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The Distinguished Service Cross was established by President Woodrow Wilson in 1918.
Answer: True
Explanation: President Woodrow Wilson signed the executive order establishing the Distinguished Service Cross on January 2, 1918, with subsequent legislative codification occurring later that year.
General John J. Pershing recommended the creation of the DSC to recognize valor comparable to European awards.
Answer: True
Explanation: General John J. Pershing, commanding the American Expeditionary Forces, advocated for the establishment of the DSC to provide a U.S. Army award for valor that was commensurate with decorations awarded by European allies during World War I.
The first award date listed for the Distinguished Service Cross is March 18, 1918.
Answer: True
Explanation: The earliest recorded award date for the Distinguished Service Cross is March 18, 1918.
General Pershing recommended the DSC to create an award distinct from the Medal of Honor for valorous service.
Answer: True
Explanation: General Pershing's recommendation aimed to establish a decoration for valorous service that was distinct from, and ranked below, the Medal of Honor, thereby providing broader recognition for battlefield heroism.
The Distinguished Service Cross was established by an act of Congress on July 9, 1918.
Answer: True
Explanation: Public Law 193, enacted by Congress on July 9, 1918, officially established the Distinguished Service Cross, codifying its creation.
Who recommended the establishment of the Distinguished Service Cross to recognize valor comparable to European awards?
Answer: General John J. Pershing
Explanation: General John J. Pershing advocated for the creation of the Distinguished Service Cross to ensure U.S. Army valor was recognized comparably to European military decorations of the era.
Which legislative act officially established the Distinguished Service Cross?
Answer: Public Law 193, passed on July 9, 1918
Explanation: The Distinguished Service Cross was officially established by Public Law 193, enacted by Congress on July 9, 1918.
What was the context for General Pershing's recommendation for the DSC?
Answer: To create an award comparable to European valor awards, distinct from the Medal of Honor.
Explanation: General Pershing's recommendation for the Distinguished Service Cross was contextualized by a desire to establish a U.S. Army award for valor that mirrored the prestige of European decorations while remaining distinct from the Medal of Honor.
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States Army.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Distinguished Service Cross is recognized as the United States Army's second-highest military decoration, awarded for extraordinary heroism in combat, ranking subordinate only to the Medal of Honor.
The Distinguished Service Cross is awarded for exceptionally meritorious service in a duty of great responsibility.
Answer: False
Explanation: The criterion described, exceptionally meritorious service in a duty of great responsibility, pertains to the Distinguished Service Medal, not the Distinguished Service Cross, which requires extraordinary heroism.
The Distinguished Service Cross is equivalent in precedence to the Silver Star.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Distinguished Service Cross ranks significantly higher in precedence than the Silver Star, being the second-highest award for heroism in the U.S. Army, whereas the Silver Star is typically awarded for gallantry in action.
The Distinguished Service Cross is awarded for any act of bravery, regardless of whether it involves combat.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Distinguished Service Cross is specifically awarded for extraordinary heroism demonstrated while engaged in action against an enemy or in military operations involving conflict, not for any act of bravery irrespective of combat context.
The Certificate of Merit was a higher award than the Distinguished Service Cross.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Certificate of Merit was a precursor or alternative award for gallantry, but the Distinguished Service Cross holds a significantly higher precedence and is awarded for more profound acts of heroism.
The Distinguished Service Cross is awarded for actions against any foreign force, not just enemies.
Answer: True
Explanation: The criteria for the Distinguished Service Cross encompass actions against any foreign force, including those in military operations involving conflict, not exclusively against declared enemies of the United States.
What is the primary criterion for awarding the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC)?
Answer: Extraordinary heroism displayed while engaged in action against an enemy.
Explanation: The Distinguished Service Cross is awarded for extraordinary heroism demonstrated while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States, or in military operations involving conflict with a foreign force.
How does the Distinguished Service Cross rank in precedence among U.S. military decorations?
