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Study Guide: CPRE: The Campaign for the Protection of Rural England

Cheat Sheet:
CPRE: The Campaign for the Protection of Rural England Study Guide

Origins and Foundation (1926-1949)

The organization that preceded the current CPRE was formally known as the Council for the Preservation of Rural England.

Answer: True

Explanation: CPRE succeeded the Council for the Preservation of Rural England, which was established in 1926.

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CPRE was established in 1926, with Sir Patrick Abercrombie serving as its founder and author of its foundational publication.

Answer: True

Explanation: Sir Patrick Abercrombie founded CPRE in 1926 and also authored the influential publication that underpinned its establishment.

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CPRE's foundational objectives were primarily focused on mitigating industrial pollution and deforestation.

Answer: False

Explanation: CPRE was originally established to address issues of uncontrolled development, specifically urban sprawl and ribbon development, rather than industrial pollution or deforestation.

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The seminal publication by Sir Patrick Abercrombie that influenced CPRE's establishment was titled 'Rural England: A National Asset'.

Answer: False

Explanation: Sir Patrick Abercrombie's influential publication related to CPRE's founding was titled 'The Preservation of Rural England'.

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Neville Chamberlain, who would later become Prime Minister, delivered remarks at CPRE's inaugural meeting.

Answer: True

Explanation: Neville Chamberlain, a future Prime Minister, addressed CPRE's first meeting, highlighting the significance of the organization's inception.

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The National Trust was the only other organization involved in CPRE's formation, besides CPRE itself.

Answer: False

Explanation: While the National Trust was involved, the formation of CPRE also included the Women's Institute and the Commons Preservation Society.

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The initial campaigns undertaken by CPRE concentrated on the establishment of national parks and the prevention of urban sprawl.

Answer: True

Explanation: Early CPRE efforts were instrumental in advocating for the creation of national parks and implementing measures to curb urban sprawl.

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CPRE's advocacy efforts significantly influenced the passage of the Town and Country Planning Act of 1947 and the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act of 1949.

Answer: True

Explanation: The organization's campaigning played a crucial role in shaping key post-war legislation, including the Town and Country Planning Act of 1947 and the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act of 1949.

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Sir Guy Dawber held the inaugural position of President of CPRE upon its founding.

Answer: True

Explanation: Sir Guy Dawber was appointed as the first President of CPRE at the time of its establishment.

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Identify the organization that served as the direct predecessor to the current CPRE.

Answer: Council for the Preservation of Rural England

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Identify the year of CPRE's establishment and the principal individual credited with its founding.

Answer: 1926 by Sir Patrick Abercrombie

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What were the principal forms of uncontrolled development that CPRE was established to counteract?

Answer: Urban sprawl and ribbon development

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What was the title of the publication authored by Sir Patrick Abercrombie that served as an inspiration for CPRE's establishment?

Answer: The Preservation of Rural England

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Identify the future United Kingdom Prime Minister who addressed CPRE's inaugural meeting.

Answer: Neville Chamberlain

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In addition to the National Trust and the Women's Institute, which other organization participated in the formation of CPRE?

Answer: The Commons Preservation Society

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Which of the following was explicitly NOT among the primary objectives of CPRE's early campaigns?

Answer: Promoting industrial development in rural areas

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CPRE's advocacy efforts were instrumental in influencing which significant piece of legislation enacted in 1949?

Answer: The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act

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Who held the position of the first President of CPRE at the time of its establishment in 1926?

Answer: Sir Guy Dawber

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Mission and Core Objectives

CPRE's primary mission involves advocating for the expansion of urban sprawl into undeveloped rural areas.

Answer: False

Explanation: CPRE's core mission is to campaign for a sustainable future for the English countryside, actively opposing detrimental development such as urban sprawl.

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Articulate the fundamental charitable objective of CPRE.

Answer: To campaign for the sustainable future of the English countryside.

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Key Campaigns and Policy Focus

CPRE's tranquillity maps, introduced in 1995, were designed to quantify noise levels generated by vehicular traffic.

