Welcome!

Enter a player name to begin or load your saved progress.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge

Home Return to Study Hints Random
Global Score: 0
Trophies: 0 🏆

‹ Back

Score: 0 / 100

Study Guide: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): History, Functions, and Recent Developments

Cheat Sheet:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): History, Functions, and Recent Developments Study Guide

Origins and Foundational Mission (1946-1960s)

The CDC was founded in 1946 as a successor to the Malaria Control in War Areas program.

Answer: True

Explanation: Established on July 1, 1946, the CDC was indeed founded as the successor agency to the Malaria Control in War Areas program.

Return to Game

The Rockefeller Foundation was a key organization influencing early malaria control efforts that preceded the CDC.

Answer: True

Explanation: Prior to the CDC's establishment, organizations such as the Malaria Commission of the League of Nations and the Rockefeller Foundation played significant roles in advancing malaria control strategies.

Return to Game

Atlanta was chosen as the CDC's headquarters location due to its proximity to major international airports.

Answer: False

Explanation: The selection of Atlanta as the CDC's headquarters was primarily influenced by the prevalence of malaria in the Southern United States at the time of the agency's founding.

Return to Game

The CDC's initial primary focus was on controlling and eradicating malaria.

Answer: True

Explanation: Upon its establishment, the CDC's primary objective was indeed the control and eradication of malaria, involving significant efforts in mosquito abatement and habitat control.

Return to Game

What was the CDC's predecessor agency, and when was the CDC founded?

Answer: Malaria Control in War Areas program, 1946

Explanation: The CDC was founded in 1946 as the successor to the Malaria Control in War Areas program.

Return to Game

Why was Atlanta chosen as the location for the CDC's headquarters?

Answer: Malaria was endemic in the Southern United States at the time.

Explanation: Atlanta was selected as the site for the CDC's headquarters due to the significant presence of malaria in the Southern United States during the agency's founding period.

Return to Game

What was the initial primary focus of the CDC upon its establishment?

Answer: Controlling and eradicating malaria through mosquito abatement

Explanation: The initial primary focus of the CDC was the control and eradication of malaria, employing strategies such as mosquito abatement and habitat control.

Return to Game

Organizational Structure and Core Functions

The stated primary mission of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is to facilitate international travel and tourism.

Answer: False

Explanation: The CDC's principal mandate is centered on protecting public health and safety through disease control and prevention, not primarily on facilitating international travel and tourism.

Return to Game

The CDC operates under the Department of Defense.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) functions as a federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), not the Department of Defense.

Return to Game

The main headquarters of the CDC is located in Washington D.C.

Answer: False

Explanation: The principal headquarters of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is situated in Atlanta, Georgia, not Washington D.C.

Return to Game

The CDC acquired its current headquarters' land from Emory University for a substantial sum in 1947.

Answer: False

Explanation: In 1947, the CDC acquired the land for its headquarters from Emory University for a nominal fee of $10, facilitated by philanthropic interests.

Return to Game

The CDC's name has remained 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention' since its founding in 1946.

Answer: False

Explanation: The agency's name has undergone several transformations since its founding in 1946, evolving from the Communicable Disease Center to its current designation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Return to Game

The CDC's Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories are designed to handle extremely safe and common pathogens.

Answer: False

Explanation: CDC Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories are specifically engineered to manage the most dangerous and highly infectious agents, not common or safe pathogens.

Return to Game

The CDC's BSL-4 laboratories housed one of the world's two official repositories for the smallpox virus.

Answer: True

Explanation: The CDC's Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories were indeed among the select facilities globally that housed official repositories for the smallpox virus.

Return to Game

The Division of Select Agents and Toxins regulates dangerous biological substances like anthrax and Ebola virus.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Division of Select Agents and Toxins is responsible for regulating and safeguarding against rare and dangerous biological substances, including agents such as anthrax and the Ebola virus.

Return to Game

The CDC Foundation is a government agency that directly funds CDC operations.

Answer: False

Explanation: The CDC Foundation is an independent, private nonprofit organization that supports the CDC's mission through private sector partnerships and fundraising, rather than being a government agency directly funding operations.

Return to Game

The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is responsible for collecting and analyzing vital and health statistics.

Answer: True

Explanation: The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) serves as the principal U.S. agency for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating vital and health statistics.

Return to Game

The CDC collaborates with the World Health Organization (WHO) on global health initiatives.

