Enter a player name to begin or load your saved progress.
The literal translation of the Latin phrase 'de facto' is 'by law'.
Answer: False
Explanation: The literal translation of the Latin phrase 'de facto' is 'from fact,' signifying existence in reality rather than by law.
'De facto' describes a situation that exists in reality, whereas 'de jure' refers to something legally established.
Answer: True
Explanation: This accurately distinguishes 'de facto,' denoting actual existence, from 'de jure,' signifying legal establishment or recognition.
In common usage, 'de facto' emphasizes what is prescribed by law rather than what is actually happening.
Answer: False
Explanation: Common usage of 'de facto' emphasizes what exists in reality or practice, contrasting with what is legally prescribed.
What is the literal translation of the Latin phrase 'de facto'?
Answer: From fact
Explanation: The literal translation of 'de facto' from Latin is 'from fact,' indicating something that exists in reality.
Which of the following best describes the contrast between 'de facto' and 'de jure'?
Answer: 'De facto' describes what exists in reality, while 'de jure' refers to what is legally recognized.
Explanation: This option accurately captures the fundamental distinction: 'de facto' pertains to actual existence, whereas 'de jure' pertains to legal establishment.
In common usage, what does 'de facto' primarily highlight?
Answer: What is actually happening in practice
Explanation: In common parlance, 'de facto' emphasizes the reality of a situation or practice, as opposed to its legal or formal status.
A 'de facto law' is always explicitly enumerated by a formal legal statute.
Answer: False
Explanation: A 'de facto law' operates in practice without formal statutory enumeration, distinguishing it from a 'de jure' law.
A 'de facto life sentence' is a legally designated sentence that lasts for the entirety of a person's life.
Answer: False
Explanation: A 'de facto life sentence' is one that, due to its extreme length, effectively functions as a life sentence in practice, even if not formally designated as such.
The 'doctrine of the de facto governments' in Argentina held that actions of illegitimate governments were automatically void.
Answer: False
Explanation: The doctrine stipulated that actions of de facto governments remained binding unless explicitly revoked by a subsequent legitimate government.
The 1994 Argentine constitutional reform declared acts interrupting the institutional order as permanently valid.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1994 reform declared such acts irreparably null and subject to severe penalties.
A 'de facto state of war' implies that military conflict exists in practice, even without a formal declaration of war.
Answer: True
Explanation: This term accurately describes a condition of active military conflict occurring without a formal declaration of war.
A de facto law might be followed in another jurisdiction due to the economic influence of the originating jurisdiction.
Answer: True
Explanation: Economic influence can indeed lead to the adoption of a de facto law or regulation in jurisdictions where it lacks formal legal standing.
According to jurisprudence, what defines a 'de facto law'?
Answer: A law that is followed in practice but not explicitly enumerated by formal law.
Explanation: Jurisprudence defines a 'de facto law' as one that operates in practice without formal legal codification, contrasting with 'de jure' law.
What is the defining characteristic of a 'de facto life sentence'?
Answer: It is a sentence so lengthy that it effectively functions as a life sentence in practice.
Explanation: A 'de facto life sentence' is characterized by its practical effect of lasting for the remainder of an individual's life, regardless of formal designation.
What was the core principle of the 'doctrine of the de facto governments' in Argentina?
Answer: Actions of de facto governments remained binding unless explicitly revoked by a subsequent legitimate government.
Explanation: This doctrine established the continuity of legal effects from de facto regimes, a principle later overturned.
What does the 1994 Argentine constitutional reform declare about acts interrupting the institutional order?
Answer: They are irreparably null and their authors face severe penalties.
Explanation: The reform unequivocally declared such acts null and void, imposing penalties on their perpetrators.
What does the term 'de facto state of war' signify?
Answer: A situation where active military conflict exists without a formal declaration of war.
Explanation: A 'de facto state of war' denotes actual hostilities occurring in the absence of a formal declaration.
Organizations might comply with a 'de facto' regulation solely to avoid legal penalties.
Answer: False
Explanation: Organizations often comply with de facto regulations for efficiency, market access, or standardization, not solely to avoid penalties, though that can be a factor.
A 'de facto standard' in technical contexts achieves dominance through formal standardization processes and official approval.
Answer: False
Explanation: A 'de facto standard' emerges through widespread adoption and market dominance, not formal standardization processes.
In the social sciences, a de facto standard can emerge as a practical solution to coordination problems.
