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Bride burning is a specific form of dowry death where the victim is typically set on fire.
Answer: True
Explanation: Bride burning is indeed a specific method employed in dowry deaths, characterized by the victim being doused in flammable liquid and set alight, often as a result of dowry-related disputes or dissatisfaction.
Kerosene is often used in bride burning incidents because it is difficult to obtain.
Answer: False
Explanation: Kerosene is often used because it is a common cooking fuel and readily available, allowing perpetrators to claim the incident was an accident rather than a deliberate act.
Acid throwing and poisoning are forms of violence sometimes associated with dowry deaths.
Answer: True
Explanation: Beyond burning, other forms of fatal violence associated with dowry deaths include acid throwing and poisoning, indicating a range of brutal methods used in these crimes.
What is the primary method described in bride burning incidents?
Answer: Dousing the victim with a flammable liquid and setting her on fire.
Explanation: The primary method described in bride burning incidents involves dousing the victim with a flammable liquid, such as kerosene or gasoline, and then setting her on fire.
Why is kerosene commonly used in bride burning?
Answer: It is readily available and can be used to disguise the act as a cooking accident.
Explanation: Kerosene is often used because it is a common cooking fuel and readily available, allowing perpetrators to claim the incident was an accident rather than a deliberate act.
What is the relationship between bride burning and dowry deaths?
Answer: Bride burning is a specific method used in dowry deaths.
Explanation: Bride burning is a specific method used in dowry deaths, where a woman is murdered by her husband or his family due to dowry dissatisfaction or demands.
What is the primary characteristic of bride burning as described in the source?
Answer: A murder of a woman by her husband or his family, typically by burning.
Explanation: The primary characteristic of bride burning is the murder of a woman by her husband or his family, typically involving setting her on fire after dousing her with flammable liquid, often due to dowry disputes.
Bride burning is exclusively a practice found in India.
Answer: False
Explanation: While predominantly associated with the Indian subcontinent, bride burning incidents have also been reported among resettled communities outside this region, indicating a broader, albeit less concentrated, presence.
Bride burning was officially recognized as a major problem in India in 2004.
Answer: True
Explanation: Bride burning was officially recognized as an important problem in India in 2004, highlighting the ongoing societal concern.
Dowry deaths in India decreased significantly from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to a decrease, reports indicate that dowry deaths in India rose significantly from approximately 400 per year in the early 1980s to around 5,800 per year by the mid-1990s.
An estimate from 2011 placed the annual death toll from bride burning in South Asia between 4,000 and 25,000.
Answer: True
Explanation: A 2011 estimate indicated a substantial annual death toll from bride burning across South Asia, ranging between 4,000 and 25,000 fatalities.
In 1997, reports indicated that fewer than 1,000 women died annually due to dowry deaths in India.
Answer: False
Explanation: Reports from 1997 indicated that at least 5,000 women died annually due to dowry deaths in India, with at least a dozen deaths occurring daily, often disguised as 'kitchen fires'.
In Pakistan, approximately 300 women are burned to death annually by their husband's families.
Answer: True
Explanation: Reports from Pakistan indicate that approximately 300 women are burned to death annually by their husband's families, with incidents often disguised as accidents.
Estimates show a decrease in bride burnings in Pakistan from 1988 to 1990.
Answer: False
Explanation: Estimates for Pakistan showed a sharp increase in bride burnings from 1988 to 1990, with figures rising from 800 in 1988 to 1,800 in 1990.
The average age of bride burning victims in Islamabad's surroundings was reported to be between 18 and 35.
Answer: True
Explanation: Reports concerning bride burning incidents in the surroundings of Islamabad indicated that the average age of victims was between 18 and 35 years old.
Which region is identified as the primary location for bride burning?
Answer: The Indian subcontinent
Explanation: Bride burning is identified as a practice predominantly found in and around the Indian subcontinent.
According to a 1995 report, what was the approximate annual number of dowry deaths in India?
Answer: Approximately 5,800
Explanation: A 1995 report indicated that dowry deaths in India had risen to approximately 5,800 per year.
What is the estimated annual range for bride burning deaths across India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, according to a 2011 estimate?
Answer: 4,000 to 25,000
Explanation: A 2011 estimate placed the annual death toll from bride burning across India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh within the range of 4,000 to 25,000.
What trend in bride burnings in Pakistan was observed between 1988 and 1990?
Answer: A sharp increase.
Explanation: Estimates for Pakistan showed a sharp increase in bride burnings from 1988 to 1990, with figures rising from 800 in 1988 to 1,800 in 1990.
One perspective suggests that the dowry system originated as a way to distinguish between Hindu and Muslim cultures.
