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The first horse-drawn double-decker omnibus appeared in London in 1853.
Answer: False
Explanation: Historical records indicate that the first horse-drawn double-decker omnibus emerged in Paris, not London, in 1853.
Double-decker buses became popular in Great Britain during the late 19th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source suggests that double-decker buses gained significant popularity in Great Britain during the early 20th century, rather than the late 19th century.
The first double-decker motor buses in Paris, the Schneider Brilliè P2, were withdrawn after a successful decade of service.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Schneider Brilliè P2 double-decker buses in Paris were withdrawn in 1911, after only five years of service, following an accident, not after a successful decade.
Double-decker buses in Moscow, Russia, were operated as trolleybuses between 1938 and 1948.
Answer: True
Explanation: Double-decker trolleybuses, specifically the YaTB-3 model, were operated in Moscow between 1938 and 1941, and again from 1945 to 1948.
When did the first horse-drawn double-decker omnibus appear, and when were they first motorized?
Answer: Appeared in Paris in 1853, motorized in the 1900s.
Explanation: The first horse-drawn double-decker omnibus appeared in Paris in 1853, and these vehicles were subsequently motorized in the early 1900s.
What was the fate of the first double-decker motor buses (Schneider Brilliè P2) introduced in Paris in 1906?
Answer: They were withdrawn in 1911 after one overturned, subsequently losing their upper decks.
Explanation: The Schneider Brilliè P2 buses in Paris were withdrawn in 1911 after one overturned. Following this incident, they lost their upper decks and were reclassified.
Double-decker buses are exclusively utilized for commuter transport.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that while commuter transport is a primary function, double-decker buses also serve purposes such as sightseeing tours and long-distance travel, thus refuting the exclusivity claim.
Double-decker buses are most commonly used for mass transport only in the United Kingdom.
Answer: False
Explanation: While prevalent in the United Kingdom, the source identifies significant usage in other regions, including Hong Kong, Berlin, and Skopje, demonstrating their broader application beyond the UK.
Outside the British Isles, Berlin and Paris are the most notable European cities for their prominent use of double-decker buses.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Berlin is noted, the source specifically highlights Skopje as another prominent European city for double-decker bus usage outside the British Isles, rather than Paris.
Gibraltar's double-decker buses are right-hand drive because the territory drives on the right side of the road.
Answer: False
Explanation: Gibraltar's double-decker buses are left-hand drive because the territory drives on the right side of the road, which is contrary to the statement.
Dublin Bus operates the largest double-decker fleet in Europe.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Dublin Bus operates a substantial fleet, London's fleet is larger. Dublin Bus ranks as the second-largest double-decker fleet in Europe.
Double-decker buses were used in Vienna for city services continuously from 1960 until 1991.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that double-decker buses were utilized in Vienna for city services during the period of 1960 to 1991.
Ostrava in the Czech Republic uses Scania UNVI Urbis DD CNG double-decker buses exclusively on weekends.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ostrava utilizes Scania UNVI Urbis DD CNG double-decker buses on line 78 during weekdays and on line 88 during weekends and holidays in the summer season, not exclusively on weekends.
Turku, Finland, was the first city in its country to officially incorporate double-decker buses into its local traffic in 2019.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Turku, Finland, was indeed the first city in the country to officially integrate double-decker buses into its local public transport system in 2019.
Berlin historically operated the largest double-decker fleet in continental Europe, although its proportion has decreased.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Berlin historically operated the largest double-decker fleet in continental Europe, and its proportion has indeed decreased over time.
Liemobil in Liechtenstein operates double-decker buses primarily on domestic routes within the country.
Answer: False
Explanation: Liemobil operates double-decker buses on services connecting Liechtenstein with Switzerland and Austria, as well as within Liechtenstein, indicating their use on cross-border and domestic routes.
Double-decker buses were first introduced in the Netherlands for commuter routes in December 2017 by Connexxion.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that double-decker buses were first introduced in the Netherlands for commuter routes in December 2017 by Connexxion, utilizing VDL Futura FDD2 models on route 346.
What are the primary uses of double-decker buses as described in the source?
Answer: Primarily for commuter transport, but also for sightseeing tours and long-distance travel.
Explanation: The primary uses of double-decker buses include commuter transport, sightseeing tours (especially open-top variants), and long-distance coach travel.
Which of the following cities is NOT mentioned as a location where double-decker buses are commonly used for mass transport?
Answer: Sydney
Explanation: Based on the provided text, Sydney is not mentioned as a city with common double-decker bus usage for mass transport, unlike Hong Kong, Singapore, and Berlin.
Outside the British Isles, which two European cities are specifically noted for their prominent use of double-decker buses?
Answer: Skopje and Berlin
Explanation: Outside the British Isles, Berlin and Skopje are specifically noted in the source as European cities with prominent use of double-decker buses.
What makes the double-decker buses operated in Gibraltar unique compared to those in most other British territories?
Answer: They are left-hand drive vehicles.
Explanation: The double-decker buses in Gibraltar are unique because they are left-hand drive, reflecting the territory's practice of driving on the right side of the road, unlike most other British territories.
As of October 2019, approximately how many double-decker buses did Dublin Bus operate, making it the second-largest fleet in Europe?
Answer: Around 1,000
Explanation: As of October 2019, Dublin Bus operated approximately 1,000 double-decker buses, positioning it as the second-largest fleet in Europe.
Which Finnish city was the first to officially incorporate double-decker buses into its local traffic?
Answer: Turku
Explanation: Turku, Finland, was the first city in the country to officially incorporate double-decker buses into its local traffic, beginning in the autumn of 2019.