Answer: It ranks second, immediately following the Medal of Honor.
Explanation: The Distinguished Service Cross holds the second position in precedence among U.S. military decorations, ranking directly below the Medal of Honor.
What is the key difference between the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Service Medal?
Answer: The DSC requires combat heroism; the DSM recognizes meritorious service without combat restriction.
Explanation: The fundamental distinction lies in the criteria: the Distinguished Service Cross is awarded for extraordinary heroism in combat, whereas the Distinguished Service Medal recognizes exceptionally meritorious service, typically without the requirement of direct combat engagement.
The Distinguished Service Cross medal is a square-shaped medal measuring approximately 3 inches in height.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Distinguished Service Cross is cruciform (cross-shaped), not square, and measures approximately 2 inches in height and 1 13/16 inches in width.
The inscription "FOR VALOR" appears on the reverse side of the Distinguished Service Cross.
Answer: False
Explanation: The inscription "FOR VALOR" is located on the scroll beneath the eagle on the obverse (front) side of the Distinguished Service Cross medal.
The inscription "FOR VALOR" signifies that the DSC recognizes acts of exceptional meritorious service.
Answer: False
Explanation: The inscription "FOR VALOR" on the Distinguished Service Cross specifically denotes acts of extraordinary heroism, distinguishing it from awards for meritorious service.
The reverse of the Distinguished Service Cross has space for the recipient's name to be engraved.
Answer: True
Explanation: The reverse side of the Distinguished Service Cross medal features a wreath, which provides an area designated for the engraving of the recipient's name.
The service ribbon for the DSC features a central stripe of Old Glory Red.
Answer: False
Explanation: The central stripe on the service ribbon for the Distinguished Service Cross is Imperial Blue; Old Glory Red stripes border the white stripes flanking the central blue band.
Gaetano Cecere designed the first style of the Distinguished Service Cross medal.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Gaetano Cecere sculpted the first medals, the initial design of the first style was credited to Captain Aymar E. Embury II and Lieutenant J. Andre Smith.
John R. Sinnock sculpted the second (current) version of the Distinguished Service Cross.
Answer: True
Explanation: John R. Sinnock is credited with sculpting the second, and current, iteration of the Distinguished Service Cross medal.
The medal measures approximately 46 mm in width.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Distinguished Service Cross medal has a width of approximately 46 millimeters (or 1 13/16 inches).
The first style of the DSC was designed by Gaetano Cecere.
Answer: False
Explanation: The initial design concept for the first style of the Distinguished Service Cross was developed by Captain Aymar E. Embury II and Lieutenant J. Andre Smith; Gaetano Cecere sculpted the first medals produced.
What are the approximate physical dimensions of the Distinguished Service Cross medal?
Answer: 2 inches high and 1 13/16 inches wide
Explanation: The Distinguished Service Cross medal measures approximately 2 inches in height and 1 13/16 inches (46 mm) in width.
Which inscription is found on the front of the Distinguished Service Cross medal?
Answer: FOR VALOR
Explanation: The inscription "FOR VALOR" is prominently displayed on the scroll beneath the central eagle motif on the obverse side of the Distinguished Service Cross medal.
Who designed the first style of the Distinguished Service Cross medal?
Answer: Captain Aymar E. Embury II and Lieutenant J. Andre Smith
Explanation: The initial design concept for the first style of the Distinguished Service Cross medal was developed by Captain Aymar E. Embury II and Lieutenant J. Andre Smith.
What does the inscription "FOR VALOR" on the DSC signify?
Answer: The recipient's acts of extraordinary heroism.
Explanation: The inscription "FOR VALOR" on the Distinguished Service Cross medal explicitly signifies that the award recognizes acts of extraordinary heroism.
What is the significance of the wreath on the reverse side of the DSC?
Answer: It provides space for the recipient's name to be engraved.
Explanation: The wreath depicted on the reverse side of the Distinguished Service Cross medal serves as a designated area for the engraving of the recipient's name.
