The main waterfall section of Celilo Falls was exclusively known as Tumwater Falls.

The main waterfall of Celilo Falls consisted of three distinct sections: Horseshoe Falls, the Cul-de-Sac, and the main channel of the river.

At Celilo Falls, the Columbia River, typically 140 feet wide, expanded to over a mile wide.

During the spring freshet in June and July, Celilo Falls could be completely submerged due to the seasonal flow of the Columbia River.

Modeste Demers observed in 1839 that Celilo Falls was a single, massive waterfall with a consistent 20-foot drop.

Celilo Falls was considered the sixth-largest waterfall by volume in the world.

The average annual flow over Celilo Falls was approximately 1,240,000 cubic feet per second.

Celilo Falls was the final point in a series of rapids known as The Narrows, which stretched upstream for 12 miles.

Over the 12-mile stretch of The Narrows and The Dalles, the Columbia River dropped 82 feet at high water.

The Short Narrows, located ten miles below Celilo Falls, were approximately 3 miles long and 75 feet wide.

The Long Narrows, located ten miles below Celilo Falls, narrowed the river channel to 75 feet.

The Dalles Rapids, also known as Wascopam, were located immediately upstream from the Long Narrows.

Charles Wilkes calculated that the river dropped approximately 15 feet over a 2-mile stretch at the Long Narrows.

Which of the following was an alternative name for the main waterfall section of Celilo Falls?

The main waterfall of Celilo Falls included a deep eddy known as what?

At Celilo Falls, the Columbia River, typically over a mile wide, was constricted to approximately what width?

What was the approximate drop of Celilo Falls during periods of low water?

What did Modeste Demers' 1839 investigation reveal about Celilo Falls?

Celilo Falls was ranked as the sixth-largest waterfall globally based on what characteristic?

Which of the following represents the average annual flow rate over Celilo Falls?

Celilo Falls marked the beginning of a 12-mile series of cascades and rapids known collectively as what?

What was the total elevation drop of the Columbia River over the 12-mile stretch of The Narrows and The Dalles at high water?

The rapids located three miles below Celilo Falls were also known as the Little (or Upper) Dalles or what other name?

Approximately how long were the rapids known as the Short Narrows?

At the Long Narrows, located ten miles below Celilo Falls, the river channel narrowed to what width?

What was the native name for the Dalles Rapids, situated immediately downstream from the Long Narrows?

Explorer Charles Wilkes calculated that the river dropped approximately how many feet over a 2-mile stretch at the Long Narrows?

Celilo Falls was known as Wyam in the Tenino language, meaning 'echo of falling water' or 'sound of water upon the rocks'.

A 1950s image from the source material depicts traditional dipnet fishing activities at Celilo Falls.

Native peoples gathered at Wyam for an estimated 15,000 years for fishing and trade.

Native peoples at Celilo Falls primarily used large nets cast from canoes to catch salmon.

Historically, an estimated fifteen to twenty million salmon passed through Celilo Falls annually, making it a significant fishing site.

Celilo Falls was primarily a strategic location for trade between only two specific tribes, limiting its network reach.

Artifacts found at Celilo village indicate trade goods originated from regions as distant as the Great Plains and Alaska.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1805 described Celilo Falls as a sparsely populated area with minimal trade activity.

Historians have likened the Celilo area to the 'Wall Street of the West' due to its economic importance.

The Wishram people resided on the south bank of Celilo Falls, and the primary bargaining took place at the Wasco village.

Charles Wilkes identified Celilo Falls, the Big Dalles, and Cascades Rapids as major native fishing sites on the lower Columbia River.

George Simpson documented that only freshwater fish species were able to reach Celilo Falls, not marine mammals.

What is the Tenino language meaning of 'Wyam,' the native name for Celilo Falls?

For how many years was Celilo Falls recognized as the oldest continuously inhabited community on the North American continent?

What traditional fishing methods were employed by native peoples at Celilo Falls?

What was the estimated annual salmon passage through Celilo Falls, making it one of North America's most significant fishing sites?

Celilo Falls and The Dalles were strategically located at the boundary between which two language groups, serving as a central trading hub?

Artifacts discovered at Celilo village indicate trade goods originated from distant regions, including the Great Plains, the Southwestern United States, and what other area?

How did the Lewis and Clark Expedition characterize Celilo Falls in 1805?

Which native people resided on the north bank of Celilo Falls, where the primary bargaining and trade activities took place?

According to Charles Wilkes, which of the following was the largest of the major native fishing sites on the lower Columbia River?

What type of marine mammals were documented by George Simpson in 1841 as following salmon up the Columbia River to Celilo Falls?