Answer: True
Explanation: De facto standards frequently arise as practical solutions to coordination challenges, facilitating interaction and consensus in various social contexts.
Australia, Japan, Mexico, and the United Kingdom are examples of countries with a de jure national language but no de facto national language.
Answer: False
Explanation: These nations are cited as examples possessing a de facto national language without a formal de jure designation.
A country cannot simultaneously possess both de facto and de jure national languages.
Answer: False
Explanation: It is possible for a country to have both de jure (legally recognized) and de facto (practically used) national languages.
The Russian language was officially declared the de jure state language of the Soviet Union in the early 1980s.
Answer: False
Explanation: Russian functioned as the de facto official language of the Soviet Union, but was only declared de jure in 1990.
In Hong Kong and Macau, Cantonese is legally defined as the official spoken and written standard Chinese variety.
Answer: False
Explanation: Neither Hong Kong nor Macau legally defines a specific variety of Chinese as official; Cantonese functions as the de facto standard.
The de facto boundaries of a country are determined by its legally established borders on official maps.
Answer: False
Explanation: De facto boundaries reflect the practical extent of a government's enforceable control, which may diverge from legally established borders.
The Durand Line is given as an example of a de facto boundary that is recognized and enforced in practice.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Durand Line serves as an illustration of a de facto boundary, recognized and enforced in practice despite potential ambiguities in its legal status.
De facto segregation in the US was primarily enforced through explicit 'Jim Crow' laws.
Answer: False
Explanation: De facto segregation arose from social and economic factors, distinct from the legally mandated de jure segregation enforced by 'Jim Crow' laws.
A 'de facto monopoly' exists when only one company is legally permitted to operate in a market.
Answer: False
Explanation: A 'de facto monopoly' arises from market dominance that prevents competition, regardless of legal permission for other entities to operate.
CDMA1X is cited as an example of 'standard technology' in cell phone communications.
Answer: False
Explanation: CDMA1X is presented as an example of 'de facto technology' due to its privately held intellectual property, contrasting with 'standard technology' like GSM.
The concept of 'de facto' implies that borders are solely determined by international treaties.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'de facto' aspect of borders refers to practical control and enforcement, not solely treaty-based legal definitions.
When a language is 'de facto national', it means it is widely used and functions as the primary language in practice, even without official legal recognition.
Answer: True
Explanation: This definition accurately captures the essence of a 'de facto national' language: practical prevalence over formal legal status.
De facto segregation is characterized by explicit legal mandates enforcing racial separation.
Answer: False
Explanation: De facto segregation arises from societal factors, unlike de jure segregation which is legally mandated.
The primary characteristic of a de facto standard is its widespread adoption and market dominance.
Answer: True
Explanation: Widespread adoption and market dominance are the defining features of a de facto standard, distinguishing it from formally ratified standards.
The 'Brussels effect' describes how EU regulations become de facto global standards due to the EU's market size.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Brussels effect' illustrates how the EU's market power leads its regulations to achieve de facto global standard status.
De facto boundaries within a federal state are always identical to the officially demarcated lines on maps.
Answer: False
Explanation: Within federal states, de facto boundaries can arise from practical enforcement and administrative control, potentially differing from official demarcations.
The term 'de facto technology' implies that its intellectual property is publicly available for anyone to use and manufacture.
Answer: False
Explanation: 'De facto technology' typically implies privately held intellectual property, limiting its widespread use, unlike standard technologies.
Why might an organization voluntarily comply with a 'de facto' regulation?
Answer: To simplify manufacturing processes and maintain a single standard across markets.
Explanation: Organizations often adopt de facto regulations for operational efficiency, market consistency, and to meet widespread consumer expectations.
How does a 'de facto standard' typically emerge in technical contexts?
Answer: Through tradition, market dominance, or widespread adoption.
Explanation: De facto standards arise organically through market forces and widespread use, rather than through formal standardization bodies.
Which of the following countries is mentioned as having a de facto national language but no official de jure national language?
Answer: United Kingdom
Explanation: The United Kingdom is cited as an example of a nation with a de facto national language (English) but no legally designated de jure national language.
What does the source suggest about countries having both de facto and de jure national languages?
Answer: It is common, with examples like Morocco and Lebanon.
Explanation: The source indicates that the coexistence of de facto and de jure national languages is common, citing Morocco and Lebanon as examples.
In the former Soviet Union, what was the status of the Russian language before 1990?
Answer: It served as the de facto official language for the central government.
Explanation: Prior to 1990, Russian functioned as the de facto official language of the Soviet Union's central administration.