Answer: True

Explanation: The CDC actively collaborates with international bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and maintains a significant global presence to address public health challenges worldwide.

Return to Game

The International Health Regulations (IHR) are a U.S. domestic policy managed solely by the CDC.

Answer: False

Explanation: The International Health Regulations (IHR) are a global framework established by the WHO, which the CDC helps implement within the U.S. and in collaboration with international partners, rather than being solely a domestic policy managed exclusively by the CDC.

Return to Game

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) focuses on research for preventing work-related injuries and illnesses.

Answer: True

Explanation: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is dedicated to conducting research and providing recommendations aimed at preventing work-related injuries and illnesses.

Return to Game

Twenty directors have served the CDC or its predecessor agencies.

Answer: True

Explanation: According to available records, twenty individuals have held the position of director for the CDC or its predecessor agencies.

Return to Game

The CDC's budget for Fiscal Year 2024 is approximately $1.5 billion.

Answer: False

Explanation: The CDC's allocated budget for Fiscal Year 2024 is reported to be $11.581 billion, significantly more than $1.5 billion.

Return to Game

As of 2021, approximately 15,000 personnel worked for the CDC.

Answer: True

Explanation: As of 2021, the CDC employed approximately 15,000 individuals, including staff, contractors, and commissioned corps officers.

Return to Game

Common job titles at the CDC include physician, chemist, and statistician.

Answer: True

Explanation: The CDC employs a diverse range of professionals, with common job titles including physicians, chemists, statisticians, epidemiologists, biologists, and behavioral scientists, among others.

Return to Game

Building 18 at the CDC's Roybal Campus contains a premier Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory.

Answer: True

Explanation: Building 18 on the CDC's Roybal Campus houses a premier Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory, representing a critical facility for high-containment research.

Return to Game

The National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD) focuses on preventing diseases through vaccination and addressing respiratory illnesses.

Answer: True

Explanation: The National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD) is dedicated to disease prevention through immunization and the management of respiratory illnesses, forming a key component of the CDC's public health mission.

Return to Game

The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is primarily located in Atlanta, Georgia.

Answer: False

Explanation: While the CDC headquarters are in Atlanta, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is primarily located in Hyattsville, Maryland.

Return to Game

What is the primary function of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?

Answer: To protect public health and safety by controlling and preventing diseases.

Explanation: The primary function of the CDC is to safeguard public health and safety through the control and prevention of diseases, injuries, and disabilities, both domestically and internationally.

Return to Game

Under which U.S. federal department does the CDC operate?

Answer: Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

Explanation: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) operates as a federal agency under the purview of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

Return to Game

Where is the main headquarters of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention located?

Answer: Atlanta, Georgia

Explanation: The principal headquarters of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is located in Atlanta, Georgia.

Return to Game

Which of the following is NOT a specific area of focus for the CDC's disease control and prevention efforts?

Answer: Space exploration technology

Explanation: The CDC's mandate encompasses environmental health, foodborne pathogens, and injury prevention, but not space exploration technology.

Return to Game

How did the CDC acquire its current headquarters' land from Emory University?

Answer: For a nominal fee of $10.

Explanation: The CDC acquired the land for its headquarters from Emory University in 1947 for a nominal sum of $10.

Return to Game

What was the CDC's name in 1970?

Answer: Center for Disease Control

Explanation: In 1970, the agency's name was officially changed to the Center for Disease Control.

Return to Game

What is the function of the CDC's Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories?

Answer: To handle the most dangerous and infectious agents.

Explanation: CDC Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories are designed for the highest level of containment, enabling research on the most dangerous and infectious biological agents.

Return to Game

What is the role of the CDC Foundation?

Answer: An independent nonprofit supporting the CDC's mission through private partnerships.

Explanation: The CDC Foundation functions as an independent nonprofit organization that supports the CDC's public health mission by fostering private sector partnerships and securing philanthropic funding.

Return to Game

Which CDC center is primarily located in Hyattsville, Maryland?

Answer: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)

Explanation: The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is primarily situated in Hyattsville, Maryland.

Return to Game

How does the CDC engage in global health initiatives?

Answer: By collaborating with organizations like the WHO and maintaining staff in over 60 countries.

Explanation: The CDC engages in global health initiatives through collaboration with international organizations like the WHO and by maintaining personnel in over 60 countries worldwide.

Return to Game

What is the purpose of the CDC's Division of Select Agents and Toxins?

Answer: To regulate and protect the public from rare and dangerous biological substances.