Ross Cox described the Long Narrows as a 'succession of boiling whirlpools'.

Low water levels in late autumn made Celilo Falls a major barrier for navigation.

Lewis and Clark found their journey through Celilo Falls relatively easy because they arrived during high water in July.

The Long Narrows was considered impassable during high water and very dangerous even during autumn low water for unloaded boats.

Narcissa Whitman asserted in 1836 that fewer than ten 'white lives' had been lost at the Dalles.

The Army Corps of Engineers completed the Celilo Canal in 1915 to improve river navigation.

The Celilo Canal was a highly successful and frequently used portage for steamboats until the construction of The Dalles Dam.

Ross Cox described the Long Narrows as a 'succession of boiling whirlpools.' What did Alexander Ross state about its passage during floods?

How did the seasonal changes in the Columbia River's flow affect navigation at Celilo Falls, particularly during low water in late autumn?

David Thompson's journey through Celilo Falls in July 1811 was relatively easy due to high water. How did this compare to Lewis and Clark's experience?

What was the primary purpose of the Celilo Canal, completed by the Army Corps of Engineers in 1915?

Despite its completion in 1915, by what year did the Celilo Canal become completely idle?

Celilo Falls was submerged in 1967 due to the construction of the Bonneville Dam.

During World War II, 96 percent of Columbia River electricity was utilized for war manufacturing by 1943.

The Dalles was considered an ideal location for a new dam primarily because of its minimal impact on existing tribal fishing sites.

The 1855 Treaties guaranteed the Yakama Nation and other tribes their ancient 'right of taking fish at all usual and accustomed stations'.

Congressional hearings in 1947 concluded that the proposed dam at The Dalles would directly violate tribal fishing rights.

The federal government provided a monetary settlement of $26.8 million to affected tribes for the loss of Celilo Falls and other fishing sites.

The Dalles Dam construction began in 1957, and Celilo Falls was submerged in 1962.

What event directly led to the submergence of Celilo Falls in 1957?

Which of these was NOT a stated purpose for the construction of The Dalles Dam?

One of the motivations for civic leaders to advocate for hydroelectric dams on the Columbia River in the mid-20th century was to generate electricity for which specific industry?

By 1943, what percentage of Columbia River electricity was being used for war manufacturing?

The Corps of Engineers considered The Dalles an ideal location for a new dam primarily due to what factor?

The 1855 Treaties with various tribes, including the Yakama Nation, guaranteed their ancient 'right of taking fish at all usual and accustomed stations'. What was the significance of this right?

What was the outcome of the 1947 Congressional hearings regarding the proposed dam's impact on tribal fishing rights?

What was the monetary settlement provided by the federal government to affected tribes for the loss of Celilo Falls and other vital fishing sites?

The Army Corps of Engineers began construction on The Dalles Dam in 1952 and completed it in what year?

On March 10, 1957, what significant event occurred at Celilo Falls?

In 2019, tribal leaders called for the restoration of Celilo Falls, citing that Indigenous peoples never agreed to its submergence.

A small Native American community known as Celilo Village exists today on a bluff overlooking the former site of Celilo Falls.

A 2008 sonar survey revealed that Celilo Falls had been completely eroded and altered by the artificial lake.

Ted Strong of the Intertribal Fish Commission stated that the characteristics, roar, and fragrances of Celilo Falls can still be perceived and remembered by an Indian person.

In 2007, a small private ceremony was held to commemorate the 50-year anniversary of the inundation of Celilo Falls.

Ken Kesey's novel *One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest* references Celilo Falls as the location of Chief Bromden's native village.

Maya Lin completed interpretive artwork at Celilo Falls as part of the Confluence Project in 2015.

Northwest RiverPartners emphasized the continued importance of The Dalles Dam for hydropower electricity generation in response to restoration calls.

The aerial view of Lake Celilo shows that the Short Narrows and Long Narrows were completely unaffected by the dam's construction.

In 2019, which two tribal nations specifically called for the restoration of Celilo Falls?

Where is a small Native American community associated with Celilo Falls located today?

A 2008 sonar survey commemorating the 50th anniversary of the falls' flooding revealed what about Celilo Falls?

Who is the artist and architect currently developing interpretive artwork at Celilo Falls as part of the Confluence Project?

Which of the following was NOT a reason cited by Yakama and Lummi nation leaders in 2019 for advocating for the restoration of Celilo Falls?

What was Northwest RiverPartners' primary response to the calls for Celilo Falls' restoration?

The aerial view of Lake Celilo on the Columbia River, taken after the construction of The Dalles Dam, visually marks the former locations of Celilo Falls, the Short Narrows, and what other feature?