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Chiang Kai-shek primarily led the Republic of China from its establishment in 1912 until his death.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the Republic of China was established in 1912, Chiang Kai-shek assumed leadership of the Nationalist government in 1928, not from the Republic's inception.
Chiang Kai-shek was born in 1900 in Shanghai, China.
Answer: False
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek was born in 1887 in Fenghua, Zhejiang province, not in 1900 in Shanghai.
Chiang Kai-shek received his military education exclusively within China, never attending institutions in Japan.
Answer: False
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek received military training in both China (Baoding Military Academy) and Japan (Tokyo Shinbu Gakko).
Chiang Kai-shek joined Sun Yat-sen's Tongmenghui organization after Sun's death in 1925.
Answer: False
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek joined Sun Yat-sen's Tongmenghui organization in 1908, prior to Sun's death in 1925.
The Northern Expedition, led by Chiang Kai-shek, successfully unified all of China under the Nationalist government by 1928.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the Northern Expedition nominally unified China under the Nationalist government by 1928, it did not achieve complete control over all regions, and internal conflicts persisted.
The alliance between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) broke down in 1937 following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.
Answer: False
Explanation: The KMT-CCP alliance broke down in 1927 with the Shanghai Massacre, initiating the Chinese Civil War. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937 marked the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War and led to a temporary, uneasy alliance.
The 'Nanjing Decade' (1928-1937) was characterized by Chiang Kai-shek's efforts to suppress the Communist Party while neglecting modernization efforts.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Nanjing Decade' saw significant modernization efforts, including reforms in law, economy, and public health, alongside Chiang's campaigns against the Communists.
Chiang Kai-shek immediately declared war on Japan after its invasion of Manchuria in 1931.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following the 1931 invasion of Manchuria, Chiang Kai-shek pursued a policy of 'first internal pacification, then external resistance,' prioritizing the suppression of the Communists over immediate confrontation with Japan.
The Xi'an Incident involved Chiang Kai-shek being kidnapped by Japanese forces, forcing him to ally with the Communists.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the Xi'an Incident, Chiang Kai-shek was kidnapped by his own generals, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, not by Japanese forces. This led him to agree to a united front against Japan.
The name 'Chiang Kai-shek' is a direct romanization of his birth name, Jiang Ruiyuan.
Answer: False
Explanation: The name 'Chiang Kai-shek' is a romanization derived from his pen name, Jiang Jieshi, which itself is based on Cantonese pronunciation, not a direct romanization of his birth name, Jiang Ruiyuan.
The name 'Kai-shek' was chosen by Chiang to symbolize his ambition to conquer the Soviet Union.
Answer: False
Explanation: The name 'Kai-shek' is interpreted as symbolizing steadfastness and strength, akin to 'firm as a rock,' rather than an ambition to conquer the Soviet Union.
Who was Chiang Kai-shek?
Answer: A politician, revolutionary, and general who led the Republic of China.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek was a pivotal Chinese politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the paramount leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 until his death in 1975.
In which province was Chiang Kai-shek born?
Answer: Zhejiang
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek was born in Xikou, Fenghua, which is located in Zhejiang province, China.
Chiang Kai-shek received military training in which two countries?
Answer: China and Japan
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek received military education in both China, attending the Baoding Military Academy, and Japan, studying at the Tokyo Shinbu Gakko.
Which organization, a precursor to the Kuomintang, did Chiang Kai-shek join in 1908?
Answer: The Tongmenghui
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek joined the Tongmenghui, also known as the Revolutionary Alliance, in 1908, which was a significant precursor to the Kuomintang.
What was the primary objective of the Northern Expedition led by Chiang Kai-shek?
Answer: To conquer the northern warlords and nominally unify China.
Explanation: The primary objective of the Northern Expedition, launched in 1926, was to defeat the northern warlords and achieve the nominal unification of China under the Nationalist government.