Regarding the linguistic situation in Hong Kong and Macau, what is true about Chinese varieties?
Answer: No specific variety of Chinese is legally defined as official.
Explanation: In Hong Kong and Macau, while Cantonese functions as the de facto standard, no specific variety of Chinese is legally defined as official.
How are the de facto boundaries of a country determined?
Answer: By the territory over which the government can enforce its laws and defend.
Explanation: De facto boundaries are defined by the practical extent of governmental control and defense capabilities.
The Durand Line is presented as an example of what?
Answer: A de facto boundary recognized and enforced in practice.
Explanation: The Durand Line exemplifies a de facto boundary, characterized by its practical recognition and enforcement.
What was the key difference between de facto and de jure segregation in the United States, particularly outside the South?
Answer: De facto segregation occurred without legal mandate, while de jure segregation was legally enforced (e.g., Jim Crow laws).
Explanation: This highlights the crucial distinction: de facto segregation resulted from societal factors, whereas de jure segregation was legally codified.
In a business context, what defines a 'de facto monopoly'?
Answer: A situation where one supplier dominates the market so completely that competitors cannot realistically survive, even if legally allowed.
Explanation: A 'de facto monopoly' is characterized by overwhelming market dominance that effectively precludes competition, regardless of legal structures.
What is the key difference between 'de facto technology' like CDMA1X and 'standard technology' like GSM mentioned in the source?
Answer: De facto technology has privately held IP limiting manufacturing, while standard technology is more publicly available.
Explanation: This highlights the intellectual property aspect: de facto technology is proprietary, whereas standard technology is generally accessible for replication.
The 'Brussels effect' relates to de facto regulations by describing how:
Answer: EU regulations become de facto global standards due to the EU's market size.
Explanation: The 'Brussels effect' describes the phenomenon where EU regulations achieve de facto global standard status due to the Union's significant market influence.
In Australia, 'de facto relationships' are only legally recognized between opposite-sex couples.
Answer: False
Explanation: Australian law recognizes de facto relationships for both opposite-sex and same-sex couples living together on a genuine domestic basis.
Due to federalism in Australia, de facto relationship laws apply uniformly across all states and territories.
Answer: False
Explanation: Australian federalism means de facto relationship laws are primarily tied to the state or territory of residence, not uniformly applied nationwide.
An Australian 'de facto relationship' is legally equivalent to a common-law marriage recognized across all jurisdictions.
Answer: False
Explanation: While granting similar rights, Australian de facto relationships have specific jurisdictional limitations, distinguishing them from the broader recognition of common-law marriage where it exists.
'De facto joint custody' implies that parents share legal decision-making authority over children after separation until a court order is issued.
Answer: True
Explanation: This accurately defines 'de facto joint custody' as a shared parental decision-making arrangement preceding formal court orders.
In Australia and New Zealand, a 'de facto relationship' requires the couple to be legally married but living separately.
Answer: False
Explanation: A 'de facto relationship' in these jurisdictions signifies a committed partnership outside of legal marriage.
In Australia, what is a key aspect of the legal recognition of 'de facto relationships'?
Answer: They are legally recognized for both opposite-sex and same-sex couples living together.
Explanation: Australian law extends legal recognition to de facto relationships irrespective of the partners' gender, provided they meet criteria of cohabitation and domesticity.
How does Australian federalism impact the laws governing de facto relationships?
Answer: Recognition is primarily tied to the state or territory of residence.
Explanation: Due to federalism, the application of de facto relationship laws in Australia is generally determined by the state or territory of residence.
What distinguishes an Australian 'de facto relationship' from common-law marriage?
Answer: Common-law marriage is a fully legal marriage contracted irregularly, whereas de facto relationships have specific jurisdictional limitations.
Explanation: This distinction clarifies that common-law marriage, where recognized, is a form of legal marriage, while de facto relationships are a distinct legal status with jurisdictional boundaries.
What does 'de facto joint custody' mean in family law after parental separation?
Answer: Both parents share joint legal decision-making authority until a court order is issued.
Explanation: 'De facto joint custody' describes the shared parental authority that exists in practice pending formal judicial determination.
In the context of relationships in Australia and New Zealand, what defines a 'de facto relationship'?
Answer: A committed partnership between two people living together on a genuine domestic basis.
Explanation: In Australia and New Zealand, a 'de facto relationship' signifies a committed partnership between two people living together on a genuine domestic basis, outside of legal marriage.