Answer: False

Explanation: CPRE's tranquillity maps, first published in 1995, assessed areas free from man-made noise, visual intrusion, and light pollution, not solely traffic noise.

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The Star Count campaign engages the public in counting stars as a method to address and measure light pollution.

Answer: True

Explanation: Launched in 2013, the Star Count campaign utilizes public participation in counting stars to map light pollution levels and raise awareness.

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CPRE's strategy for reducing light pollution primarily involves advocating for the installation of more numerous and brighter streetlights.

Answer: False

Explanation: CPRE advocates for reducing light pollution by encouraging councils to adjust existing street lighting, not by installing more.

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The 'What gets built where' campaign spearheaded by CPRE aims to reduce the prevalence of advertising hoardings and billboards.

Answer: True

Explanation: This campaign focuses on influencing development plans and reducing visual clutter, including unnecessary road signs and advertising billboards.

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CPRE generally advocates for prioritizing new developments on greenfield sites in preference to brownfield sites.

Answer: False

Explanation: CPRE's policy advocates for the development of brownfield land to protect undeveloped countryside, rather than prioritizing greenfield sites.

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CPRE actively engages in campaigning for the preservation of Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs).

Answer: True

Explanation: The protection of designated landscapes, including AONBs, is a significant focus of CPRE's advocacy work.

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CPRE endorses surface or opencast mining as a critical component of its strategy to address the climate emergency.

Answer: False

Explanation: CPRE campaigns against surface or opencast mining as part of its efforts to address the climate emergency and protect the environment.

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CPRE has formally challenged the proposed plans for the High Speed 2 (HS2) rail project.

Answer: True

Explanation: CPRE has been involved in challenging significant infrastructure projects, including the HS2 rail project.

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CPRE's 'Mapping Local Food Webs' project concentrated on analyzing national food distribution networks.

Answer: False

Explanation: The 'Mapping Local Food Webs' project, undertaken by CPRE, focused on local food businesses and supply chains, not national distribution chains.

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As of 2022, CPRE categorizes its primary campaign efforts under the headings of Dark Skies, Hedgerows, What gets built where, and the Climate Emergency.

Answer: True

Explanation: This categorization reflects the main strategic areas of CPRE's advocacy work in recent years.

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A 2020 report published by CPRE indicated that sufficient brownfield land exists to accommodate over 1.3 million new housing units.

Answer: True

Explanation: The report highlighted the significant potential of brownfield sites for development, estimating capacity for over 1.3 million homes.

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CPRE's 'tranquillity maps' were developed to identify areas characterized by an absence of what specific types of intrusion?

Answer: Man-made noise, visual intrusion, and light pollution

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What is the principal objective of CPRE's 'Star Count' campaign, part of the Dark Skies initiative?

Answer: To map light pollution levels across the UK.

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CPRE's 'What gets built where' campaign seeks to influence development plans and reduce visual clutter, particularly from elements such as:

Answer: Road signs and advertising billboards

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What is CPRE's general policy regarding the location of new developments?

Answer: Encourage development on brownfield land to protect undeveloped countryside.

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CPRE actively campaigns for the preservation of which specific category of protected landscape?

Answer: Green Belts

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Within its 'Climate Emergency' framework, CPRE actively campaigns against which specific form of mining?

Answer: Surface or opencast mining

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Identify a major transport infrastructure project that CPRE has formally challenged.

Answer: The HS2 rail project

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CPRE's 'Mapping Local Food Webs' project, conducted between 2007 and 2012, primarily focused on what aspect of food systems?

Answer: Local food businesses and supply chains

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As of 2022, which of the following is NOT identified as one of CPRE's main campaign categories?

Answer: Renewable Energy

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What significant finding regarding the potential of brownfield land was highlighted in a 2020 CPRE report?

Answer: There is enough capacity for 1.3 million homes, with many already permitted.

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Organizational Structure and Operations

The principal national headquarters of CPRE is situated in Manchester.

Answer: False

Explanation: The primary national headquarters of CPRE is located in London, not Manchester.

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CPRE Peak District & South Yorkshire maintained a singular organizational identity until the year 2006.

