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As of January 1, 2020, was Bukhara the fifth-largest city in Uzbekistan?
Answer: False
Explanation: According to the source, Bukhara was the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan as of January 1, 2020.
Bukhara experiences a tropical climate with high humidity and consistent rainfall throughout the year.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bukhara experiences a cool arid climate (Köppen BWk) with low annual precipitation, not a tropical climate with high humidity and consistent rainfall.
Ancient Central Asian cities like Bukhara primarily relied on underground wells for their water supply, avoiding surface reservoirs due to disease.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ancient Central Asian cities like Bukhara managed water through irrigation farming, water channels, uncovered reservoirs (*hauzes*), and covered reservoirs (*sardobas*), not primarily underground wells while avoiding surface reservoirs.
Bukhara International Airport offers flights exclusively to cities within Uzbekistan.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bukhara International Airport offers flights to cities in Uzbekistan, Russia, and Turkey, not exclusively within Uzbekistan.
In 2019, Bukhara's population was recorded at 279,200, and it is a significant center for Uzbekistan's Tajik minority.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Bukhara's population in 2019 was 279,200 and that it is one of the two main centers for Uzbekistan's Tajik minority.
Official statistics for Bukhara's population indicate that Tajiks form the largest ethnic group.
Answer: False
Explanation: According to official statistics, Uzbeks constitute 82% of Bukhara's population, making them the largest ethnic group, though unofficial observations suggest a Tajik-speaking majority.
The largest religious community in Bukhara consists of followers of Christianity.
Answer: False
Explanation: The largest religious community in Bukhara consists of followers of Islam, with Christian and Jewish minorities also present.
Santa Fe, USA, became a sister city of Bukhara in 1999.
Answer: False
Explanation: Santa Fe, USA, became a sister city of Bukhara in 1988, while Bonn (Germany) and Rueil-Malmaison (France) became sister cities in 1999.
As of January 1, 2020, what was the population of Bukhara?
Answer: 280,187
Explanation: As of January 1, 2020, Bukhara's population was 280,187 residents.
What is the Köppen climate classification for Bukhara?
Answer: BWk (Cool arid)
Explanation: Bukhara experiences a cool arid climate, classified as Köppen BWk.
What were the special covered water reservoirs built along caravan routes in ancient Central Asian cities like Bukhara called?
Answer: Sardobas
Explanation: Special covered water reservoirs built along caravan routes in ancient Central Asian cities like Bukhara were called *sardobas*.
Which highway connects Bukhara to Mazar-i-Sharif in Afghanistan?
Answer: M39
Explanation: The M39 highway connects Bukhara to Mazar-i-Sharif in Afghanistan.
What was Bukhara's population recorded as in 2019?
Answer: 279,200
Explanation: In 2019, Bukhara's population was recorded at 279,200.
According to official statistics, what percentage of Bukhara's population is Uzbek?
Answer: 82%
Explanation: Official statistics indicate that 82% of Bukhara's population is Uzbek.
Which religious community constitutes the largest population in Bukhara?
Answer: Islam
Explanation: The largest religious community in Bukhara consists of followers of Islam.
Which of the following cities is NOT listed as a sister city of Bukhara?
Answer: Istanbul
Explanation: The listed sister cities of Bukhara include Lahore, Khujand, and Santa Fe, but Istanbul is not mentioned.
Is the name 'Bukhara' exclusively believed to originate from the Sanskrit word 'vihāra,' meaning 'city of merchants'?
Answer: False
Explanation: The name 'Bukhara' is believed to derive from 'vihāra' meaning 'Buddhist monastery,' or from the Sogdian 'βuxārak' meaning 'Place of Good Fortune,' not 'city of merchants.' Furthermore, other origins are also proposed.
During the Tang dynasty, was Bukhara initially known as 'Bùhālā' before being replaced by 'Bǔhē'?
Answer: False
Explanation: The source states that during the Tang dynasty, Bukhara was known as 'Bǔhē,' which was later replaced by the modern phonetic spelling 'Bùhālā.'
Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda interpreted the name 'Bukhara' as meaning 'city of merchants'.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda defined the name 'Bukhara' as meaning 'full of knowledge,' not 'city of merchants.'
According to *Encyclopædia Iranica*, the name 'Bukhara' might derive from the Sogdian word 'βuxārak,' meaning what?
Answer: Place of Good Fortune
Explanation: *Encyclopædia Iranica* suggests the name 'Bukhara' might come from the Sogdian word 'βuxārak,' meaning 'Place of Good Fortune.'
How was Bukhara known in English publications during the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly those related to 'the Great Game'?
Answer: Bokhara
Explanation: Between the 19th and 20th centuries, English publications, especially those related to 'the Great Game,' referred to the city as 'Bokhara.'
In his *History of Bukhara*, Muhammad ibn Jafar Narshakhi mentioned 'Madinat al Sufriya' as an Arabic name for the city. What does it mean?
Answer: The copper city
Explanation: Muhammad ibn Jafar Narshakhi's *History of Bukhara* states that 'Madinat al Sufriya' means 'the copper city' in Arabic.
According to Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda, what does the name 'Bukhara' mean?
Answer: Full of knowledge
Explanation: Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda defines the name 'Bukhara' as meaning 'full of knowledge.'
Bukhara's historical significance along the Silk Road was primarily as a military outpost.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Bukhara served as a crucial center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion along the Silk Road, not primarily as a military outpost.
Bukhara was a central hub of Persian culture in medieval Asia until the fall of the Samanid dynasty.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bukhara remained a central hub of Persian culture in medieval Asia until the fall of the Timurid dynasty, not the Samanid dynasty.
The Samanids, Karakhanids, Khwarazmids, and Timurids all considered Bukhara a vital city.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Bukhara continuously served as a vital city for these successive Persian and Persianate empires.
During the Samanid Golden Age, Bukhara was primarily known for its military academies.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the Samanid Golden Age, Bukhara was particularly renowned as a major intellectual center for its numerous libraries, not primarily for military academies.
Genghis Khan's invasion of Bukhara in 1220 resulted in the complete destruction of the Ismail Samani mausoleum.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Ismail Samani mausoleum was notably spared from destruction during Genghis Khan's invasion in 1220 because it was buried in mud from flooding.
Indian merchants in medieval Bukhara were prohibited from owning land within the city.
Answer: False
Explanation: Indian merchants from Multan were notable for owning land within medieval Bukhara, indicating their significant economic presence.
Bukhara and Khiva were historically known as major centers of the slave trade, earning them the title 'slave capitals of the world'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Bukhara and Khiva were infamous as major centers of the slave trade for several centuries, earning them the title 'slave capitals of the world'.
Which of the following was NOT a primary historical role of Bukhara along the Silk Road?
Answer: Major military stronghold
Explanation: Bukhara served as a crucial center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion along the Silk Road, but was not primarily a major military stronghold.
Which dynasty's fall marked the end of Bukhara's role as a central hub of Persian culture in medieval Asia, alongside Samarkand?
Answer: Timurid dynasty
Explanation: Bukhara's role as a central hub of Persian culture in medieval Asia ended with the fall of the Timurid dynasty.
Which of the following empires did NOT consider Bukhara a continuously vital city?
Answer: Ottomans
Explanation: Bukhara continuously served as a vital city for the Samanids, Karakhanids, Khwarazmids, and Timurids. The Ottomans are not mentioned in this context.
During the golden age of the Samanid Empire, for what was Bukhara particularly renowned as a major intellectual center?
Answer: Its numerous libraries
Explanation: During the golden age of the Samanid Empire, Bukhara was particularly renowned as a major intellectual center for its numerous libraries.
What protected the Ismail Samani mausoleum from destruction during Genghis Khan's invasion of Bukhara in 1220?