The central stripe on the DSC service ribbon is what color?
Answer: Imperial Blue
Explanation: The central stripe of the service ribbon for the Distinguished Service Cross is Imperial Blue, bordered by white and then Old Glory Red stripes.
During World War II, over 5,000 awards of the Distinguished Service Cross were made.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical records indicate that just over 5,000 awards of the Distinguished Service Cross were conferred during the period of World War II.
The Korean War saw over 800 awards of the Distinguished Service Cross, with more than 300 being posthumous.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the Korean War, approximately 800 Distinguished Service Crosses were awarded, with a significant portion, exceeding 300, being conferred posthumously.
During the Vietnam War, over 1,000 awards of the DSC were made, with nearly 400 being posthumous.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Vietnam War saw the award of over 1,000 Distinguished Service Crosses, of which nearly 400 were posthumous recognitions.
As of December 2018, the DSC had been awarded 16 times for actions during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan.
Answer: True
Explanation: By December 2018, the Distinguished Service Cross had been awarded on 16 occasions for actions undertaken during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan.
Retroactive DSC awards were made for actions during the Vietnam War and the Cold War.
Answer: False
Explanation: Retroactive awards of the Distinguished Service Cross were primarily associated with earlier conflicts such as the Indian Wars, Spanish-American War, and Philippine Insurrection, not the Vietnam War or the Cold War.
62 awards of the DSC were made for actions during the Russian Civil War in Siberia and North Russia.
Answer: True
Explanation: A total of 62 Distinguished Service Cross awards were conferred for actions undertaken during the Russian Civil War in the regions of Siberia and North Russia.
As of March 2013, 13 DSCs had been awarded for actions during Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Answer: True
Explanation: By March 2013, the Distinguished Service Cross had been awarded 13 times for actions conducted during Operation Iraqi Freedom.
How many Distinguished Service Crosses were awarded during World War II?
Answer: Just over 5,000
Explanation: During the period of World War II, the Distinguished Service Cross was awarded to slightly more than 5,000 recipients.
In the Korean War, approximately how many Distinguished Service Crosses were awarded, and what proportion were posthumous?
Answer: Just over 800 awards, with over 300 posthumous.
Explanation: The Korean War saw the award of approximately 800 Distinguished Service Crosses, with more than 300 of these being posthumous recognitions.
Retroactive awards of the DSC were made for actions during which historical conflict?
Answer: The Spanish–American War
Explanation: Retroactive awards of the Distinguished Service Cross were made for actions during conflicts including the Spanish-American War, alongside others such as the Indian Wars and the Boxer Rebellion.
How many DSC awards were made for actions in Siberia and North Russia during the Russian Civil War?
Answer: 62
Explanation: A total of 62 Distinguished Service Cross awards were conferred for actions undertaken during the Russian Civil War in the regions of Siberia and North Russia.
Which historical conflict saw retroactive DSC awards made, alongside the Spanish-American War and Boxer Rebellion?
Answer: The Indian Wars
Explanation: Retroactive Distinguished Service Cross awards were made for actions during the Indian Wars, in addition to the Spanish-American War and the Boxer Rebellion, among other conflicts.
Captain Eddie Rickenbacker received a record number of eight Distinguished Service Crosses for his WWI actions.
Answer: True
Explanation: Captain Eddie Rickenbacker, the renowned World War I ace pilot, was awarded a record eight Distinguished Service Crosses for his combat achievements.
Colonel John H. Parker was the only naval officer in WWI to receive four Distinguished Service Crosses.
Answer: False
Explanation: Colonel John H. Parker was a distinguished Army officer, not a naval officer, and is noted as the only ground soldier in World War I to receive four Distinguished Service Crosses.
Jeannette Guyot and Virginia Hall were the only two men to receive the DSC in World War II.
Answer: False
Explanation: Jeannette Guyot and Virginia Hall were the only two women to receive the Distinguished Service Cross during World War II; the statement incorrectly identifies them as men.