Explanation: The Division of Select Agents and Toxins is tasked with regulating and protecting the public from rare and dangerous biological substances.

Return to Game

What was the CDC's approximate annual budget for Fiscal Year 2024?

Answer: $11.581 billion

Explanation: The CDC's budget for Fiscal Year 2024 is reported as $11.581 billion.

Return to Game

As of 2021, approximately how many personnel worked for the CDC?

Answer: 15,000

Explanation: As of 2021, the CDC employed approximately 15,000 individuals, including staff, contractors, and commissioned corps officers.

Return to Game

Which CDC center focuses on preventing diseases through immunization and addressing respiratory illnesses?

Answer: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD)

Explanation: The National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD) is dedicated to disease prevention through immunization and the management of respiratory illnesses, forming a key component of the CDC's public health mission.

Return to Game

Evolution of Scope and Key Initiatives

The CDC exclusively focuses its efforts on infectious diseases.

Answer: False

Explanation: While infectious diseases are a core focus, the CDC's purview extends to a broader range of public health issues, including environmental health, foodborne pathogens, health promotion, and injury prevention.

Return to Game

The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) was established to train epidemiologists to investigate public health threats.

Answer: True

Explanation: Established in 1951, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) was designed as a training program to develop epidemiologists, colloquially known as 'disease detectives,' for the investigation of public health threats.

Return to Game

The CDC's mission expanded in the late 1950s to include Tuberculosis Control and Immunization programs.

Answer: True

Explanation: The CDC's mission broadened significantly in the late 1950s and early 1960s to encompass sexually transmitted diseases, Tuberculosis Control, and Immunization programs.

Return to Game

Since the 1990s, the CDC's focus has narrowed primarily to infectious diseases.

Answer: False

Explanation: Contrary to narrowing its focus, the CDC's scope has broadened since the 1990s to include chronic diseases, disabilities, injury control, and environmental health threats, in addition to infectious diseases.

Return to Game

The CDC used a zombie apocalypse campaign to encourage general disaster preparedness.

Answer: True

Explanation: In 2011, the CDC employed a 'Preparedness 101: Zombie Apocalypse' campaign to engage the public and promote readiness for various disaster scenarios.

Return to Game

The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the world's largest ongoing telephone health survey.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is recognized as the world's largest ongoing telephone health survey, collecting data on health-related behaviors and conditions.

Return to Game

The CDC's 'National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria' includes funding for the Antibiotic Resistance Lab Network.

Answer: True

Explanation: The CDC's 'National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria' supports the development and expansion of the Antibiotic Resistance Lab Network.

Return to Game

Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) officers are known as 'disease detectives' and investigate outbreaks.

Answer: True

Explanation: Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) officers are indeed recognized as 'disease detectives' and are deployed to investigate and contain outbreaks of public health significance.

Return to Game

The Public Health Associate Program (PHAP) is a short-term internship for experienced public health professionals.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Public Health Associate Program (PHAP) is a two-year fellowship designed for recent college graduates to gain practical public health experience, not a short-term internship for experienced professionals.

Return to Game

The CDC's Laboratory Response Network (LRN) helps detect and track antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Answer: True

Explanation: The CDC's Laboratory Response Network (LRN) plays a vital role in detecting and tracking antibiotic-resistant bacteria across the United States.

Return to Game

What was the primary purpose of establishing the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) within the CDC?

Answer: To develop epidemiologists ('disease detectives') to investigate public health threats.

Explanation: The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) was established to train and deploy epidemiologists, known as 'disease detectives,' to investigate and respond to public health threats.

Return to Game

Which of the following areas was added to the CDC's mission in the late 1950s and early 1960s?

Answer: Sexually transmitted diseases and Tuberculosis Control

Explanation: The CDC's mission expanded in the late 1950s and early 1960s to include the control of sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis, alongside its existing focus on infectious diseases.

Return to Game

Since the 1990s, the CDC's focus has broadened to include areas such as:

Answer: Chronic diseases, disabilities, and injury control.

Explanation: Since the 1990s, the CDC's scope has expanded to encompass chronic diseases, disabilities, and injury control, in addition to its traditional focus on infectious diseases.

Return to Game

How did the CDC use a popular culture theme in 2011 for public health messaging?

Answer: A blog post titled 'Preparedness 101: Zombie Apocalypse'.

Explanation: In 2011, the CDC published a blog post titled 'Preparedness 101: Zombie Apocalypse' as an innovative method to promote general disaster preparedness among the public.

