Explanation: Cyril of Alexandria held the position of Patriarch of Alexandria for a significant period, spanning from 412 to 444 AD, encompassing over thirty years of service.

Explanation: Cyril of Alexandria was born in Didouseya, Province of Egypt, not Constantinople, and received his foundational education within Egypt.

Explanation: Cyril's enthronement as Patriarch of Alexandria in 412 AD was marked by a riot between his supporters and those of his rival, Archdeacon Timotheus, indicating significant opposition and unrest.

Explanation: Cyril's maternal uncle, Theophilus, served as the Patriarch of Alexandria prior to Cyril's own succession to the patriarchal office.

Explanation: The Synod of the Oak in 403 AD, which Cyril attended with his uncle Theophilus, resulted in the deposition of John Chrysostom, not Cyril of Alexandria.

Explanation: Upon the death of his uncle Theophilus, Cyril was appointed as the Patriarch of Alexandria, continuing the lineage of leadership within the Alexandrian see.

Explanation: Cyril of Alexandria was a significant figure in the early Church, serving as Patriarch of Alexandria from 412 to 444 AD and recognized as a Church Father and Doctor of the Church.

Explanation: Cyril of Alexandria was born in Didouseya, located within the Province of Egypt.

Explanation: In 403 AD, Cyril accompanied his uncle, Theophilus, to the Synod of the Oak in Constantinople, an event notable for the deposition of John Chrysostom.

Explanation: Cyril became Patriarch of Alexandria following the death of his uncle Theophilus on October 15, 412 AD, succeeding him in the office.

Explanation: The Synod of the Oak, which Cyril attended with his uncle Theophilus, resulted in the deposition of John Chrysostom from his position as Archbishop of Constantinople.

Explanation: Cyril's tenure as Patriarch coincided with a period of significant turmoil and frequent violent conflict within Alexandria among its diverse religious and ethnic communities.

Explanation: Upon assuming the patriarchate, Cyril asserted his authority by closing the churches belonging to the Novatianists and confiscating their sacred liturgical items.

Explanation: Orestes, the Augustal Prefect of Egypt, consistently resisted Cyril's attempts to extend ecclesiastical jurisdiction into secular affairs, leading to a notable dispute between them.

Explanation: Tensions escalated when Orestes publicly tortured Hierax, a Christian lector, after Hierax's actions were perceived as inciting a disturbance, which Cyril viewed as a direct challenge to his authority.

Explanation: In response to an attack by the Jewish community on Christians, Cyril initiated a search that resulted in the banishment of the Jewish population from Alexandria and the seizure of their property.

Explanation: The Parabalani were monks from the desert who instigated riots against Orestes and were generally aligned with Cyril's faction, not supporters of Orestes.

Explanation: Hypatia was a prominent Hellenistic philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician, not a Christian, and while influential, she primarily supported Prefect Orestes, not Cyril.

Explanation: Hypatia met her violent end in March 415 AD, a period that coincided with the Christian observance of Lent.

Explanation: The historian Damascius, a Neoplatonist, directly attributed the instigation of Hypatia's murder to Bishop Cyril and his adherents.

Explanation: The dispute between Cyril and Orestes was significantly exacerbated by Orestes's public punishment of Hierax, a Christian lector, which Cyril interpreted as a personal affront.

Explanation: The Parabalani monks played a role in escalating the conflict between Cyril and Orestes, notably by instigating riots and engaging in actions that further polarized the situation.

Explanation: Alexandria during Cyril's patriarchate was a cosmopolitan center marked by significant turmoil and frequent violent conflicts among its diverse religious and ethnic populations.

Explanation: Orestes served as the Augustal Prefect of Egypt and was in frequent conflict with Cyril over the extent of ecclesiastical authority in secular matters.

Explanation: Orestes's public torture of Hierax, a Christian lector, significantly escalated tensions with Cyril, who viewed the act as a direct challenge to his authority.

Explanation: After an attack by the Jewish community on Christians, Cyril led a search that resulted in the banishment of the Jews from Alexandria and the confiscation of their property.

Explanation: The Parabalani, a group of monks, were involved in the conflicts, notably instigating riots against Orestes and aligning with Cyril's faction.

Explanation: Hypatia was a renowned Hellenistic philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who held significant influence in Alexandria.

Explanation: In March 415 AD, during Lent, Hypatia was brutally murdered by a mob of Christians in Alexandria.

Explanation: The central disagreement between Cyril and Nestorius was not calendrical but Christological, focusing on the nature of Christ's divine and human union.

Explanation: Nestorius argued against the title "Theotokos" for Mary, preferring "Christotokos" (Christ-bearer), as he believed it better reflected his Christological views.

Explanation: Cyril vigorously defended the title "Theotokos" for Mary, viewing it as essential for affirming the orthodox understanding of the Incarnation.