Answer: False

Explanation: In 2006, CPRE Peak District & South Yorkshire operated under two distinct identities to clarify its presence in different geographical areas.

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CPRE's operational structure is confined exclusively to its national office located in London.

Answer: False

Explanation: CPRE operates through a national office in London, as well as regional offices and numerous county branches across England.

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The majority of CPRE's local branches function as legally recognized subsidiaries of the national CPRE organization.

Answer: False

Explanation: Most CPRE branches operate as independent charities, with only a few exceptions being subsidiaries of the national organization.

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Members of CPRE receive a quarterly publication entitled 'Countryside Voices'.

Answer: True

Explanation: 'Countryside Voices' is the quarterly magazine distributed to CPRE members.

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CPRE participated in the 10:10 project, achieving a 12% reduction in its carbon emissions within a single year.

Answer: True

Explanation: By joining the 10:10 initiative, CPRE demonstrated its commitment to environmental targets, successfully reducing its carbon footprint by 12% in one year.

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Ascertain the location of CPRE's national headquarters.

Answer: 15-21 Provost St, London N1 7NH

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Describe the geographical structure of CPRE's operations.

Answer: A national office, regional offices, and county branches.

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What is the predominant legal status of CPRE's local branches in relation to the national organization?

Answer: They operate as independent charities.

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What is the title of the quarterly publication received by CPRE members?

Answer: Countryside Voices

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How did CPRE demonstrate its commitment during its participation in the 10:10 project?

Answer: By achieving a 12% reduction in its carbon emissions within one year.

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Leadership and Governance

The current Patron of CPRE is identified as Prince William.

Answer: False

Explanation: The current Patron of CPRE is His Majesty King Charles III, not Prince William.

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Mary-Ann Ochota holds the position of President within CPRE.

Answer: True

Explanation: Mary-Ann Ochota currently serves as the President of CPRE.

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Roger Mortlock currently holds the office of Chief Executive of CPRE.

Answer: True

Explanation: Roger Mortlock serves as the current Chief Executive of CPRE.

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Simon Murray currently serves as the Chair of CPRE.

Answer: True

Explanation: Simon Murray holds the position of Chair for the organization.

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Bill Bryson is among the notable individuals who have held the position of CPRE President since 1973.

Answer: True

Explanation: The role of CPRE President has been held by several notable figures since 1973, including Bill Bryson.

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Identify the individual currently holding the honorary position of Patron for CPRE.

Answer: Charles III

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Identify the individual currently serving as the Chief Executive of CPRE.

Answer: Roger Mortlock

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Identify the individual currently serving as the Chair of CPRE.

Answer: Simon Murray

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Historical Evolution and Impact (Post-1949)

During the Second World War, government ministries were mandated to consult CPRE concerning the allocation of rural land for military objectives.

Answer: True

Explanation: The role of CPRE expanded during WWII, requiring government ministries to consult the organization regarding the use of rural land for military purposes.

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CPRE successfully advocated for the M1 motorway to traverse directly through Charnwood Forest.

Answer: False

Explanation: CPRE's advocacy regarding the M1 motorway aimed to protect Charnwood Forest; the road was ultimately built in a cutting to minimize its impact on the landscape.

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During the period of 1961 to 1980, CPRE focused its attention on environmental concerns such as the persistence of indestructible plastics and the decline of hedgerows.

Answer: True

Explanation: This era saw CPRE actively addressing issues including the environmental impact of plastics and campaigning for the preservation of vital hedgerow ecosystems.

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In 1985, CPRE facilitated the implementation of agricultural subsidies that promoted environmentally damaging farming methods.

Answer: False

Explanation: In 1985, CPRE played a role in reforming agricultural subsidies, shifting funding away from damaging practices towards environmental stewardship.

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A two-decade campaign by CPRE preceded the enactment of legislation protecting hedgerows in 1997.

Answer: True

Explanation: CPRE's sustained advocacy over twenty years was crucial in achieving the legislative protection for hedgerows enacted in 1997.

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Describe the evolution of CPRE's role concerning land use during the Second World War.

Answer: Government ministries had to consult CPRE on proposed military land use.