The breakdown of the KMT-CCP alliance and the start of the Chinese Civil War is primarily associated with which event in 1927?
Answer: The Shanghai Massacre
Explanation: The KMT-CCP alliance fractured dramatically in 1927 following the Shanghai Massacre, orchestrated by Chiang Kai-shek's forces, which marked the beginning of the Chinese Civil War.
Which period is known as the 'Nanjing Decade' under Chiang's leadership?
Answer: 1928-1937
Explanation: The 'Nanjing Decade' refers to the period from 1928 to 1937, during which Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government was based in Nanjing and pursued modernization and consolidation efforts.
What was Chiang Kai-shek's controversial policy following Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931?
Answer: Prioritizing internal pacification over immediate external resistance.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek's policy after the 1931 invasion of Manchuria was to prioritize internal consolidation and suppression of the Communists before confronting Japan, a stance that drew considerable criticism.
The Xi'an Incident in December 1936 resulted in Chiang Kai-shek agreeing to:
Answer: A 'Second United Front' with the Communists to resist Japan.
Explanation: The Xi'an Incident compelled Chiang Kai-shek to agree to a 'Second United Front' with the Chinese Communist Party, shifting focus towards resisting Japanese aggression.
The widely recognized romanization 'Chiang Kai-shek' is derived from which pronunciation?
Answer: Cantonese pronunciation of his pen name.
Explanation: The romanization 'Chiang Kai-shek' is derived from the Cantonese pronunciation of his pen name, Jiang Jieshi.
What does the name 'Kai-shek' symbolize, according to interpretations?
Answer: Steadfastness and strength, like 'firm as a rock'.
Explanation: The name 'Kai-shek' is interpreted to symbolize steadfastness and strength, often translated as 'firm as a rock'.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek moved the Chinese government to Beijing for safety.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek moved the Chinese government inland to Chongqing, not Beijing, for safety.
Chiang Kai-shek attended the Potsdam Conference alongside Allied leaders after World War II.
Answer: False
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek attended the Cairo Conference in 1943. The Potsdam Conference in 1945 involved leaders like Truman, Churchill, and Stalin.
Following World War II, Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government successfully maintained control over mainland China.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following World War II, the Chinese Civil War resumed, leading to the defeat of Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government and its retreat to Taiwan in 1949.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek moved the capital of the Republic of China to which city?
Answer: Chongqing
Explanation: During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek relocated the capital of the Republic of China inland to Chongqing to ensure its safety from Japanese advances.
Chiang Kai-shek played a role in which major Allied wartime conference?
Answer: Cairo Conference
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek participated in the Cairo Conference in 1943, alongside Allied leaders Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill, to discuss postwar plans for Asia.
What was the immediate outcome for Chiang Kai-shek's government after World War II concluded?
Answer: The civil war resumed, leading to their defeat and retreat to Taiwan.
Explanation: Following World War II, the Chinese Civil War intensified, resulting in the Nationalist government's defeat and subsequent retreat to Taiwan in 1949.
US military advisor Joseph Stilwell criticized Chiang Kai-shek and his generals primarily for what?
Answer: Perceived incompetence and corruption, including embezzlement.
Explanation: US military advisor Joseph Stilwell frequently criticized Chiang Kai-shek and his generals for perceived incompetence, corruption, and alleged embezzlement of funds.
After World War II, Chiang Kai-shek's government controversially allowed some Japanese soldiers and collaborators to:
Answer: Remain active, join the Nationalist officer corps, or serve as advisors.
Explanation: Controversially, after World War II, Chiang's government permitted some Japanese soldiers and collaborators to remain active, join the Nationalist officer corps, or serve as advisors, partly to prevent Communists from accepting their surrender.
Which factor is NOT typically cited by historians as contributing to the Nationalist government's defeat in the Chinese Civil War?
Answer: Chiang's successful military strategies.