Return to Game

What distinguishes the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)?

Answer: It is the world's largest ongoing telephone health survey.

Explanation: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is distinguished by its status as the world's largest ongoing telephone health survey.

Return to Game

The CDC's 'National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria' supports which initiative?

Answer: Development of the Antibiotic Resistance Lab Network

Explanation: The CDC's 'National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria' includes provisions for funding the development and operation of the Antibiotic Resistance Lab Network.

Return to Game

The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) is known for deploying its officers for short-term assignments called:

Answer: Epi-Aids

Explanation: Short-term assignments undertaken by Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) officers are known as 'Epi-Aids'.

Return to Game

What was the role of the CDC's Laboratory Response Network (LRN)?

Answer: To track and detect antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Explanation: The CDC's Laboratory Response Network (LRN) is instrumental in tracking and detecting antibiotic-resistant bacteria across the nation.

Return to Game

Ethical Considerations and Public Health Tools

The CDC inherited the Tuskegee syphilis experiment from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Answer: False

Explanation: The Tuskegee syphilis experiment was inherited by the CDC from its predecessor, the U.S. Public Health Service, not the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Return to Game

The Dickey Amendment in 1996 prohibited the CDC from using funds to advocate for gun control.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Dickey Amendment, enacted in 1996, stipulated that appropriated funds could not be used by the CDC for advocating or promoting gun control, thereby impacting research in this area.

Return to Game

The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) is a CDC publication that disseminates public health information.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) serves as a key CDC publication for disseminating timely public health data and recommendations.

Return to Game

The CDC monitors vaccine safety solely through the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).

Answer: False

Explanation: While VAERS is a critical tool, the CDC employs multiple systems, including the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) and the V-safe smartphone app, to monitor vaccine safety comprehensively.

Return to Game

The CDC's 'yellow book' provides guidance for international travelers regarding health risks and precautions.

Answer: True

Explanation: The publication commonly referred to as the 'CDC Yellow Book' is officially titled 'CDC Health Information for International Travel' and offers comprehensive guidance for travelers.

Return to Game

The CDC issues travel health notices categorized into two levels: 'Caution' and 'Danger'.

Answer: False

Explanation: CDC Travel Health Notices are categorized into three levels: 'Watch' (Level 1), 'Alert' (Level 2), and 'Warning' (Level 3), not two levels of 'Caution' and 'Danger'.

Return to Game

Which significant ethical issue did the CDC inherit from its predecessor, the U.S. Public Health Service?

Answer: The Tuskegee syphilis experiment.

Explanation: The CDC inherited the ethically contentious Tuskegee syphilis experiment from its predecessor, the U.S. Public Health Service, which involved observing untreated syphilis in Black men without informed consent.

Return to Game

What controversy arose in the 1990s concerning the CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control?

Answer: The Dickey Amendment prohibited funding for research advocating gun control.

Explanation: The National Center for Injury Prevention and Control faced controversy due to the Dickey Amendment, which prohibited the use of CDC funds for advocating gun control.

Return to Game

Which of the following is a tool used by the CDC to monitor vaccine safety?

Answer: The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)

Explanation: The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a primary tool utilized by the CDC for monitoring vaccine safety.

Return to Game

What is the common name for the 'CDC Health Information for International Travel' publication?

Answer: The CDC Yellow Book

Explanation: The publication 'CDC Health Information for International Travel' is widely known by the common name 'The CDC Yellow Book'.

Return to Game

The CDC issues travel health notices categorized into three levels. Which is the highest level, indicating a need to avoid nonessential travel?

Answer: Warning (Level 3)

Explanation: The highest level of CDC Travel Health Notice is 'Warning' (Level 3), which advises travelers to avoid nonessential travel to the destination.

Return to Game

Hypothetical Future and Reorganization (2025)

Starting in 2025, the CDC Director position requires Senate confirmation.

Answer: True

Explanation: As mandated by legislation, the position of CDC Director is scheduled to require Senate confirmation beginning January 20, 2025.

Return to Game

As part of the 2025 HHS reorganization, the CDC is planned to absorb the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Answer: False

Explanation: The planned 2025 HHS reorganization involves the CDC absorbing the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, not the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Return to Game

In January 2025, CDC websites related to HIV and STI prevention were removed.

Answer: True

Explanation: In January 2025, certain CDC websites and datasets concerning HIV, STI prevention, and LGBT/youth health were reportedly made unavailable following an executive order.