Answer: True
Explanation: One theory regarding the origins of the dowry system posits that it served as a means to distinguish between Hindu and Muslim cultures, with larger dowries potentially signifying higher social status.
Societal patriarchy contributes to bride burning by viewing women as primarily economic assets.
Answer: False
Explanation: Societal patriarchy contributes to bride burning by viewing women as primarily economic liabilities or burdens, leading to their subservient treatment and creating an environment where violence can occur.
Consumerism is linked to bride burning because it reduces the demand for dowries.
Answer: False
Explanation: Consumerism is linked to bride burning as it fuels greed and increases the demand for dowries for status, rather than reducing demand.
British colonial influence is theorized to have reinforced dowry practices, particularly among upper castes.
Answer: False
Explanation: Some scholars theorize that British colonial influence reinforced dowry practices, particularly among lower castes, as a means to eradicate more ritualized marriages.
Which factor is NOT listed as a perspective on the origins or prevalence of bride burning?
Answer: Government policies promoting dowry exchange.
Explanation: The factors listed as perspectives on the origins or prevalence of bride burning include societal patriarchy, consumerism fueling greed, and the dowry system's use for cultural distinction. Government policies are not listed as an origin perspective in this context.
How does a patriarchal societal structure contribute to bride burning?
Answer: By viewing women as economic liabilities, leading to subservient treatment.
Explanation: In patriarchal societies, women are often viewed as economic liabilities or burdens, leading to their subservient treatment and creating an environment where violence like bride burning can occur.
India's Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 made all forms of dowry illegal, including gifts given willingly.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 made dowry demands illegal, but its initial scope and subsequent amendments have faced challenges in completely eradicating the practice, especially regarding gifts given under pressure.
The Dowry Prohibition Act was amended to criminalize deaths occurring within ten years of marriage due to dowry-related cruelty.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Dowry Prohibition Act was amended to criminalize deaths occurring within seven years of marriage due to dowry-related cruelty or harassment.
Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code specifically addresses dowry deaths.
Answer: True
Explanation: Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code was specifically introduced to address and criminalize dowry deaths.
Conviction for dowry deaths under Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code can result in a maximum sentence of 10 years imprisonment.
Answer: False
Explanation: Conviction for dowry deaths under Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code can result in imprisonment for a period ranging from a minimum of seven years to a maximum of life imprisonment.
The 'Anti-Cruelty Statute' in India, enacted in 1983, effectively solved the problem of dowry-related harassment.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Anti-Cruelty Statute' enacted in 1983 did not effectively solve the problem of dowry-related harassment due to its ambiguity and inadequate enforcement.
What is the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 in India?
Answer: An act that made dowry demands illegal.
Explanation: The Dowry Prohibition Act, enacted in 1961, made the practice of demanding or giving dowry in wedding arrangements illegal.
What was the key amendment made to the Dowry Prohibition Act regarding deaths?
Answer: It criminalized deaths occurring within 7 years of marriage due to dowry-related cruelty or harassment.
Explanation: The Dowry Prohibition Act was amended to criminalize deaths occurring within seven years of marriage due to dowry-related cruelty or harassment.
What is Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code concerned with?
Answer: Specific provisions for dowry deaths.
Explanation: Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code is specifically concerned with the legal provisions and definition related to dowry deaths.
What is the maximum penalty for dowry deaths under Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code?
Answer: Life imprisonment
Explanation: Under Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code, individuals convicted of dowry deaths face imprisonment ranging from a minimum of seven years to a maximum of life imprisonment.
What limitation of India's Dowry Prohibition Act is mentioned?
Answer: It does not define dowry comprehensively.
Explanation: A limitation of India's Dowry Prohibition Act is that it does not provide a comprehensive definition of dowry, which can allow for flexibility in its interpretation and application.
What is the definition of a dowry death according to Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code?
Answer: The death of a woman caused by burns or bodily injury within 7 years of marriage, linked to dowry harassment.
Explanation: According to Section 304-B of the Indian Penal Code, a dowry death is defined as the death of a woman caused by burns or bodily injury or occurring otherwise than under normal circumstances, within seven years of her marriage, if it is shown that soon before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband or in connection with any dowry demand.
In 2008, Indian crime records showed a conviction rate of over 60% for dowry death cases that went to court.
Answer: False
Explanation: Indian crime records from 2008 indicated a conviction rate of approximately 33% for dowry death cases that proceeded to court, suggesting significant challenges in securing convictions.
Approximately 30 percent of reported dowry deaths in India lead to convictions.
Answer: True
Explanation: Approximately 30 percent of reported dowry deaths in India result in convictions in courts, indicating a low success rate in prosecuting these cases.