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What was CPRE's influence on the routing of the M1 motorway in relation to Charnwood Forest?

Answer: They campaigned for the motorway to be built in a cutting to preserve the landscape.

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Beyond the issue of hedgerows, what other environmental concern was a significant focus for CPRE between 1961 and 1980?

Answer: Indestructible plastics

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What significant reform in agricultural policy did CPRE help facilitate in 1985?

Answer: Securing the first green farm payments and stopping funding for damaging activities.

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Public Engagement and Critiques

CPRE reports a membership and supporter base that numbers over 40,000 individuals.

Answer: True

Explanation: The organization's reach is substantial, with a membership and supporter base exceeding 40,000 individuals.

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The CPRE Members Guide serves to promote various rural attractions, including gardens and museums.

Answer: True

Explanation: The guide highlights numerous rural attractions, encouraging members to engage with and support these sites.

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CPRE has faced criticism for fostering a 'drawbridge mentality,' suggesting an unwelcoming stance towards individuals moving into rural areas.

Answer: True

Explanation: This criticism implies that some established rural residents, or those who have recently moved, may resist further settlement or development, a stance sometimes attributed to CPRE's advocacy.

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CPRE counters accusations of exclusionary planning practices by advocating for the increased development of luxury housing in rural locales.

Answer: False

Explanation: CPRE contends that rural areas require genuinely affordable housing and low-cost rental accommodation, rather than luxury developments, to address housing needs.

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George Monbiot critiqued CPRE for its opposition to wind farms while maintaining neutrality regarding surface coal mining operations.

Answer: True

Explanation: Monbiot's critique highlighted a perceived inconsistency in CPRE's environmental stance, questioning the prioritization of opposing wind farms over opposing surface coal mining.

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The YIMBY (Yes In My Backyard) movement criticizes CPRE, asserting that its defense of the Green Belt exacerbates the British housing crisis.

Answer: True

Explanation: This criticism suggests that CPRE's focus on preserving the Green Belt contributes to housing shortages and affordability issues.

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CPRE challenges official government housing statistics by arguing they are frequently based on aspiration rather than demonstrable, observed need.

Answer: False

Explanation: CPRE argues that government housing statistics are often based on aspiration rather than demonstrated need, a point of contention in housing policy debates.

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In 2024, a local authority criticized CPRE Hertfordshire concerning the accuracy of information presented in its analysis of a draft Local Plan.

Answer: True

Explanation: In 2024, a Hertfordshire local authority criticized CPRE Hertfordshire regarding the accuracy of information presented in its analysis of a draft Local Plan, suggesting potential misinformation could impede residents' responses.

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What specific criticism has been directed at CPRE concerning its position on rural housing and the Green Belt?

Answer: That it denies the housing crisis and hinders affordable housing by defending the Green Belt.

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By what method does CPRE challenge official government statistics concerning housing needs?

Answer: By arguing the statistics are based on aspiration, not observed need.

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What specific criticism was leveled against CPRE Hertfordshire by a local authority in 2024?

Answer: For the accuracy of information in its analysis of the draft Local Plan.

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Identification and Official Details

The designation 'Campaign to Protect Rural England' represents the current, full official name of the organization.

Answer: False

Explanation: While 'Campaign to Protect Rural England' was a former name, the organization's current, official designation is 'CPRE, The Countryside Charity'.

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The registered charity number for CPRE in England is 1089685.

Answer: True

Explanation: CPRE is a registered charity in England, and its official registration number is 1089685.

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The Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales operates entirely independently and has no thematic connection to CPRE's mission.

Answer: False

Explanation: While distinct organizations, the Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales shares a similar mission focused on the protection of the countryside, indicating a related purpose.

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The official website for CPRE is www.cpre.org.

Answer: False

Explanation: The official website address for CPRE is www.cpre.org.uk, not www.cpre.org.

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What is the current, comprehensive official designation of the organization commonly referred to as CPRE?

Answer: CPRE, The Countryside Charity

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What is the official website domain for CPRE, The Countryside Charity?

Answer: www.cpre.org.uk

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