Colonel Arthur Champeny is recognized for receiving the DSC in four different conflicts.
Answer: False
Explanation: Colonel Arthur Champeny is noted as the only individual to receive the Distinguished Service Cross in three distinct conflicts: World War I, World War II, and the Korean War, not four.
Sergeant Adelbert Waldron III received one DSC in Vietnam and is credited with 109 confirmed kills.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sergeant Adelbert Waldron III received two Distinguished Service Crosses for his service in Vietnam, in addition to being credited with 109 confirmed kills.
Master Sergeant David R. Halbruner received the DSC for actions during the 2012 Benghazi attack.
Answer: True
Explanation: Master Sergeant David R. Halbruner was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross in recognition of his actions during the 2012 Benghazi attack.
Major Mark E. Mitchell was the first recipient of the DSC for actions in Afghanistan after the Vietnam War, recognized for actions in November 2001.
Answer: True
Explanation: Major Mark E. Mitchell is identified as the initial recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross for actions in Afghanistan post-Vietnam War, specifically for events in November 2001.
The total number of Distinguished Service Crosses awarded is listed as 13,462.
Answer: True
Explanation: According to available data, the cumulative number of Distinguished Service Crosses awarded stands at 13,462.
Richard E. Cavazos, a recipient of the DSC in Korea and Vietnam, became the first Hispanic-American four-star general.
Answer: True
Explanation: Richard E. Cavazos, who received the Distinguished Service Cross for service in both Korea and Vietnam, achieved the distinction of becoming the first Hispanic-American to attain the rank of four-star general.
Lieutenant Colonel John C. Meyer received the DSC twice during World War II.
Answer: False
Explanation: Lieutenant Colonel John C. Meyer was a three-time recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross during World War II, not twice.
Colonel Robert R. Martin was an early recipient of the DSC during the Korean War.
Answer: True
Explanation: Colonel Robert R. Martin is cited as an early recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions during the Korean War.
Dwight F. Davis, a DSC recipient, is known for founding the Davis Cup.
Answer: True
Explanation: Dwight F. Davis, who received the Distinguished Service Cross, is widely recognized for his role in establishing the Davis Cup international tennis competition.
James F. Hollingsworth received three DSCs in Vietnam and was the subject of the narrative "The General Goes Zapping Charlie Cong."
Answer: True
Explanation: General James F. Hollingsworth was awarded three Distinguished Service Crosses for his service in Vietnam and was famously profiled in the narrative "The General Goes Zapping Charlie Cong."
Captain Douglas Campbell received five Distinguished Service Crosses.
Answer: True
Explanation: Captain Douglas Campbell, a World War I aviator, was awarded five Distinguished Service Crosses for his aerial combat achievements.
Richard E. Cavazos earned a second DSC in Vietnam.
Answer: True
Explanation: Richard E. Cavazos was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross for his actions during the Vietnam War.
Which World War I ace pilot received a record eight Distinguished Service Crosses?
Answer: Captain Eddie Rickenbacker
Explanation: Captain Eddie Rickenbacker, the most successful American fighter ace of World War I, was awarded a record eight Distinguished Service Crosses for his aerial combat achievements.
Which of the following individuals earned both the Medal of Honor and the Distinguished Service Cross in Korea?
Answer: Lewis Millett
Explanation: Lewis Millett is among the distinguished individuals who received both the Medal of Honor and the Distinguished Service Cross for their actions during the Korean War.
Who is noted as the only person to receive the Distinguished Service Cross in three different conflicts (WWI, WWII, and Korea)?
Answer: Colonel Arthur Champeny
Explanation: Colonel Arthur Champeny holds the unique distinction of being the sole individual recognized with the Distinguished Service Cross across three separate conflicts: World War I, World War II, and the Korean War.
Which U.S. Army sniper received two DSCs in Vietnam and is credited with 109 confirmed kills?