Explanation: Historians generally cite Chiang's military strategies as contributing to the Nationalist defeat, not as a factor that prevented it. Other cited factors include Communist land reform, reduced US aid, and antagonizing various groups.
Upon retreating to Taiwan in 1949, Chiang Kai-shek immediately lifted all political restrictions and established democratic elections.
Answer: False
Explanation: Upon retreating to Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek imposed martial law and initiated a period of political repression known as the 'White Terror,' rather than immediately lifting restrictions and establishing democratic elections.
Chiang Kai-shek was re-elected President of the Republic of China on Taiwan by popular vote every six years starting in 1950.
Answer: False
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek was re-elected by the National Assembly (the 'Eternal Parliament'), not by direct popular vote, and served until his death in 1975.
In Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek's government implemented land reform that increased land ownership for farmers.
Answer: True
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek's government in Taiwan implemented significant land reform policies that successfully increased land ownership among farmers.
The 'White Terror' in Taiwan, a period of political repression, ended in the early 1950s shortly after Chiang's arrival.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'White Terror' in Taiwan, a period of political repression, did not end in the early 1950s; martial law was lifted in 1987, and broader repression continued until the early 1990s.
Upon retreating to Taiwan in 1949, Chiang Kai-shek's government implemented which measure?
Answer: Imposition of martial law and political repression ('White Terror').
Explanation: After retreating to Taiwan in 1949, Chiang Kai-shek's government imposed martial law and initiated the 'White Terror,' a period of severe political repression.
How was Chiang Kai-shek re-elected President of the Republic of China on Taiwan multiple times?
Answer: By the 'Eternal Parliament' (National Assembly).
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek was re-elected President by the National Assembly, referred to as the 'Eternal Parliament,' which comprised members elected prior to the mainland's fall and whose terms were extended indefinitely.
Which of the following was a key policy enacted under Chiang Kai-shek's rule in Taiwan?
Answer: Land reform increasing farmer land ownership.
Explanation: A significant policy enacted under Chiang Kai-shek's rule in Taiwan was land reform, which successfully increased land ownership among the farming population.
What was the 'White Terror' in Taiwan?
Answer: A campaign of mass political repression against perceived opponents.
Explanation: The 'White Terror' in Taiwan refers to a period of extensive political repression and persecution of perceived opponents of the Kuomintang regime, initiated after the Nationalist government's retreat from the mainland.
What conflict arose between Chiang Kai-shek and Li Zongren after the Nationalist retreat to Taiwan?
Answer: Chiang's continued influence undermined Li's authority as acting president.
Explanation: After the retreat to Taiwan, a conflict emerged as Chiang Kai-shek's persistent influence undermined the authority of Li Zongren, who was serving as acting president.
Which of Chiang Kai-shek's anti-corruption campaigns conducted after the retreat to Taiwan are considered successful?
Answer: The Kuomintang Reconstruction (1950-1952) and Governmental Rejuvenation (1969-1973).
Explanation: Anti-corruption campaigns conducted after the retreat to Taiwan, specifically the Kuomintang Reconstruction (1950-1952) and Governmental Rejuvenation (1969-1973), are considered to have achieved some success.
What was the function of the 'Eternal Parliament' during Chiang Kai-shek's presidency on Taiwan?
Answer: To re-elect Chiang Kai-shek as President indefinitely.
Explanation: The 'Eternal Parliament,' referring to the National Assembly members whose terms were extended, served primarily to re-elect Chiang Kai-shek as President, allowing him to remain in power beyond constitutional term limits.
What was the effect of the 'Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist Rebellion' on Chiang's rule in Taiwan?
Answer: They significantly enhanced executive powers, enabling a one-party state.
Explanation: The 'Temporary Provisions' significantly augmented executive powers, allowing Chiang Kai-shek to maintain a one-party state and suppress political opposition under the justification of ongoing conflict with the Communists.
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Chiang Kai-shek's rule in Taiwan?
