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Charles Hardinge was the first member of his family to hold a high governmental position in India.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. Charles Hardinge was the grandson of Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge, who had previously served as the Governor-General of India, indicating a familial precedent in high governmental positions in India.
Charles Hardinge received his higher education at Oxford University.
Answer: False
Explanation: Charles Hardinge received his higher education at Trinity College, Cambridge, not Oxford University.
Charles Hardinge held the title of Baron Hardinge of Penshurst before entering the diplomatic service.
Answer: False
Explanation: Charles Hardinge was raised to the peerage as Baron Hardinge of Penshurst on June 23, 1910, which was well after he had entered the diplomatic service in 1880.
Charles Hardinge's father had previously served as Governor-General of India.
Answer: False
Explanation: Charles Hardinge's grandfather, Henry Hardinge, served as Governor-General of India, not his father.
Who was Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst?
Answer: A British diplomat and statesman who served as Viceroy of India.
Explanation: Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst, was a distinguished British diplomat and statesman, most notably serving as the Viceroy and Governor-General of India from 1910 to 1916.
Which of the following was NOT among the educational institutions Charles Hardinge attended?
Answer: University of Oxford
Explanation: Charles Hardinge attended Cheam School, Harrow School, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He did not attend the University of Oxford.
What was the familial relationship between Charles Hardinge and a previous Governor-General of India?
Answer: Grandson
Explanation: Charles Hardinge was the grandson of Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge, who had previously served as the Governor-General of India.
In which year did Charles Hardinge enter the diplomatic service?
Answer: 1880
Explanation: Charles Hardinge entered the diplomatic service in 1880.
Charles Hardinge's initial posting in the diplomatic service was as private secretary to the ambassador in which city?
Answer: Constantinople
Explanation: Charles Hardinge's first diplomatic assignment was in 1880 to the British embassy in Constantinople, where he served as private secretary to the ambassador.
Before becoming Viceroy, Charles Hardinge served as the British Ambassador to the United States.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Charles Hardinge did serve in the United States, his role was as Chargé d'affaires, not as Ambassador, prior to his appointment as Viceroy. His ambassadorship to France occurred after his viceroyalty.
Charles Hardinge was appointed Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office before his role in India.
Answer: True
Explanation: Prior to his appointment as Viceroy of India, Charles Hardinge served as Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office from 1906 to 1910.
Charles Hardinge served as Ambassador to France before his appointment as Viceroy of India.
Answer: False
Explanation: Charles Hardinge served as the British Ambassador to France from 1920 to 1922, which was after his viceroyalty in India (1910-1916).
After his service as Viceroy, Lord Hardinge resumed which key diplomatic role?
Answer: Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office
Explanation: After concluding his viceroyalty in India, Lord Hardinge returned to England to resume his post as Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office.
Charles Hardinge served as Ambassador to which country after his term as Viceroy concluded?
Answer: France
Explanation: After his viceroyalty, Charles Hardinge served as the British Ambassador to France from 1920 until his retirement in 1922.
Charles Hardinge served as Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs during which period(s)?
Answer: 1906-1910 and 1916-1920
Explanation: Charles Hardinge served as Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office in two periods: 1906-1910 and again from 1916-1920.
Charles Hardinge served as Viceroy and Governor-General of India for a period of ten years.
Answer: False
Explanation: Charles Hardinge served as Viceroy and Governor-General of India from November 23, 1910, to April 4, 1916, a period of approximately five and a half years, not ten.
The capital of British India was moved from Delhi to Calcutta during Lord Hardinge's viceroyalty.
Answer: False
Explanation: The capital of British India was moved from Calcutta to Delhi during Lord Hardinge's viceroyalty, a decision announced in 1911.
Lord Hardinge's tenure saw a deterioration in relations between the British administration and Indian nationalists.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to a deterioration, Lord Hardinge's tenure saw an improvement in relations with Indian nationalists, partly due to his sympathetic stance on certain issues and the implementation of reforms.
Lord Hardinge's improved colonial relationships helped Britain deploy Indian troops to fight outside India during World War I.
Answer: True
Explanation: The improved relationships fostered during Lord Hardinge's tenure facilitated the deployment of a significant number of British and Indian troops from India to overseas theatres during World War I.
Charles Hardinge expressed criticism of South Africa's policies regarding Indian immigrants.
