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Dion is a village and municipal unit located in the Pieria regional unit of Greece, specifically at the foot of Mount Olympus.
Answer: True
Explanation: Dion is indeed a village and municipal unit situated in the Pieria regional unit of Greece, positioned at the base of Mount Olympus, as confirmed by geographical and administrative descriptions.
The primary historical significance of Dion stems from its ancient Roman forum and a large temple dedicated to Jupiter.
Answer: False
Explanation: Dion's primary historical significance is rooted in its ancient Macedonian sanctuary dedicated to Zeus and the ancient city itself, not specifically a Roman forum or Jupiter temple, although Roman elements are present from a later period.
The name 'Dion' is derived from the Greek word 'Dios,' meaning 'of Zeus,' reflecting the city's dedication to the deity.
Answer: True
Explanation: The name 'Dion' is indeed derived from the Greek 'Dios,' meaning 'of Zeus,' directly reflecting the city's central dedication to the most important Macedonian sanctuary of Zeus.
Hesiod's 'Catalogue of Women' links Dion to the mythical origins of the Athenians and Spartans through the sons of Deucalion.
Answer: False
Explanation: Hesiod's 'Catalogue of Women' links Dion to the mythical origins of the Magnetes and Macedonians through the sons of Deucalion, Magnes and Makednos, not the Athenians and Spartans.
Which regional unit in Greece is Dion located within?
Answer: Pieria
Explanation: Dion is specifically located within the Pieria regional unit of Greece, at the foot of Mount Olympus.
What are the primary historical attractions for which Dion is known?
Answer: A significant ancient Macedonian sanctuary dedicated to Zeus and the ancient city itself.
Explanation: Dion is primarily known for its ancient Macedonian sanctuary dedicated to Zeus and the archaeological remains of the ancient city, which are preserved in the Archaeological Park and Museum.
According to ancient sources, what is the origin of the name 'Dion'?
Answer: It is derived from 'Dios,' meaning 'of Zeus,' due to the sanctuary dedicated to him.
Explanation: The name 'Dion' originates from the Greek word 'Dios,' meaning 'of Zeus,' directly referencing the city's most important Macedonian sanctuary dedicated to this deity.
Which historical text connects Dion to the mythical origins of the Macedonians?
Answer: Hesiod's 'Catalogue of Women'
Explanation: Hesiod's 'Catalogue of Women' is the ancient text that links Dion to the mythical origins of the Macedonians through the sons of Deucalion, Magnes and Makednos.
Dion was considered a 'sacred place' for the Ancient Macedonians, where kings performed sacrifices to mark the new year in late September.
Answer: True
Explanation: Dion was indeed regarded as the 'sacred place' for the Ancient Macedonians, where kings conducted splendid sacrifices in late September to inaugurate the new year of the Macedonian calendar.
The first historical mention of Dion was by Herodotus, who described its role in the Persian Wars.
Answer: False
Explanation: The first historical mention of Dion was by Thucydides, who reported Brasidas's arrival in 424 BC, not by Herodotus in the context of the Persian Wars.
Archelaus I instituted a nine-day festival of games in Dion, including athletic and dramatic competitions, in honor of Zeus and the Muses.
Answer: True
Explanation: Archelaus I significantly enhanced Dion's importance by instituting a nine-day festival of games, featuring both athletic and dramatic competitions, dedicated to Zeus and the Muses.
Alexander the Great conducted magnificent sacrifices at Dion in 334 BC after returning from his campaign in Asia.
Answer: False
Explanation: Alexander the Great conducted magnificent sacrifices at Dion in 334 BC *before* embarking on his campaign to Asia, not after returning from it.
A sculptural bronze masterpiece by Lysippos depicting 25 mounted companions who fell at the Battle of Thermopylae was associated with Dion.
Answer: False
Explanation: The sculptural bronze masterpiece by Lysippos depicted 25 mounted companions who fell at the Battle of the Granicus, not the Battle of Thermopylae.
What specific ritual did Macedonian kings perform at Dion in late September?
Answer: Splendid sacrifices to mark the new year of the Macedonian calendar.
Explanation: Macedonian kings performed splendid sacrifices at Dion in late September to mark the new year of the Macedonian calendar, a ritual associated with the worship of Olympian Zeus and the Muses.
Who was the first historian to mention Dion, and in what context?
Answer: Thucydides, reporting Brasidas's arrival in 424 BC.
Explanation: Thucydides is recognized as the first historian to mention Dion, documenting the arrival of the Spartan general Brasidas in 424 BC.
What significant cultural contribution did Archelaus I make to Dion?
Answer: He established a nine-day festival of games in honor of Zeus and the Muses.
Explanation: Archelaus I significantly contributed to Dion's cultural life by instituting a nine-day festival of games, featuring athletic and dramatic competitions, dedicated to Zeus and the Muses.
When did Alexander the Great conduct magnificent sacrifices at Dion before embarking on his campaign to Asia?
Answer: 334 BC
Explanation: Alexander the Great conducted magnificent sacrifices at Dion in 334 BC, just prior to the commencement of his campaign into Asia.