Answer: Establishment of multi-party democracy immediately after 1949.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek's rule in Taiwan was characterized by martial law, land reform, and economic development, but not the immediate establishment of multi-party democracy.
How did Chiang Kai-shek's government manage Taiwan's economy post-1949?
Answer: By promoting a mixed economy with state and private ownership, focusing on export-oriented growth.
Explanation: Post-1949, Chiang Kai-shek's government managed Taiwan's economy through a mixed system of state and private ownership, emphasizing export-oriented growth and laying the foundation for economic success.
What was the nature of the conflict between Chiang Kai-shek and Li Zongren after the Nationalist retreat to Taiwan?
Answer: Chiang's continued influence undermined Li's authority as acting president.
Explanation: Following the retreat to Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek's persistent influence significantly undermined the authority of Li Zongren, who was serving as acting president, creating political conflict.
Chiang Kai-shek fully trusted both the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, viewing them as key allies.
Answer: False
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek harbored suspicions towards both the United States and the Soviet Union, viewing them as imperialist powers seeking to exploit China, and strategically balanced their influence.
Chiang Kai-shek was known as the 'Green General' in the West due to his environmental policies.
Answer: False
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek was known as the 'Red General' in some Western and Soviet circles due to his early revolutionary associations and cooperation with the Soviets, not the 'Green General' for environmental policies.
The 'New Life Movement' aimed to integrate Western liberal democratic principles into Chinese society.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'New Life Movement' aimed to promote traditional Confucian moral values and personal discipline, integrating elements of nationalism and Christianity, rather than Western liberal democratic principles.
The Blue Shirts Society, sponsored by Chiang, was inspired by the organizational structure of the British Fabian Society.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Blue Shirts Society, sponsored by Chiang Kai-shek, consciously imitated the organizational models of the Italian National Fascist Party and the Nazi Party, not the British Fabian Society.
Chiang Kai-shek was critical of all Western ideas, including scientific advancement and universal education.
Answer: False
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek supported modernization policies such as scientific advancement and universal education, while being critical of certain Western progressive ideologies.
Chiang Kai-shek actively opposed and suppressed Muslim communities and leaders within China.
Answer: False
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek's government developed relationships with prominent Muslim generals, appointing them to high positions and incorporating their armies, rather than actively suppressing them.
How did Chiang Kai-shek view the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War?
Answer: As imperialist powers seeking to exploit China.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek viewed both the United States and the Soviet Union with suspicion, considering them imperialist powers interested in exploiting China, and managed their influence accordingly.
Why might Chiang Kai-shek have been referred to as the 'Red General' in the West and Soviet Union?
Answer: Because of his initial cooperation with the Soviets and revolutionary associations.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek was sometimes referred to as the 'Red General' due to his early revolutionary activities and initial cooperation with the Soviet Union during the formation of the First United Front.
What was the primary goal of the 'New Life Movement' initiated by Chiang Kai-shek?
Answer: To encourage Confucian moral values and personal discipline.
Explanation: The 'New Life Movement' aimed to instill Confucian moral values, personal discipline, and a sense of national identity, blending traditional virtues with modern nationalism.
The Blue Shirts Society, sponsored by Chiang Kai-shek, consciously imitated the organizational models of which foreign political movements?
Answer: The Italian National Fascist Party and the Nazi Party.
Explanation: The Blue Shirts Society, established under Chiang's sponsorship, consciously adopted organizational models from the Italian National Fascist Party and the Nazi Party.
Regarding modernization and Western ideas, Chiang Kai-shek's stance was:
Answer: He supported modernization like science and education but criticized certain Western progressive ideas.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek supported modernization through science and education but was critical of certain Western progressive ideologies, particularly those associated with the May Fourth Movement.
How did Chiang Kai-shek's government handle relations with Muslim communities in China?