Answer: True
Explanation: The records indicate that Lord Hardinge was critical of the Union of South Africa's policies concerning Indian immigrants, suggesting a degree of empathy towards their situation.
What significant administrative change was initiated during Lord Hardinge's viceroyalty in India?
Answer: The transfer of the capital from Calcutta to New Delhi.
Explanation: A significant administrative change during Lord Hardinge's tenure was the decision and initiation of the move of the capital of British India from Calcutta to New Delhi, announced in 1911.
How did Lord Hardinge's approach affect relations with Indian nationalists?
Answer: Relations improved, partly due to his admiration for Gandhi and criticism of South African policies.
Explanation: Lord Hardinge's tenure saw an improvement in relations with Indian nationalists, influenced by his sympathetic views on issues like South Africa's treatment of Indians and his respect for Mohandas Gandhi.
What contribution did Lord Hardinge's policies make to Britain's World War I effort?
Answer: They enabled the deployment of most British and Indian troops from India to fight overseas.
Explanation: Lord Hardinge's efforts to foster better colonial relationships allowed Britain to deploy nearly all of its British and Indian troops stationed in India to fight in theatres outside India during World War I.
King George V's visit to India and the associated Delhi Durbar occurred after Lord Hardinge's viceroyalty concluded.
Answer: False
Explanation: The visit of King George V and the Delhi Durbar took place in December 1911, which was during Lord Hardinge's viceroyalty (1910-1916), not after it concluded.
Lord Hardinge was never the target of any violent incidents during his time as Viceroy.
Answer: False
Explanation: Lord Hardinge was indeed the target of a violent incident; he survived a bomb attack in Delhi in 1912.
Lord Hardinge founded a school in India named after himself during his viceroyalty.
Answer: True
Explanation: During his viceroyalty, Lord Hardinge founded the Dhamrai Hardinge High School and College in 1914.
The Hardinge Railway Bridge, completed during Lord Hardinge's viceroyalty, is a major railway link in Pakistan.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Hardinge Railway Bridge, completed in 1915 during Lord Hardinge's viceroyalty, is a major railway link in Bangladesh, not Pakistan.
The Hardinge Railway Bridge was inaugurated in 1915, the same year Charles Hardinge's second tenure as Permanent Under-Secretary began.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Hardinge Railway Bridge was inaugurated in 1915. However, Charles Hardinge's second tenure as Permanent Under-Secretary began in April 1916, not 1915.
The Delhi Durbar in 1911 was held to commemorate the anniversary of the Indian Mutiny.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Delhi Durbar in 1911 was held to mark the coronation of King George V as Emperor of India, not to commemorate the anniversary of the Indian Mutiny.
The 'Delhi conspiracy case' is related to an assassination attempt on Lord Hardinge.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Delhi conspiracy case' is indeed related to the assassination attempt on Lord Hardinge in 1912, carried out by Indian nationalists.
Which royal event took place in India during Lord Hardinge's term as Viceroy?
Answer: The visit of King George V and the Delhi Durbar.
Explanation: The visit of King George V and the subsequent Delhi Durbar, a major ceremonial event, occurred in December 1911 during Lord Hardinge's viceroyalty.
Lord Hardinge was the target of a bomb attack in 1912 carried out by which individuals?
Answer: Rash Behari Bose and Sachin Sanyal
Explanation: The bomb attack targeting Lord Hardinge in 1912 was carried out by Indian nationalists Rash Behari Bose and Sachin Sanyal.
Which educational institution did Lord Hardinge found in India during his viceroyalty?
Answer: The Dhamrai Hardinge High School and College
Explanation: During his viceroyalty, Lord Hardinge founded the Dhamrai Hardinge High School and College in 1914.
What significant infrastructure project was completed and inaugurated in 1915 during Lord Hardinge's tenure?
Answer: The Hardinge Railway Bridge
Explanation: The Hardinge Railway Bridge, a significant infrastructure project, was completed and inaugurated in 1915 during Lord Hardinge's viceroyalty.
What was the purpose of the Delhi Durbar in 1911?
Answer: To mark the coronation of King George V as Emperor of India.
Explanation: The Delhi Durbar held in 1911, during King George V's visit, served as a grand ceremonial event to mark his coronation as Emperor of India.
After his viceroyalty, Lord Hardinge immediately retired from public service.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following his viceroyalty, Lord Hardinge did not immediately retire; he resumed his position as Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office and later served as Ambassador to France.