Answer: It was buried in mud from flooding
Explanation: The Ismail Samani mausoleum was spared from Mongol destruction during Genghis Khan's invasion because it was already buried in mud from flooding.
What was a notable economic activity of Indian merchants from Multan in medieval Bukhara?
Answer: They owned land within the city.
Explanation: Indian merchants from Multan in medieval Bukhara were notable for owning land within the city.
Bukhara's influence in the wider Islamic world began to decline with the arrival of the Turkic Uzbek dynasty in the 16th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source indicates that Bukhara's influence in the wider Islamic world indeed began to decline following the arrival of the Turkic Uzbek dynasty in the 16th century.
The Red Army's capture of Bukhara in 1920 was led by Emir Alim Khan.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Red Army troops during the Bukhara operation of 1920 were led by Bolshevik general Mikhail Frunze, while Emir Alim Khan fled the city.
The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic existed from 1920 until 1924, when it was integrated into the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic existed from 1920 until its integration into the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924.
Fitzroy Maclean visited Bukhara in 1938 as an official diplomat, openly documenting his trip.
Answer: False
Explanation: Fitzroy Maclean made a clandestine visit to Bukhara in 1938 as a young diplomat, documenting his impressions in his memoir *Eastern Approaches*.
Regional conflicts in the late 20th century led to a movement advocating for Bukhara's annexation into Tajikistan, despite lacking a common border.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that an influx of refugees due to regional conflicts led to a movement advocating for Bukhara's annexation into Tajikistan, despite the absence of a common border.
What event in the 16th century led to the decline of Bukhara's influence in the wider Islamic world?
Answer: The arrival of the Turkic Uzbek dynasty
Explanation: Bukhara's influence in the wider Islamic world began to decline with the arrival of the Turkic Uzbek dynasty in the 16th century.
Who was the Bolshevik general that led the Red Army troops during the Bukhara operation of 1920?
Answer: Mikhail Frunze
Explanation: Bolshevik general Mikhail Frunze led the Red Army troops during the Bukhara operation of 1920.
When was the city of Bukhara integrated into the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, marking the end of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic?
Answer: 1924
Explanation: The city of Bukhara was integrated into the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924, concluding the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.
In his memoir *Eastern Approaches*, Fitzroy Maclean described Bukhara as an 'enchanted city' during his clandestine visit in what year?
Answer: 1938
Explanation: Fitzroy Maclean described Bukhara as an 'enchanted city' during his clandestine visit in 1938, as recounted in his memoir *Eastern Approaches*.
What political aspiration emerged in Bukhara and Samarkand in the late 20th century due to an influx of Dari- and Tajik-speaking refugees?
Answer: Annexation into Tajikistan
Explanation: Due to an influx of Dari- and Tajik-speaking refugees, a movement advocating for the annexation of Bukhara and Samarkand into Tajikistan emerged in the late 20th century.
Muhammad ibn Jafar Narshakhi's *History of Bukhara* was completed in the 11th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: Muhammad ibn Jafar Narshakhi's *History of Bukhara* was completed in AD 943–44, which falls within the 10th century, not the 11th.
Sheikh Naqshbandi was a military leader who defended Bukhara from invaders.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sheikh Naqshbandi was a central figure in the development of the Naqshbandi Sufi order, a mystical branch of Islam, not a military leader.
Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani is associated with the founding of the Naqshbandi Sufi order in Bukhara.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sheikh Naqshbandi was the central figure in the development of the Naqshbandi Sufi order. Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani is associated with a mosque in Bukhara and is revered as the patron saint of Kashmiri Muslims.
Imam Bukhari, born in Bukhara, is renowned for compiling hadiths, the sayings and actions attributed to Prophet Muhammad.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Imam Bukhari, born in Bukhara, is renowned for compiling hadiths, which are sayings and actions attributed to Prophet Muhammad.
Avicenna, a prominent Persian physician and philosopher, was born in Samarkand.