Answer: Adelbert Waldron III
Explanation: Sergeant Adelbert Waldron III, a U.S. Army sniper, received two Distinguished Service Crosses for his service in Vietnam and is credited with the highest number of confirmed kills among U.S. snipers, totaling 109.
For which event was Master Sergeant David R. Halbruner awarded the DSC?
Answer: The 2012 Benghazi attack
Explanation: Master Sergeant David R. Halbruner was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions during the 2012 attack in Benghazi.
Who was the first recipient of the DSC for actions in Afghanistan in November 2001?
Answer: Major Mark E. Mitchell
Explanation: Major Mark E. Mitchell received the Distinguished Service Cross as the first recipient for actions in Afghanistan in November 2001, specifically for actions at the Qala-i-Jang Fortress.
According to the infobox data, what is the total number of Distinguished Service Crosses awarded?
Answer: 13,462
Explanation: The infobox data indicates that a total of 13,462 Distinguished Service Crosses have been awarded throughout its history.
Which of these individuals, a DSC recipient, became the first Hispanic-American four-star general?
Answer: Richard E. Cavazos
Explanation: Richard E. Cavazos, a recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross, achieved the distinction of becoming the first Hispanic-American to attain the rank of four-star general.
Which World War II Army Air Forces officer was a three-time recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross?
Answer: Lieutenant Colonel John C. Meyer
Explanation: Lieutenant Colonel John C. Meyer of the Army Air Forces received the Distinguished Service Cross on three separate occasions during World War II.
Oak leaf clusters are used to denote subsequent awards of the Distinguished Service Cross.
Answer: True
Explanation: Subsequent awards of the Army Distinguished Service Cross are indicated by the attachment of oak leaf clusters to the ribbon or medal.
10 U.S.C. § 3991 allows for an increase in retired pay for enlisted personnel awarded the DSC.
Answer: True
Explanation: Title 10, Section 3991 of the United States Code provides for a supplementary increase in retired pay for enlisted members who have been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and meet specific service duration criteria.
The "DSC Database" is an official military record listing all recipients of the award.
Answer: False
Explanation: The "DSC Database" is described as an external resource that aims to compile a comprehensive list of recipients, rather than being an official, government-maintained military record.
Awards of the DSC are typically revoked if they are upgraded to the Medal of Honor.
Answer: True
Explanation: A common reason for the revocation of a Distinguished Service Cross award is its subsequent upgrade to the higher-precedence Medal of Honor.
Alvin York's Distinguished Service Cross was later downgraded to a lesser award.
Answer: False
Explanation: Alvin York's Distinguished Service Cross was not downgraded; rather, it was upgraded to the Medal of Honor following reviews addressing historical award disparities.
Reviews in the 1990s and 2000s led to the upgrading of several DSC awards to the Medal of Honor, addressing historical discrimination.
Answer: True
Explanation: Initiatives undertaken in the 1990s and early 2000s involved comprehensive reviews that resulted in the upgrading of certain Distinguished Service Cross awards to the Medal of Honor, partly to rectify instances of historical discrimination.
U.S. Senator Daniel Inouye had his Medal of Honor revoked and replaced with a Distinguished Service Cross in 2001.
Answer: False
Explanation: U.S. Senator Daniel Inouye's Distinguished Service Cross was upgraded to the Medal of Honor in 2001, not the other way around.
The "See also" section links to related Wikipedia articles about military awards and decorations.
Answer: True
Explanation: The "See also" section serves as a navigational aid, providing hyperlinks to other relevant articles within the same encyclopedic platform, such as those concerning military awards and decorations.
The "Authority control" section links to external databases like the National Archives to manage information.
Answer: True
Explanation: The "Authority control" section typically contains links to external databases, such as those maintained by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), which are utilized for standardized information management.
Citations (e.g., <sup> tags) indicate that the information is original content created by the article's author.