Answer: He developed relationships, appointed Muslim generals to high positions, and incorporated their armies.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek's government fostered relationships with Muslim leaders and generals, appointing them to significant positions and integrating their forces into the Nationalist army.
What was Chiang Kai-shek's government's policy towards Tibet?
Answer: Asserting Chinese control and deterring independence.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek's government asserted Chinese control over Tibet and took measures to deter any movements towards independence.
How did Chiang Kai-shek's political philosophy, often termed 'Chiangism', differ from Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People?
Answer: Chiangism emphasized traditional Confucianism and rejected Western liberalism more strongly than Sun's.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek's political philosophy, 'Chiangism,' drew heavily on traditional Confucianism and was more critical of Western liberalism than Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People, which incorporated more Western Enlightenment influences.
The concept of 'Zhonghua Minzu' (Chinese Nation) promoted by Chiang Kai-shek's government included:
Answer: All ethnic groups within China, including minorities, as descendants of the Yellow Emperor.
Explanation: The concept of 'Zhonghua Minzu' (Chinese Nation) promoted by Chiang's government encompassed all ethnic groups within China, positing them as descendants of the Yellow Emperor and part of a single national entity.
What was Chiang Kai-shek's stance on the May Fourth Movement?
Answer: He opposed its iconoclasm and extensive introduction of Western ideas.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek opposed the iconoclasm and the extensive introduction of Western ideas associated with the May Fourth Movement, viewing them as potentially detrimental to Chinese culture and morality.
How did Chiang Kai-shek's government attempt to unify China culturally and linguistically?
Answer: By enforcing the use of Guoyu (Standard Mandarin) and promoting nationalism.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek's government promoted Guoyu (Standard Mandarin) as the national language and fostered nationalism through various media to achieve cultural and linguistic unification.
What was Chiang Kai-shek's perspective on the relationship between China and Japan?
Answer: He viewed Japan as an imperialist power despite having trained in Japanese military schools.
Explanation: Despite his military training in Japan, Chiang Kai-shek viewed Japan as an imperialist power and led China's resistance against its invasion during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
The concept of 'Five Races Under One Union' promoted by Chiang Kai-shek's government aimed to:
Answer: Assert that all major ethnic groups in China were part of a single Chinese nation descended from the Yellow Emperor.
Explanation: The 'Five Races Under One Union' concept aimed to unify China by asserting that all major ethnic groups were part of a single Chinese nation, descended from the Yellow Emperor.
The Republic of China's seat at the United Nations was transferred to the People's Republic of China in 1949.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Republic of China's seat at the United Nations was transferred to the People's Republic of China in 1971, not 1949.
Chiang Kai-shek was succeeded by his nephew, Chiang Ching-kuo, as President of the Republic of China.
Answer: False
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek was succeeded by his son, Chiang Ching-kuo, not his nephew.
Supporters credit Chiang Kai-shek with unifying China through the Northern Expedition, leading the resistance against Japan, and fostering economic development in Taiwan.
Answer: True
Explanation: Supporters of Chiang Kai-shek highlight his role in the Northern Expedition, leadership during the resistance against Japan, and contributions to Taiwan's economic development as key achievements.
Critics praise Chiang Kai-shek for his decisive action against Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931.
Answer: False
Explanation: Critics often fault Chiang Kai-shek for his initial non-confrontational policy towards Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931, rather than praising him for decisive action.
Chiang Kai-shek's legacy is viewed identically and uniformly positively in both mainland China and Taiwan.
Answer: False
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek's legacy is perceived differently across mainland China and Taiwan, with varying degrees of criticism and praise depending on political perspectives and historical interpretations.
In what year did the Republic of China's seat at the United Nations get transferred to the People's Republic of China?
Answer: 1971
Explanation: The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, passed in 1971, recognized the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate representative of China to the United Nations, leading to the transfer of the ROC's seat.
Who succeeded Chiang Kai-shek as leader of the Kuomintang and later as President of the Republic of China?