Explanation: The Council of Ephesus convened in 431 AD formally condemned Nestorius for heresy, leading to his deposition from the Patriarchate of Constantinople and subsequent exile.

Explanation: Cyril's staunch defense of "Theotokos" significantly influenced the trajectory of Marian theology and devotion, establishing a foundational element for later Christian understanding of Mary's role.

Explanation: Cyril's "12 Anathemas" were formulated as condemnations directed against Nestorius's theological positions, particularly his rejection of the title "Theotokos."

Explanation: Cyril accused Nestorius of teaching a Christology that was too dichotomous, creating an excessive separation between Christ's divine and human natures, not one that blurred the distinction.

Explanation: Nestorius preferred the title "Christotokos," which means "Christ-bearer," not "God-bearer." He used this term to distinguish his view from "Theotokos."

Explanation: While Cyril's defense of Mary's title "Theotokos" contributed to Marian theology, its primary purpose was to support his Christological framework and refute Nestorius's opposing views.

Explanation: Nestorius's supporters, led by John of Antioch, convened their own council following the Council of Ephesus and condemned Cyril for heresy, rather than agreeing with Ephesus's condemnation of Nestorius.

Explanation: Following his deposition, Cyril reportedly engaged in bribery of imperial officials and mobilized popular support to influence Emperor Theodosius II, ultimately leading to the annulment of the council's verdict against him.

Explanation: Cyril employed various metaphors, including "container of the uncontained," to articulate Mary's unique role and sacred status in relation to the Incarnation.

Explanation: Cyril's defense of "Theotokos" was primarily aimed at safeguarding his Christological understanding and refuting Nestorius, rather than elevating Mary's status above Christ.

Explanation: The "Formula of Reunion" was drafted with the specific objective of reconciling Cyril of Alexandria and John of Antioch by addressing and bridging their theological divergences.

Explanation: The Council of Ephesus condemned Nestorius, not Cyril. Cyril presided over the council and was instrumental in Nestorius's deposition.

Explanation: By defending the title "Theotokos," Cyril reinforced the orthodox doctrine that the divine Logos truly became incarnate, uniting divinity and humanity in one person.

Explanation: The "Formula of Reunion" was specifically designed to facilitate reconciliation between Cyril of Alexandria and John of Antioch by addressing and bridging their theological disagreements.

Explanation: The deposition and exile of Nestorius were directly caused by the proceedings and condemnations of the Council of Ephesus in 431 AD, which addressed his Christological views.

Explanation: While Cyril's defense of Mary's title "Theotokos" contributed to Marian theology, its principal aim was to bolster his Christological framework and counter Nestorius's heterodox views.

Explanation: The core theological dispute between Cyril and Nestorius centered on Christology, specifically how to articulate the union of Christ's divine and human natures.

Explanation: "Christotokos" translates to "Christ-bearer," while "Theotokos" means "God-bearer," reflecting Nestorius's preference for the former and Cyril's defense of the latter.

Explanation: The Council of Ephesus in 431 AD concluded with the deposition and exile of Nestorius, who was condemned for heresy.

Explanation: Cyril's vigorous defense of "Theotokos" profoundly shaped later theological understanding and devotion concerning Mary, establishing a key element of Marian theology.

Explanation: Cyril characterized Nestorius's Christology as 'dichotomous,' implying an excessive separation between the divine and human natures of Christ.

Explanation: Cyril's "12 Anathemas" served to condemn Nestorius's views by declaring that the refusal to use the title "Theotokos" for Mary constituted heresy.

Explanation: Nestorius preferred the title "Christotokos," which translates to "Christ-bearer," over "Theotokos" ("God-bearer").

Explanation: Cyril's arguments concerning Mary, particularly the title "Theotokos," were primarily aimed at reinforcing his Christological understanding and countering Nestorius's theological positions.

Explanation: Eusebius of Dorylaeum accused Nestorius of espousing adoptionism, a doctrine suggesting Jesus was a human adopted by God, rather than God incarnate.

Explanation: Following his deposition, Cyril reportedly regained his position by influencing imperial courtiers and Emperor Theodosius II, leading to the annulment of the council's verdict against him.

Explanation: Cyril's arguments concerning Mary were primarily focused on supporting his Christological framework and refuting the theological positions of Nestorius.

Explanation: Cyril articulated a Christology emphasizing the unity of Christ's divine and human aspects, often summarized by the miaphysite concept of 'one physis of the Word of God made flesh,' rather than two separate natures.

Explanation: Cyril developed a Paschal table around 425 AD that utilized a 19-year lunar cycle, a method based on the Metonic cycle that proved influential for subsequent Easter calculations.

Explanation: Cyril's theology posited that the divine power inherent in Christ's Incarnation could reconstitute human nature, enabling believers to attain a state of deification and immortality.