Answer: False
Explanation: Citations, often represented by superscript numbers (e.g., <sup> tags), serve to denote that the information presented is derived from external sources, such as published works or official documents, rather than original authorial content.
The term 'posthumous' means the award was given for actions performed after the recipient's death.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'posthumous' signifies that an award was conferred after the recipient's death, recognizing actions or service completed prior to their passing.
The Navbox at the end of the article links to related articles about the U.S. Army's recognition system.
Answer: True
Explanation: The navigation box (Navbox) typically serves to connect the article to other related content, such as other awards and decorations within the U.S. Army's system, facilitating broader exploration of the subject matter.
Vernon Baker and Edward A. Carter Jr. were among the black soldiers whose DSC awards were revoked and upgraded to the Medal of Honor in January 1997.
Answer: True
Explanation: Vernon Baker and Edward A. Carter Jr. were indeed among the African American soldiers whose Distinguished Service Crosses were revoked and subsequently upgraded to the Medal of Honor in January 1997, as part of a broader review addressing historical inequities.
The "shortdescription" class indicates a detailed, lengthy description of the award.
Answer: False
Explanation: The "shortdescription" class typically denotes a concise, summary-level description intended for quick identification and search results, not a detailed exposition.
Subsequent awards of the DSC are denoted by stars.
Answer: False
Explanation: Subsequent awards of the Distinguished Service Cross are indicated by the addition of oak leaf clusters, not stars.
The DSC Database is an official government repository of all award recipients.
Answer: False
Explanation: The "DSC Database" is identified as an external resource compiled to list recipients, rather than an official governmental repository.
Awards of the DSC can be revoked if they are upgraded to the Medal of Honor.
Answer: True
Explanation: Revocation of a Distinguished Service Cross award is a standard procedure when the award is subsequently upgraded to the Medal of Honor.
Alvin York's DSC was later upgraded to the Medal of Honor.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following reviews addressing historical award disparities, Alvin York's Distinguished Service Cross was upgraded to the Medal of Honor.
Reviews in the 1990s addressed discrimination against Hispanic American veterans regarding DSC upgrades.
Answer: True
Explanation: Reviews initiated in the 1990s and early 2000s examined potential historical discrimination, including that affecting Hispanic American veterans, in relation to Distinguished Service Cross awards and their potential upgrades.
U.S. Senator Daniel Inouye had his DSC upgraded to the Medal of Honor in 2001.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 2001, U.S. Senator Daniel Inouye's Distinguished Service Cross was upgraded to the Medal of Honor, acknowledging his exceptional heroism.
The "See also" section links to related topics like "Awards and decorations of the United States Army."
Answer: True
Explanation: The "See also" section typically provides navigational links to other pertinent articles, such as "Awards and decorations of the United States Army," to enhance reader comprehension and exploration.
The "Authority control" section links to external databases like the National Archives.
Answer: True
Explanation: The "Authority control" section commonly directs users to external databases, including those managed by the National Archives, for standardized information and cataloging purposes.
The "External links" section provides links to related Wikipedia articles.
Answer: False
Explanation: The "External links" section typically provides direct hyperlinks to resources outside of the current platform, such as specialized databases or historical websites, rather than internal Wikipedia articles.
How are subsequent awards of the Army Distinguished Service Cross indicated?
Answer: By attaching oak leaf clusters.
Explanation: Subsequent awards of the Distinguished Service Cross are denoted through the addition of oak leaf clusters affixed to the suspension ribbon or medal.
What is the significance of the "DSC Database" mentioned in the article's external links?
Answer: It is an external resource that aims to list all recipients of the DSC.
Explanation: The "DSC Database," as referenced in the external links, functions as an independent resource dedicated to compiling a comprehensive list of all Distinguished Service Cross recipients.
Which of the following is a reason cited for the revocation of Distinguished Service Cross awards?
Answer: The award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor.
Explanation: One of the primary reasons cited for the revocation of a Distinguished Service Cross award is its subsequent upgrade to the Medal of Honor, reflecting a higher level of recognized heroism.