Answer: False
Explanation: Avicenna, a highly influential Persian physician and philosopher, was born in Bukhara, not Samarkand.
Abubakr Narshakhi, a 10th-century historian from Bukhara, wrote the *History of Bukhara*.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Abubakr Narshakhi, a 10th-century historian from Bukhara, authored the *History of Bukhara*.
Sheikh Naqshbandi, an old resident of Bukhara, was a central figure in the development of which Sufi order?
Answer: Naqshbandi
Explanation: Sheikh Naqshbandi was a central figure in the development of the Naqshbandi Sufi order.
Which significant Islamic figure, revered as the patron saint of Kashmiri Muslims, is associated with a mosque in Bukhara?
Answer: Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
Explanation: Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, revered as the patron saint of Kashmiri Muslims, is traditionally associated with a mosque in Bukhara.
For what is Imam Bukhari, born in Bukhara, primarily renowned?
Answer: Compiling hadiths
Explanation: Imam Bukhari, born in Bukhara, is primarily renowned for compiling hadiths.
Avicenna, a highly influential Persian physician and philosopher, was born in which city?
Answer: Bukhara
Explanation: Avicenna, a highly influential Persian physician and philosopher, was born in Bukhara.
Which 10th-century historian from Bukhara wrote the *History of Bukhara*?
Answer: Abubakr Narshakhi
Explanation: Abubakr Narshakhi, a 10th-century historian from Bukhara, wrote the *History of Bukhara*.
The designation 'Noble Bukhara' (Bukhārā-ye sharīf) is attributed to the city's historical importance as a center of learning and culture.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source explicitly states that Bukhara earned the title 'Noble Bukhara' due to its historical significance as a center of learning and culture.
The Karakhanids commissioned the construction of the Ismail Samani mausoleum in the early 11th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Ismail Samani Mausoleum was constructed by the Samanid dynasty between the 9th and 10th centuries. The Karakhanids commissioned other buildings, such as the Kalyan minaret, in the early 11th century.
The name 'Po-i Kalan' for the Po-i-Kalyan Complex is Arabic for 'Great Tower'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The name 'Po-i Kalan' is Persian for 'Grand Foundation,' not Arabic for 'Great Tower.'
The Kalyan Minaret is also known as the 'Tower of Death' and stands 45.6 meters high.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that the Kalyan Minaret is known as the 'Tower of Death' and has a height of 45.6 meters.
The Kalan Mosque, completed in 1514, is smaller than the Bibi-Khanym Mosque in Samarkand and can accommodate only a few hundred people.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Kalan Mosque, completed in 1514, is comparable in size to the Bibi-Khanym Mosque in Samarkand and can accommodate twelve thousand people.
The Lab-i Hauz pond survived Soviet-era filling of *hauzes* because it was deemed too small to pose a health risk.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Lab-i Hauz pond survived Soviet-era filling of *hauzes* because it formed the centerpiece of a significant 16th and 17th-century architectural ensemble.
The Bahoutdin Architectural Complex is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Bahoutdin Architectural Complex is currently listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site tentative list, not as a fully designated site.
The Bukhara Fortress, also known as the Ark, was destroyed by Genghis Khan in 1220.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Bukhara Fortress, or the Ark, was destroyed by the Red Army in 1920, not by Genghis Khan in 1220.
The Boboyi Poradoz Mausoleum is an 11th-century architectural monument.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Boboyi Poradoz Mausoleum is a 19th-century architectural monument, not an 11th-century one.
The Chashma-Ayub Mausoleum is unique in the Bukhara region for its Khwarazm-style conical dome.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source highlights the Chashma-Ayub Mausoleum's unique Khwarazm-style conical dome as a rare architectural feature in the Bukhara region.
The Ismail Samani Mausoleum was constructed in the 12th century and features a purely Islamic architectural style.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Ismail Samani Mausoleum was constructed between the 9th and 10th centuries and features a unique architectural style that blends Zoroastrian and Islamic motifs.