Answer: Chiang Ching-kuo
Explanation: Upon Chiang Kai-shek's death in 1975, his son, Chiang Ching-kuo, succeeded him as leader of the Kuomintang and subsequently became President of the Republic of China.
Which of the following is cited as a positive aspect of Chiang Kai-shek's legacy?
Answer: His role in leading resistance against Japan.
Explanation: A significant positive aspect cited in Chiang Kai-shek's legacy is his leadership in organizing and directing China's resistance against the Japanese invasion during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Critics often fault Chiang Kai-shek for which action during the Second Sino-Japanese War?
Answer: Authorizing scorched-earth tactics leading to the Yellow River flood.
Explanation: Critics often fault Chiang Kai-shek for authorizing scorched-earth tactics during the Second Sino-Japanese War, which resulted in devastating consequences, including the catastrophic 1938 Yellow River flood.
How is Chiang Kai-shek's legacy generally perceived in mainland China today?
Answer: Subject to some rehabilitation, particularly regarding his role in resisting Japan.
Explanation: In mainland China, Chiang Kai-shek's historical image has undergone some rehabilitation, with recognition given to his role in resisting Japanese aggression, moving beyond purely negative portrayals.
How is Chiang Kai-shek's legacy perceived by DPP voters in Taiwan today?
Answer: Largely unpopular due to criticism of his authoritarian rule and the White Terror.
Explanation: Among DPP voters in Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek's legacy is often viewed negatively due to criticisms of his authoritarian rule and the 'White Terror,' making him less popular than his son, Chiang Ching-kuo.
The 'Four Families' associated with Chiang's government were criticized for:
Answer: Engaging in widespread corruption and monopolizing the regime ('bureaucratic capitalism').
Explanation: The 'Four Families' associated with Chiang's government faced criticism for engaging in 'bureaucratic capitalism,' which involved monopolizing economic power and widespread corruption.
Chiang Kai-shek died in Taipei on April 5th of which year?
Answer: 1975
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek passed away in Taipei on April 5, 1975.
What is the significance of the National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall in Taipei?
Answer: It is a major tourist attraction and symbol of Chiang's legacy.
Explanation: The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall in Taipei is a prominent landmark and tourist attraction, serving as a significant symbol commemorating Chiang Kai-shek's legacy.
How did Chiang Kai-shek's governance style differ from that of his son, Chiang Ching-kuo?
Answer: Chiang Kai-shek focused on reclaiming the mainland, while Chiang Ching-kuo initiated democratization reforms in Taiwan.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek's governance was characterized by a focus on reclaiming the mainland and authoritarian rule, whereas his son, Chiang Ching-kuo, initiated significant democratization reforms in Taiwan.
The 'cult of personality' surrounding Chiang Kai-shek involved:
Answer: Promoting his image as a simple, humble leader through various media.
Explanation: The 'cult of personality' surrounding Chiang Kai-shek involved promoting his image through various media, often portraying him as a simple and humble leader.
Chiang Kai-shek converted to Methodism solely for political expediency after marrying Soong Mei-ling.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Chiang Kai-shek converted to Methodism upon marrying Soong Mei-ling, historical analysis suggests his faith may have been sincere and reinforced his moral teachings, not solely for political expediency.
Chiang Kai-shek's conversion to Christianity is closely linked to which event?
Answer: His marriage to Soong Mei-ling.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek's conversion to Christianity is closely associated with his marriage to Soong Mei-ling in 1927, as he reportedly promised to uphold Christian values.
How did Chiang Kai-shek's relationship with his wives, particularly Soong Mei-ling, influence his career?
Answer: Soong Mei-ling was a significant political figure and advocate, influencing his public image and potentially his personal faith.
Explanation: Chiang Kai-shek's marriage to Soong Mei-ling significantly influenced his career; she was a prominent political figure who impacted his public image and possibly his religious convictions.