What happened to Alvin York's initial Distinguished Service Cross award?
Answer: It was upgraded to the Medal of Honor.
Explanation: Alvin York's Distinguished Service Cross was subsequently upgraded to the Medal of Honor, acknowledging the exceptional nature of his wartime actions.
Reviews initiated in the 1990s and early 2000s led to the upgrading of some DSC awards to the Medal of Honor, partly to address issues related to:
Answer: Discrimination against minority groups.
Explanation: The reviews conducted in the 1990s and early 2000s aimed, in part, to rectify historical discrimination that may have affected the awarding or recognition of valorous service, leading to upgrades of some Distinguished Service Crosses to the Medal of Honor.
Which U.S. Senator had his Distinguished Service Cross upgraded to the Medal of Honor in 2001?
Answer: Daniel Inouye
Explanation: U.S. Senator Daniel Inouye's Distinguished Service Cross was upgraded to the Medal of Honor in 2001, recognizing his exceptional wartime heroism.
The "Authority control" section typically links to:
Answer: External databases for information management (e.g., NARA).
Explanation: The "Authority control" section is designed to provide links to standardized external databases, such as those managed by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), facilitating consistent information management.
What does the presence of citations (like <sup> tags) in the article indicate?
Answer: The information is sourced from external documents or publications.
Explanation: Citations, often indicated by superscript numbers (e.g., <sup> tags), signify that the information presented is derived from verifiable external sources, such as academic papers, historical records, or official publications.
What does the term 'posthumous' mean regarding DSC awards?
Answer: Awarded after the recipient's death.
Explanation: In the context of military awards, 'posthumous' denotes that the award was conferred subsequent to the recipient's demise, recognizing valorous actions performed during their lifetime.
What is the function of oak leaf clusters on the DSC ribbon?
Answer: They signify each subsequent award of the medal.
Explanation: Oak leaf clusters are utilized on the Distinguished Service Cross ribbon to denote each subsequent award of the medal to the same individual, indicating repeated acts of heroism.
What is the purpose of the 'Navbox' at the end of the article?
Answer: To link to related awards and decorations within the U.S. Army's system.
Explanation: The 'Navbox' (navigation box) serves as a navigational tool, connecting the current article to other related awards and decorations within the broader context of the U.S. Army's recognition system.
Which of the following is NOT a reason cited for revoking a DSC award?
Answer: Recipient's subsequent meritorious service
Explanation: Subsequent meritorious service by a recipient is not a reason for revoking a Distinguished Service Cross award; revocations typically occur due to upgrades to higher awards, duplicate citations, or citation revisions.
What was the primary purpose of the reviews conducted in the 1990s and early 2000s concerning DSC awards?
Answer: To address historical discrimination and consider upgrading awards to the Medal of Honor.
Explanation: The reviews conducted in the 1990s and early 2000s primarily aimed to address potential historical discrimination in award processes and to evaluate the possibility of upgrading certain Distinguished Service Cross awards to the Medal of Honor.
The Navy Cross is the Army's equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Navy Cross, awarded by the Naval Services, is considered equivalent in precedence and criteria to the Army's Distinguished Service Cross.
The Distinguished Service Cross is equivalent to the Air Force Cross and the Coast Guard Cross.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Army's Distinguished Service Cross is considered equivalent in precedence and award criteria to the Air Force Cross and the Coast Guard Cross, awarded by their respective branches.
The DSC is equivalent to the Navy Cross and the Air Force Cross.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Army's Distinguished Service Cross is considered equivalent in precedence and criteria to the Navy Cross and the Air Force Cross, representing the highest awards for heroism within their respective service branches.
Which of these awards is equivalent to the Army's Distinguished Service Cross?
Answer: The Navy Cross
Explanation: The Navy Cross, awarded by the Naval Services, is considered equivalent in precedence and criteria to the Army's Distinguished Service Cross.