Return to Game

The publication of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) was halted in January 2025.

Answer: True

Explanation: The publication of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) was indeed halted in January 2025 due to a communications pause imposed by the administration.

Return to Game

In February 2025, CDC scientists were ordered to include banned terms like 'gender' in their research.

Answer: False

Explanation: In February 2025, CDC scientists were reportedly ordered to retract unpublished research that included banned terms related to gender identity and sexual orientation, not to include them.

Return to Game

In response to data censorship in 2025, journalists uploaded removed CDC articles to archival sites.

Answer: True

Explanation: In response to perceived data censorship in 2025, researchers and journalists took action to preserve removed CDC articles by uploading them to archival websites.

Return to Game

A judge ordered the temporary restoration of removed CDC pages in February 2025.

Answer: True

Explanation: In February 2025, a federal judge ordered the temporary restoration of removed CDC web pages following a lawsuit, acknowledging their critical importance.

Return to Game

Approximately 1,300 CDC employees were laid off in February 2025, including all first-year EIS officers.

Answer: True

Explanation: February 2025 saw approximately 1,300 CDC employees laid off, a group that included all first-year Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) officers.

Return to Game

In August 2025, programs like maternal and child health services were dismantled due to CDC cuts.

Answer: True

Explanation: In August 2025, significant CDC cuts led to the dismantling of programs such as maternal and child health services and oral health programs.

Return to Game

The perpetrator of the August 2025 shooting at CDC headquarters was motivated by distrust in vaccines.

Answer: True

Explanation: The perpetrator of the August 2025 shooting incident at CDC headquarters was reportedly motivated by a profound distrust in vaccines, particularly concerning perceived negative impacts on mental health.

Return to Game

In June 2025, HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. fired all members of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

Answer: True

Explanation: In June 2025, HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. dismissed all members of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and appointed new members, raising concerns about scientific integrity.

Return to Game

CDC Director Susan Monarez was fired in August 2025 for approving unscientific recommendations.

Answer: False

Explanation: CDC Director Susan Monarez was reportedly fired in August 2025 for refusing to approve unscientific recommendations from the ACIP and for dismissing senior vaccine experts, rather than for approving unscientific recommendations.

Return to Game

Following Susan Monarez's firing, the Chief Medical Officer of the CDC resigned.

Answer: True

Explanation: Subsequent to the dismissal of CDC Director Susan Monarez, several senior officials resigned, including the Chief Medical Officer.

Return to Game

What change regarding the CDC Director position takes effect in January 2025?

Answer: The position will require Senate confirmation.

Explanation: Effective January 20, 2025, the position of CDC Director is mandated to require Senate confirmation.

Return to Game

What happened to several CDC websites and datasets in January 2025 related to specific health topics?

Answer: They became unavailable, reportedly to remove 'diversity, equity, and inclusion' material.

Explanation: In January 2025, several CDC websites and datasets related to topics such as HIV, STI prevention, and LGBT/youth health were reportedly removed or made unavailable, purportedly to eliminate 'diversity, equity, and inclusion' content.

Return to Game

In February 2025, what directive was issued to CDC scientists regarding unpublished research?

Answer: To retract unpublished research that included banned terms related to gender identity.

Explanation: In February 2025, CDC scientists received directives to retract unpublished research that incorporated banned terms associated with gender identity and sexual orientation.

Return to Game

What was the motivation behind the August 2025 shooting incident at the CDC headquarters?

Answer: Distrust in vaccines, specifically the COVID-19 vaccine's perceived impact on mental health.

Explanation: The perpetrator of the August 2025 shooting incident at CDC headquarters was reportedly motivated by profound distrust in vaccines, particularly the COVID-19 vaccine's perceived adverse effects on mental health.

Return to Game

In June 2025, HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. took what action regarding the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)?

Answer: Fired all 17 members and appointed new ones, raising concerns about scientific integrity.

Explanation: In June 2025, HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. dismissed all members of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and appointed new individuals, many of whom lacked vaccine expertise, leading to concerns regarding the committee's scientific integrity.

Return to Game

Why was CDC Director Susan Monarez fired in August 2025?

Answer: For refusing to approve unscientific ACIP recommendations and dismiss senior staff vaccine experts.

Explanation: CDC Director Susan Monarez was dismissed in August 2025, reportedly for refusing to endorse unscientific ACIP recommendations and for resisting the dismissal of senior vaccine experts, signaling a conflict between scientific integrity and political pressures.

Return to Game