the capital and weakened the authority of the Southern Kalachuri dynasty.
Bijjala II's reign is generally characterized as peaceful and stable, marked by minimal internal conflict.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Bijjala II's rule was characterized by turbulence and social upheavals, rather than peace and stability.
The 'Radical Sharanas Groups' were identified as the alleged perpetrators of Bijjala II's assassination.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical accounts attribute the assassination of Bijjala II to groups identified as 'Radical Sharanas Groups,' associated with the Virashaiva movement.
Dr. P.B. Desai's analysis suggests that Bijjala II's assassination was a direct consequence of Basavanna's personal vendetta.
Answer: False
Explanation: Dr. P.B. Desai's research explicitly refutes Basavanna's direct involvement in the assassination, indicating it was carried out by other factions.
Bijjala II's assassination was linked to social and religious turbulence, reportedly perpetrated by Radical Sharanas Groups.
Answer: True
Explanation: The assassination of Bijjala II in 1167 CE is associated with the prevailing social and religious unrest, with reports implicating Radical Sharanas Groups.
In what year was Bijjala II assassinated?
Answer: 1167 CE
Explanation: Bijjala II met his end through assassination in the year 1167 CE.
According to the provided historical accounts, identify the groups reportedly responsible for Bijjala II's assassination.
Answer: Radical Sharanas Groups associated with the Virashaiva movement.
Explanation: Historical narratives suggest that 'Radical Sharanas Groups,' affiliated with the Virashaiva movement, were responsible for the assassination of Bijjala II.
Describe the immediate political effect of Bijjala II's assassination on the kingdom.
Answer: It caused significant political instability in the capital city.
Explanation: Bijjala II's assassination precipitated a period of considerable political instability, particularly within the capital city of Kalyani.
How is Bijjala II's rule generally characterized based on the provided source material?
Answer: As marked by turbulence and social upheavals.
Explanation: The source material characterizes Bijjala II's reign as one marked by significant turbulence, encompassing political challenges and social upheavals.
What does the source material suggest regarding the nature of conflicts during Bijjala II's reign?
Answer: Internal conflicts related to religious groups and social upheavals.
Explanation: The source indicates that conflicts during Bijjala II's reign were primarily internal, stemming from religious tensions and social upheavals.
According to historian Dr. P.B. Desai, what was Basavanna's precise relationship to Bijjala II's assassination?
Answer: Basavanna was unpopular with his followers, but not directly involved in the assassination.
Explanation: Dr. P.B. Desai's research clarifies that while Bijjala II became unpopular with Basavanna's followers, Basavanna himself was not directly implicated in the assassination.
Permadi was the successor of Bijjala II on the throne of the Southern Kalachuris.
Answer: False
Explanation: Permadi was Bijjala II's predecessor as Mahamandaleshwara. Bijjala II's successor was his son, Sovideva.
Bijjala II played a pivotal role in establishing the Southern Kalachuri dynasty, subsequently referred to as the Kalachuris of Kalyani.
Answer: True
Explanation: Bijjala II is recognized as the founder and most prominent ruler of the Southern Kalachuri dynasty, which became known as the Kalachuris of Kalyani after he established his capital there.
Bijjala II and his successors governed the Deccan Plateau for a duration exceeding one century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The rule of Bijjala II and his immediate successors lasted for approximately a quarter of a century, not over a century.
The Deccan Plateau is a mountainous region situated in northern India where Bijjala II established his kingdom.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Deccan Plateau is a large elevated region in southern India, not a mountainous region in northern India. Bijjala II's kingdom was centered in this southern region.
The designation 'Kalachuris of Kalyani' refers to the dynasty established by Bijjala II subsequent to his seizure of the Chalukya capital.
Answer: True
Explanation: Bijjala II founded the Southern Kalachuri dynasty, which became known as the Kalachuris of Kalyani after he established his capital in the conquered Chalukya city.
Bijjala II is recognized as the most prominent ruler of which dynasty?
Answer: The Southern Kalachuris (Kalachuris of Kalyani)
Explanation: Bijjala II is widely regarded as the most famous and significant ruler of the Southern Kalachuri dynasty, also known as the Kalachuris of Kalyani.
The presence of a 'citation needed' tag within the source material suggests that the information it annotates is universally accepted and requires no further substantiation.
Answer: False
Explanation: A 'citation needed' tag indicates that the information requires verification from reliable external sources, highlighting areas where evidence is lacking or disputed.
What does the presence of a 'citation needed' tag signify regarding the information it annotates?
Answer: The information requires verification from reliable sources.
Explanation: A 'citation needed' tag signifies that the associated claim or statement requires substantiation from credible sources to ensure its factual accuracy and reliability.