The Mazar-e-Quaid in Karachi, Pakistan, was modeled after the Kalyan Minaret in Bukhara.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Mazar-e-Quaid in Karachi, Pakistan, was modeled after the architectural design of the Ismail Samani Mausoleum in Bukhara, not the Kalyan Minaret.
The Bolo Haouz Mosque was built in 1712 and served as a Friday mosque during Bolshevik Russian rule.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that the Bolo Haouz Mosque was constructed in 1712 and served as a Friday mosque during Bolshevik Russian rule in the 1920s.
Char Minar was built in the 17th century by a Samanid ruler.
Answer: False
Explanation: Char Minar was built in the 19th century by Khalif Niyaz-kul under the Janid dynasty, not in the 17th century by a Samanid ruler.
In 1995, one of Char Minar's towers collapsed due to an earthquake, and its repair was widely publicized.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 1995, one of Char Minar's towers collapsed due to an underground brook, and its hurried reconstruction was reportedly kept to a minimum awareness by authorities.
The Magok-i-Attari Mosque was originally built in the 9th century and now functions as a carpet museum.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that the Magok-i-Attari Mosque was built in the 9th century and currently houses a carpet museum.
The Shirbudun Palace began construction around 1870 during the reign of Muzaffar bin Nasrullah.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that the Shirbudun Palace began construction around 1870 during the reign of Muzaffar bin Nasrullah.
Bukhara Prison was built in the 19th century during the Shaibanid dynasty.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bukhara Prison was built in the second half of the 18th century during the Mangit dynasty, not the 19th century during the Shaibanid dynasty.
The Khanqah of Nodir Devonbegi was established by Imamquli Khan in the 19th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Khanqah of Nodir Devonbegi was established by Nodir Devonbegi, vizier and brother of Imamquli Khan, around 1620–1621, not by Imamquli Khan in the 19th century.
What is the status of Bukhara's historic center regarding architectural heritage?
Answer: It is designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Explanation: Bukhara's historic center, rich with mosques and madrasas, has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Which architectural structure was commissioned by the Karakhanid rulers at the beginning of the 11th century?
Answer: Kalyan minaret
Explanation: At the beginning of the 11th century, Karakhanid rulers commissioned the construction of the Kalyan minaret, among other buildings.
What does the Persian name 'Po-i Kalan' signify for the Po-i-Kalyan Complex?
Answer: Grand Foundation
Explanation: The Persian name 'Po-i Kalan' for the Po-i-Kalyan Complex signifies 'Grand Foundation.'
What is the approximate height of the Kalyan Minaret?
Answer: 45.6 meters
Explanation: The Kalyan Minaret stands 45.6 meters (150 feet) high.
What unique architectural detail allows one to observe the foundation of the Kalyan Minaret from within the Kalan Mosque?
Answer: A hole in one of the domes
Explanation: A unique architectural detail, a hole in one of the domes of the Kalan Mosque, allows one to see the foundation of the Kalyan Minaret.
How did Ubaidullah Khan reportedly fund the construction of the Mir-i Arab Madrassah?
Answer: By ransoming Persian captives
Explanation: Ubaidullah Khan reportedly funded the Mir-i Arab Madrassah with money obtained from the ransom of over three thousand Persian captives.
Why did the Lab-i Hauz pond survive Soviet-era efforts to fill in most of Bukhara's *hauzes*?
Answer: It formed the centerpiece of a significant architectural ensemble.
Explanation: The Lab-i Hauz pond survived Soviet-era efforts to fill in most *hauzes* because it formed the centerpiece of a significant 16th and 17th-century architectural ensemble.
Which character from Central Asian folk stories is depicted in a metal sculpture at the Lab-i Hauz Complex?
Answer: Nasruddin Hodja
Explanation: A metal sculpture of Nasruddin Hodja, a quick-witted character from Central Asian folk stories, is found at the Lab-i Hauz Complex.
The Bahoutdin Architectural Complex is a necropolis dedicated to the founder of which Sufi order?