Explanation: The term "miaphysite" refers to a theological stance that emphasizes the unified nature of Christ, specifically the concept of 'one physis (nature) of the Word of God made flesh,' rather than the separation of divine and human natures.

Explanation: Cyril's "Commentary on the Gospel of John" is regarded as a major contribution to patristic literature, offering profound theological insights into Christology and the Incarnation.

Explanation: Cyril asserted that the divine Logos, upon Incarnation, was capable of suffering in the flesh, a position directly contrary to Nestorius's view that the Logos remained impassable.

Explanation: While Cyril's teaching of "one physis of the Word of God made flesh" is associated with the miaphysite label, the description "united by will" is not the primary characteristic; rather, it signifies an indivisible union of natures.

Explanation: Cyril's "Commentary on the Gospel of John" is recognized as a significant work that provides deep theological insights, solidifying its place as a major contribution to patristic literature and Christian theology.

Explanation: Cyril's extensive literary output included commentaries on various biblical texts, such as the Old Testament and the Gospel of John, as well as polemical works like his discourses against the Arians.

Explanation: Cyril's articulation of 'one physis of the Word of God made flesh' is the basis for his theological position being labeled miaphysite, emphasizing the unified nature of the Incarnate Christ.

Explanation: Cyril's concept of deification through Christ's power suggests that the Incarnation provided believers with the means for transformation and the promise of immortality.

Explanation: Cyril's doctrine on the Incarnation is characterized by the miaphysite concept, which posits 'one nature united out of two,' emphasizing the indivisible union of Christ's divine and human aspects.

Explanation: While Cyril authored commentaries, discourses, and letters, the Nicene Creed is a foundational creed of early Christianity, not a work attributed to Cyril himself.

Explanation: Cyril adopted a 19-year lunar cycle, derived from the Metonic cycle, for his Paschal table, contributing significantly to the calculation of the Easter date.

Explanation: Cyril taught that the divine power of Christ enabled believers to achieve deification, implying a transformation and promise of immortality.

Explanation: Cyril's "Commentary on the Gospel of John" is recognized as a significant work that greatly enriched patristic literature and Christian theology.

Explanation: Cyril's theological disputes with Nestorius were deeply intertwined with political considerations, as Cyril framed Nestorius's views as a threat to both the church and the stability of the empire.

Explanation: Cyril strategically framed Nestorius's theological positions as detrimental to both the church and the empire, thereby leveraging doctrinal disputes for political discreditation.

Explanation: A key element in the rivalry between Alexandria and Constantinople was the Third Canon of the Council of Constantinople, which elevated Constantinople's status and primacy over Alexandria.

Explanation: The rivalry between Alexandria and Constantinople stemmed from the Third Canon of the Council of Constantinople, which granted Constantinople primacy over Alexandria, challenging the latter's long-standing status.

Explanation: Cyril politically framed Nestorius's theological positions as subversive, arguing they undermined the stability of both the church and the empire.

Explanation: The conflict between Alexandria and Antioch was primarily a struggle for ecclesiastical dominance, exacerbated by Constantinople's elevation in status by a church canon.

Explanation: The conflict between Alexandria and Constantinople was rooted in the historical context where Constantinople gained primacy over Alexandria through a church canon, altering the ecclesiastical hierarchy.

Explanation: While June 27th is a commemoration day for Cyril in some traditions (Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican), the Eastern Orthodox Church primarily commemorates him on June 9th and January 18th.

Explanation: Cyril of Alexandria is widely recognized within Christian tradition for his significant theological contributions, earning him the esteemed titles "Pillar of Faith" and "Seal of all the Fathers."

Explanation: The Second Council of Constantinople, held in 553 AD, affirmed the orthodoxy of Cyril's theological positions, recognizing him as a proponent of the "right faith of Christians."

Explanation: The Catholic Church officially recognizes Cyril of Alexandria as a Doctor of the Church, acknowledging the profound impact of his theological writings and contributions.

Explanation: The theological works and writings of Cyril of Alexandria continue to hold a central and influential position within the tradition of Orthodox Christianity.

Explanation: Cyril of Alexandria was born around 376 AD and died in 444 AD, making him approximately 67-68 years old at the time of his death, not 50.

Explanation: The Eastern Orthodox Church commemorates Cyril of Alexandria on two feast days: June 9th and January 18th.

Explanation: The Second Council of Constantinople in 553 AD acknowledged Cyril's teachings, stating that he "announced the right faith of Christians."

Explanation: Cyril of Alexandria is honored with the title "Pillar of Faith" due to his significant contributions to Christian theology and doctrine.

Explanation: The writings of Cyril of Alexandria continue to be central and highly influential within the tradition of Eastern Orthodoxy.

Explanation: Cyril's writings and theological arguments were highly influential during the critical period of the Christological controversies in the 4th and 5th centuries.