In 1999, Amnesty International reported a high conviction rate for bride burning incidents in Pakistan.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 1999, Amnesty International reported that only a small fraction of reported bride burning incidents in Pakistan were prosecuted, and an even smaller fraction resulted in convictions, indicating a low conviction rate.
What does Indian crime data from 2008 suggest about the conviction rate for dowry death cases?
Answer: The conviction rate was approximately 33%.
Explanation: Indian crime data from 2008 suggests that the conviction rate for dowry death cases that went to court was approximately 33%.
What did Amnesty International report regarding prosecutions for bride burning in Pakistan in 1999?
Answer: Only a small fraction of reported incidents were prosecuted.
Explanation: In 1999, Amnesty International reported that only a small fraction of reported bride burning incidents in Pakistan were prosecuted, and an even smaller fraction resulted in convictions, indicating a low conviction rate.
Shahnaz Bukhari advocated for the establishment of women's shelters in Pakistan.
Answer: True
Explanation: Activists like Shahnaz Bukhari have actively campaigned for protective legislation and the establishment of women's shelters in Pakistan to combat bride burning.
Shahnaz Bukhari suggested that 'possessed stoves' were a likely cause for the selective burning of young housewives in Pakistan.
Answer: False
Explanation: Shahnaz Bukhari questioned the notion of 'possessed stoves' as a cause for the selective burning of young housewives in Pakistan, suggesting instead a pattern of deliberate murder.
Bride burning incidents have not been reported among resettled communities outside the Indian subcontinent.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bride burning incidents have been reported among resettled Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi communities in other countries, including the United States, indicating the transnational nature of the issue.
Aleyamma Mathew's death in Texas in 1992 was attributed to a kitchen accident.
Answer: False
Explanation: Aleyamma Mathew's death in Texas in 1992 was not attributed to a kitchen accident; she was doused in gasoline and set alight by her husband following marital problems.
The European Parliament proposed reforming international refugee laws to protect women from gender persecution in 1984.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1984, the European Parliament proposed reforming international refugee laws to protect women from gender persecution, though this proposal was ultimately rejected.
Increasing women's property rights could potentially reduce dowry demands by decreasing economic dependence on marriage.
Answer: True
Explanation: Enhancing women's property rights could help combat bride burning by reducing their economic dependence on marriage, thereby diminishing the leverage of dowry demands.
Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights prohibits torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment.
Answer: True
Explanation: Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights explicitly prohibits torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, which is directly relevant to the violent nature of bride burning.
Government-funded family counseling centers in India have consistently reinforced positive gender equality.
Answer: False
Explanation: Government-funded family counseling centers in India have sometimes reinforced stereotypes about women's behavior and men's use of force, rather than consistently promoting gender equality.
The term 'watta satta' is unrelated to marriage practices in South Asia.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'watta satta' is related to marriage practices in South Asia, often involving reciprocal marriage arrangements.
The International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women is observed on November 25th.
Answer: True
Explanation: November 25th is observed as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, a significant date in the global effort to combat gender-based violence.
What did Shahnaz Bukhari suggest about the nature of bride burning attacks in Pakistan?
Answer: They suggested a pattern of deliberate murder.
Explanation: Shahnaz Bukhari questioned the notion of 'possessed stoves' as a cause for the selective burning of young housewives in Pakistan, suggesting instead a pattern of deliberate murder.
How might increasing women's property rights help combat bride burning?
Answer: By making them less economically dependent on marriage.
Explanation: Enhancing women's property rights could help combat bride burning by reducing their economic dependence on marriage, thereby diminishing the leverage of dowry demands.
Which international legal principle is relevant to bride burning, according to Article 5 of the UDHR?
Answer: Prohibition of torture and cruel treatment.
Explanation: Article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights prohibits torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, which is directly relevant to the violent nature of bride burning.
What potential negative impact did government-funded family counseling centers in India have?
Answer: They reinforced stereotypes about women and men's use of force.
Explanation: Government-funded family counseling centers in India have sometimes reinforced stereotypes about women's behavior and men's use of force, rather than consistently promoting gender equality.
What is the significance of November 25th in the context of violence against women?
Answer: It marks the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women.
Explanation: November 25th is observed as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, a significant date in the global effort to combat gender-based violence.
Which of the following is mentioned as a related topic to bride burning under 'See also'?
Answer: Watta satta
Explanation: 'Watta satta' is listed under 'See also' as a related topic to bride burning, indicating a practice that might involve reciprocal marriage arrangements or exchanges.
What was the outcome of the European Parliament's 1984 proposal regarding gender persecution and refugee law?
Answer: It was rejected.
Explanation: In 1984, the European Parliament proposed reforming international refugee laws to protect women from gender persecution, but this proposal was ultimately rejected.