Answer: Naqshbandi
Explanation: The Bahoutdin Architectural Complex is a necropolis dedicated to Shaykh Baha-ud-Din, the founder of the Naqshbandi Sufi order.
What is the common name for the historic citadel in Bukhara that served as the emir's fortress and was destroyed by the Red Army in 1920?
Answer: The Ark
Explanation: The historic citadel in Bukhara that served as the emir's fortress and was destroyed by the Red Army in 1920 is commonly known as the Ark.
In which century was the Boboyi Poradoz Mausoleum, an architectural monument, constructed?
Answer: 19th century
Explanation: The Boboyi Poradoz Mausoleum is a 19th-century architectural monument.
According to legend, who created the spring of pure, healing water at the Chashma-Ayub Mausoleum?
Answer: Prophet Job
Explanation: Legend states that the prophet Job ('Ayub' in the Quran) visited the site and created the spring of pure, healing water at the Chashma-Ayub Mausoleum.
The Ismail Samani Mausoleum, constructed between the 9th and 10th centuries, served as the resting place for the founder of which dynasty?
Answer: Samanid
Explanation: The Ismail Samani Mausoleum served as the resting place for Ismail Samani, the founder of the Samanid dynasty.
The mausoleum of Pakistan's founding father, Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Mazar-e-Quaid), was modeled after the architectural design of which Bukhara monument?
Answer: Ismail Samani Mausoleum
Explanation: The Mazar-e-Quaid in Karachi, Pakistan, was modeled after the architectural design of the Ismail Samani Mausoleum in Bukhara.
In what year was the Bolo Haouz Mosque constructed?
Answer: 1712
Explanation: The Bolo Haouz Mosque was constructed in 1712.
Who commissioned the construction of Char Minar in the 19th century?
Answer: Khalif Niyaz-kul
Explanation: Char Minar was built in the 19th century by Khalif Niyaz-kul.
What caused one of the four towers of Char Minar to collapse in 1995?
Answer: An underground brook
Explanation: One of the four towers of Char Minar collapsed in 1995 due to an underground brook.
What is the current use of the Magok-i-Attari Mosque, which was excavated in 1935?
Answer: A carpet museum
Explanation: The Magok-i-Attari Mosque, excavated in 1935, no longer functions as a mosque but now houses a carpet museum.
Under whose reign did the construction of the Shirbudun Palace begin around 1870?
Answer: Muzaffar bin Nasrullah
Explanation: The construction of the Shirbudun Palace began around 1870 during the reign of Muzaffar bin Nasrullah.
During which dynasty was Bukhara Prison built in the second half of the 18th century?
Answer: Mangit
Explanation: Bukhara Prison was built in the second half of the 18th century during the Mangit dynasty.
Who established the Khanqah of Nodir Devonbegi around 1620–1621?
Answer: Nodir Devonbegi
Explanation: The Khanqah of Nodir Devonbegi was established around 1620–1621 by Nodir Devonbegi.
In Matteo Maria Boiardo's epic poem *Orlando Innamorato*, Bukhara is mythologized as 'Albracca', a major city in Cathay.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that in Boiardo's *Orlando Innamorato*, Bukhara is mythologized as 'Albracca,' a major city in Cathay.
Suzani textiles from Bukhara are primarily known for their simple, unadorned designs.
Answer: False
Explanation: Suzani textiles from Bukhara are renowned worldwide for their intricate embroidery and artistic quality, not for simple, unadorned designs.
In Matteo Maria Boiardo's 1483 epic poem *Orlando Innamorato*, by what name is Bukhara mythologized?
Answer: Albracca
Explanation: In Matteo Maria Boiardo's *Orlando Innamorato*, Bukhara is mythologized as 'Albracca.'
For what are Suzani textiles from Bukhara renowned worldwide?
Answer: Their intricate embroidery and artistic quality
Explanation: Suzani textiles from Bukhara are renowned worldwide for their intricate embroidery and artistic quality.