During the Hellenistic period, Cassander was instrumental in erecting strong walls and public buildings in Dion, enhancing its reputation.
Answer: True
Explanation: Cassander, one of Alexander's successors, indeed played a crucial role in the Hellenistic development of Dion, overseeing the construction of strong walls and public buildings that bolstered the city's reputation.
Dion and its sanctuary were destroyed in 219 BC by Roman invaders during the Punic Wars.
Answer: False
Explanation: Dion and its sanctuary were destroyed in 219 BC by Aetolian invaders during the Social War, not by Roman invaders during the Punic Wars.
Dion fell under Roman control in 169 BC and was later established as a colony named COLONIA JULIA AUGUSTA DIENSIS by Octavian.
Answer: True
Explanation: Dion did fall under Roman control in 169 BC and was subsequently established as a Roman colony, COLONIA JULIA AUGUSTA DIENSIS, by Octavian in 32/31 BC.
Dion experienced its 'second heyday' under Roman rule during the reigns of 1st-century AD emperors who admired Julius Caesar.
Answer: False
Explanation: Dion's 'second heyday' under Roman rule occurred during the reigns of 2nd and 3rd-century AD emperors who admired Alexander the Great, not 1st-century AD emperors admiring Julius Caesar.
Dion's final significant historical role was as a major trade port before its abandonment due to economic decline.
Answer: False
Explanation: Dion's final significant historical role was as the seat of a bishopric in the 4th and 5th centuries AD, before its abandonment due to earthquakes and floods, not as a major trade port.
Which successor of Alexander the Great showed great interest in Dion, overseeing the erection of strong walls and public buildings?
Answer: Cassander
Explanation: Cassander, one of Alexander's successors, demonstrated significant interest in Dion's development during the Hellenistic period, overseeing the construction of its strong walls and public buildings.
What event led to the destruction of Dion and its sanctuary in 219 BC?
Answer: An invasion by Aetolian forces during the Social War.
Explanation: Dion and its sanctuary were destroyed in 219 BC by Aetolian invaders during the Social War, an event that necessitated its subsequent rebuilding by Philip V.
When did Dion fall under Roman control?
Answer: 169 BC
Explanation: Dion fell under Roman control in 169 BC, marking a significant shift in its political and administrative status.
During which period did Dion experience its 'second heyday' under Roman rule?
Answer: 2nd and 3rd centuries AD
Explanation: Dion experienced its 'second heyday' under Roman rule during the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, a period marked by renewed investment and development due to imperial admiration for Alexander the Great.
What was Dion's final significant historical role before its abandonment?
Answer: The seat of a bishopric.
Explanation: Dion's final significant historical role before its abandonment was serving as the seat of a bishopric in the 4th and 5th centuries AD, indicating its importance as an early Christian center.
The site of ancient Dion was first identified by the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann in the late 19th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The site of ancient Dion was first identified by the English traveler William Martin Leake in 1806, not by Heinrich Schliemann in the late 19th century.
Léon Heuzey visited Dion during his Macedonian archaeological mission and also detected the ancient site of Leivithra.
Answer: True
Explanation: Léon Heuzey did visit Dion during his Macedonian archaeological mission in the mid-19th century and is credited with identifying the ancient site of Leivithra as well.
The first series of inscriptions from Dion was published by the historian Thucydides.
Answer: False
Explanation: The first series of inscriptions from Dion was published by the epigraphist G. Oikonomos, not by the historian Thucydides.
Systematic archaeological exploration at Dion began in 1928, leading to the discovery of a 4th-century BC Macedonian tomb.
Answer: True
Explanation: Systematic archaeological exploration at Dion commenced in 1928 under G. Sotiriadis, and among the initial findings was a 4th-century BC Macedonian tomb.
Excavations at Dion were resumed in 1960 under the direction of G. Bakalakis, focusing on the ancient theatre and city wall.
Answer: True
Explanation: Excavations at Dion were indeed resumed in 1960 under the leadership of G. Bakalakis, with a primary focus on uncovering the ancient theatre and the city wall.
Since 1973, Professor Dimitrios Pandermalis of the University of Athens has been leading archaeological research at Dion.
Answer: False
Explanation: Since 1973, Professor Dimitrios Pandermalis of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki has been leading archaeological research at Dion, not the University of Athens.
Excavations at Dion have uncovered temples dedicated to Zeus, Demeter, and the Roman god Mars.
Answer: False
Explanation: Excavations at Dion have uncovered temples dedicated to Zeus, Demeter, and the Egyptian goddess Isis, not the Roman god Mars.
A mosaic of exceptionally fine quality was discovered in the House of Dionysos at Dion.
Answer: True
Explanation: An exceptionally fine quality mosaic was indeed discovered during the excavation of the magnificent House of Dionysos at Dion, showcasing the artistic prowess of the ancient city.
A rare bronze 'hydraulis,' a type of hydraulic musical pipe organ, was found at Dion and is now in the Archaeological Museum.
Answer: True
Explanation: A rare bronze 'hydraulis,' an ancient hydraulic musical pipe organ, was discovered at Dion in a former workshop and is now a significant exhibit in the Archaeological Museum of Dion.