Charles Hardinge was recognized as a recipient of six British knighthoods, which was a common occurrence for non-royals.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Charles Hardinge did receive six British knighthoods, this was an exceptionally high number for a non-royal, indicating significant recognition rather than being a common occurrence.
Charles Hardinge authored only one book during his lifetime.
Answer: False
Explanation: Charles Hardinge authored two books: 'Old Diplomacy' and 'My Indian Years'.
Charles Hardinge married his cousin, Winifred Selina Sturt, in 1890.
Answer: True
Explanation: Charles Hardinge married his first cousin, Winifred Selina Sturt, on April 17, 1890.
Charles Hardinge's eldest son, Edward, died peacefully of old age after his father's viceroyalty.
Answer: False
Explanation: The eldest son, Edward, died in 1914 at the age of 22 from wounds sustained while serving in World War I, not peacefully of old age.
Charles Hardinge's writings include 'My Indian Years' and 'Diplomatic Memoirs'.
Answer: False
Explanation: Charles Hardinge authored 'My Indian Years' and 'Old Diplomacy', not 'Diplomatic Memoirs'.
Charles Hardinge served as the Administrative Director for the British Empire Delegation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.
Answer: True
Explanation: Charles Hardinge held the position of Administrative Director for the British Empire Delegation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.
Charles Hardinge received numerous foreign awards, including the Legion of Honour from Germany.
Answer: False
Explanation: Charles Hardinge received the Legion of Honour from France, not Germany. He did receive numerous foreign awards from various countries.
The objections to Charles Hardinge's marriage to Winifred Sturt were based on his political opposition.
Answer: False
Explanation: The objections to Charles Hardinge's marriage to Winifred Sturt were primarily based on their consanguinity (being first cousins) and Hardinge's financial status at the time, not political opposition.
Charles Hardinge was born in 1858 and died in 1944.
Answer: True
Explanation: Charles Hardinge was born on June 20, 1858, and passed away on August 2, 1944.
The authority control databases listed for Charles Hardinge indicate he was a minor historical figure with limited documentation.
Answer: False
Explanation: The inclusion of authority control databases signifies that Charles Hardinge is a recognized historical figure whose identity and works are cataloged and standardized internationally, indicating substantial documentation, not limited.
Charles Hardinge held the distinction of being a non-royal recipient of how many British knighthoods?
Answer: Six
Explanation: Charles Hardinge was recognized with six British knighthoods, an unusually high number for a non-royal, reflecting his extensive service.
What was the title of the book Charles Hardinge wrote about his experiences in India?
Answer: My Indian Years
Explanation: Charles Hardinge wrote a book detailing his experiences in India titled 'My Indian Years'.
What was Charles Hardinge's role at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919?
Answer: Administrative Director for the British Empire Delegation
Explanation: At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, Charles Hardinge served as the Administrative Director for the British Empire Delegation.
The objections to Charles Hardinge's marriage to Winifred Sturt were based on which two factors?
Answer: Consanguinity and Hardinge's financial status
Explanation: The objections to Charles Hardinge's marriage to Winifred Sturt stemmed from their consanguinity (being first cousins) and Hardinge's financial standing at the time.
What happened to Charles Hardinge's eldest son, Edward?
Answer: He died at age 22 from wounds sustained in World War I.
Explanation: The Hon. Edward Hardinge, Charles Hardinge's eldest son, died in December 1914 at the age of 22 from wounds sustained during World War I.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a foreign award received by Charles Hardinge?
Answer: Order of the Rising Sun (Japan)
Explanation: The provided information lists awards from France, Italy, Portugal, Greece, and Spain, but does not mention the Order of the Rising Sun from Japan.
What does the mention of 'Authority control databases' signify regarding Charles Hardinge?
Answer: His life and works are cataloged and standardized internationally.
Explanation: The inclusion of authority control databases indicates that Charles Hardinge is a recognized historical figure whose identity and works have been cataloged and standardized across various international and national information systems.
Charles Hardinge was raised to the peerage on which date?
Answer: June 23, 1910
Explanation: Charles Hardinge was raised to the peerage, receiving the title Baron Hardinge of Penshurst, on June 23, 1910.
What was the lifespan of Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst?
Answer: 1858 - 1944
Explanation: Charles Hardinge was born in 1858 and died in 1944, giving him a lifespan of 86 years.