In 2006, a 2200-year-old statue of Athena was discovered built into the city walls of Dion.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 2006, a 2200-year-old statue of Hera, not Athena, was discovered built into the city walls of Dion, repurposed by early Christians.
Who first identified the site of ancient Dion in 1806?
Answer: William Martin Leake
Explanation: The English traveler William Martin Leake was the first to identify the site of ancient Dion on December 2, 1806.
Which archaeologist visited Dion during his Macedonian archaeological mission and also detected Leivithra?
Answer: Léon Heuzey
Explanation: Léon Heuzey, during his Macedonian archaeological mission, visited Dion and also successfully identified the ancient site of Leivithra.
Who published the first series of inscriptions discovered at Dion?
Answer: G. Oikonomos
Explanation: The epigraphist G. Oikonomos was responsible for publishing the initial series of inscriptions found at Dion, providing valuable textual evidence.
When did systematic archaeological exploration begin at Dion, and what was an initial finding?
Answer: 1928, uncovering a 4th-century BC Macedonian tomb.
Explanation: Systematic archaeological exploration at Dion began in 1928, and among its initial significant findings was a 4th-century BC Macedonian tomb.
Who has been leading archaeological research at Dion since 1973?
Answer: Professor Dimitrios Pandermalis
Explanation: Since 1973, Professor Dimitrios Pandermalis of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki has been the lead archaeologist for research at Dion.
Which of the following temples have been excavated at Dion?
Answer: Temples dedicated to Zeus, Demeter, and Isis.
Explanation: Excavations at Dion have revealed temples dedicated to Zeus, Demeter, and the Egyptian goddess Isis, reflecting the city's diverse religious landscape.
What significant artifact was discovered in the House of Dionysos?
Answer: A mosaic of exceptionally fine quality.
Explanation: A mosaic of exceptionally fine quality was discovered in the House of Dionysos, highlighting the artistic wealth of ancient Dion.
What rare musical instrument was found at Dion and is now in the Archaeological Museum?
Answer: A bronze 'hydraulis'.
Explanation: A rare bronze 'hydraulis,' a hydraulic musical pipe organ, was discovered at Dion and is now a significant exhibit in the Archaeological Museum.
What notable discovery was made in 2006 regarding a statue of Hera?
Answer: A 2200-year-old statue of Hera repurposed as filling material in the city walls.
Explanation: In 2006, a 2200-year-old statue of Hera was discovered, notably repurposed by early Christians as filling material within the city's defensive walls.
The modern village at the ancient site of Dion was known as Malathria until it was officially renamed in 1961.
Answer: True
Explanation: The modern village at the ancient site was indeed known as Malathria until 1961, when it was officially renamed Dion to reflect its historical identity.
The Municipality of Dion was established in October 1992 as Dimos Diou.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Municipality of Dion, known as Dimos Diou, was indeed established as a local administrative entity in October 1992.
The 1997 Kapodistrias reform reduced the geographical scope of the Municipality of Dion.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1997 Kapodistrias reform actually expanded the geographical scope of the Municipality of Dion, incorporating several former communities, rather than reducing it.
The administrative center for the Municipality of Dion was located in the village of Platanakia.
Answer: False
Explanation: The administrative center for the Municipality of Dion was located in the village of Kondariotissa, not Platanakia.
The 2011 Kallikratis Plan led to Dion becoming a municipal unit within the new municipality of Dion-Olympos.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2011 Kallikratis Plan resulted in Dion merging with other municipalities to form Dion-Olympos, with Dion subsequently becoming a municipal unit within this new administrative structure.
The community of Dion consists solely of the village of Dion.
Answer: False
Explanation: The community of Dion comprises both the village of Dion and the village of Platanakia, not solely the village of Dion.
What was the former name of the modern village at the site of ancient Dion until 1961?
Answer: Malathria
Explanation: The modern village located at the ancient site of Dion was known as Malathria until its official renaming in 1961.
When was the Municipality of Dion (Dimos Diou) established?
Answer: 1992
Explanation: The Municipality of Dion, or Dimos Diou, was formally established in October 1992 as a local administrative entity.
How did the 1997 Kapodistrias reform affect the Municipality of Dion?
Answer: It expanded Dion to include several former communities.
Explanation: The 1997 Kapodistrias reform led to the expansion of the Municipality of Dion, incorporating several former communities into its administrative boundaries.
What was the administrative center of the Municipality of Dion before the 2011 Kallikratis Plan?
Answer: Kondariotissa
Explanation: Prior to the 2011 Kallikratis Plan, the administrative center for the Municipality of Dion was located in the village of Kondariotissa.
What was a direct consequence of the 2011 Kallikratis Plan for Dion?
Answer: Dion merged with East Olympos and Litochoro to form a new municipality.
Explanation: A direct consequence of the 2011 Kallikratis Plan was the merger of Dion with the former municipalities of East Olympos and Litochoro, creating the new municipality of Dion-Olympos.
Which two villages comprise the community of Dion?
Answer: Dion and Platanakia
Explanation: The community of Dion is composed of the village of Dion itself and the village of Platanakia.