What was the outcome of the evaluation of tri-axle Leyland Olympians in Taipei and Taichung, Taiwan, in the early 1990s?
Answer: The evaluation was unsuccessful, and the buses were sold to Hong Kong.
Explanation: The evaluation of tri-axle Leyland Olympians in Taipei and Taichung, Taiwan, in the early 1990s was unsuccessful, leading to the buses being sold to Hong Kong.
Which of the following cities in Mainland China utilizes double-decker buses, particularly on crowded lines?
Answer: Guilin, Nanning, and Guangzhou
Explanation: Cities such as Guilin, Nanning, and Guangzhou in Mainland China utilize double-decker buses, particularly on crowded lines.
The European Union permits passenger transport vehicles like double-deckers to be up to 4.5 meters high.
Answer: False
Explanation: The European Union's regulations permit a maximum height of 4.0 meters for passenger transport vehicles in categories M2 and M3, which includes double-decker buses.
The UK uses only one standard height for double-decker buses across all its regions.
Answer: False
Explanation: The United Kingdom employs multiple standards for double-decker bus heights, including highbridge, lowbridge, and 4-meter height coaches, to accommodate varying route requirements.
The maximum length for a rigid double-decker bus with three axles in the UK is 13.5 meters.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the UK, the maximum length for a rigid double-decker bus with three axles is 15 meters, while a two-axle rigid bus has a maximum length of 13.5 meters.
Articulated double-decker buses in the UK are shorter than rigid double-decker buses.
Answer: False
Explanation: Articulated double-decker buses in the UK are permitted to be longer, with a maximum length of 18.65 meters, compared to the maximum length of 15 meters for rigid double-decker buses.
What is the maximum vehicle height permitted within the European Union for passenger transport vehicles like double-deckers?
Answer: 4.0 meters
Explanation: Within the European Union, the maximum permitted height for motor vehicles in categories M2 and M3, which includes double-deckers, is 4.0 meters.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three standards for double-decker buses mentioned in the United Kingdom?
Answer: Mid-height buses
Explanation: The three standards mentioned for double-decker buses in the UK are highbridge, lowbridge, and 4-meter height coaches. 'Mid-height buses' is not listed as one of these distinct standards.
What is the maximum length permitted for a rigid double-decker bus with two axles in the UK?
Answer: 13.5 meters
Explanation: The maximum length permitted for a rigid double-decker bus with two axles in the UK is 13.5 meters.
What is the legal length limit for double-decker buses in Hong Kong?
Answer: 12.8 meters
Explanation: By law, double-decker buses operating in Hong Kong are restricted to a maximum length of 12.8 meters.
What is the maximum height limit for vehicles in Japan, which affects the design of double-decker buses primarily used for inter-city travel?
Answer: 3.8 meters
Explanation: Japanese law imposes a maximum vehicle height limit of 3.8 meters, which influences the design of double-decker buses intended for inter-city travel within the country.
The AEC Routemaster was retired from general service in London in 2005 due to its outdated design and high maintenance costs.
Answer: False
Explanation: The primary reason for the AEC Routemaster's retirement from general service in London in 2005 was its difficulty in accommodating passengers with disabilities, rather than solely outdated design or high maintenance costs.
London introduced its first all-electric double-decker buses in 2015.
Answer: True
Explanation: London introduced its first all-electric double-decker buses in October 2015, following the earlier introduction of hybrid models.
Since 1970, Copenhagen has primarily used double-decker buses manufactured by Volvo.
Answer: False
Explanation: Since 1970, Copenhagen has utilized double-decker buses from various manufacturers, including Leyland, MAN, and Volvo, not exclusively Volvo.
The Fiat 412 Aerfer was a common model for double-decker buses in Italian cities during the 1980s.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Fiat 412 Aerfer was a common model for double-decker buses in Italian cities during the 1960s and 1970s, not the 1980s. It was succeeded by the Fiat 413 Viberti Monotral CV61.
The Macedonian government purchased 217 Yutong City Master double-decker buses for Skopje's local transport, each with a capacity of 100 passengers.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Macedonian government purchased 217 Yutong City Master double-decker buses for Skopje, but their capacity was 80 passengers each, not 100.
In 1965, Sweden purchased 50 Leyland Atlantean buses claimed to be the first double-deckers designed for single-person operation.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1965, Sweden acquired 50 Leyland Atlantean buses, which Leyland claimed were the first double-deckers designed for single-person operation.
What is a well-known example of a double-decker bus that gained popularity in Great Britain at the beginning of the 20th century?
Answer: The AEC Routemaster
Explanation: The AEC Routemaster is a well-known example of a double-decker bus that gained significant popularity in Great Britain, particularly associated with London's transport system.
What was the primary reason for the AEC Routemaster's retirement from general service in London in 2005?
Answer: Difficulty accommodating passengers with disabilities.
Explanation: The primary reason for the AEC Routemaster's retirement from general service in London in 2005 was its difficulty in accommodating passengers with disabilities, as mandated by evolving accessibility regulations.
When did London introduce its first all-electric double-decker buses?
Answer: 2015
Explanation: London introduced its first all-electric double-decker buses in October 2015.
Which of the following manufacturers' double-decker buses have been used in Copenhagen, Denmark, since 1970?
Answer: Leyland, MAN, and Volvo
Explanation: Since 1970, Copenhagen has utilized double-decker buses from manufacturers including Leyland, MAN, and Volvo.
What type of double-decker buses were purchased by the Macedonian government for Skopje's local transport, and what was their passenger capacity?
Answer: Yutong City Master buses with a capacity of 80 passengers.
Explanation: The Macedonian government purchased Yutong City Master double-decker buses for Skopje's local transport, each with a passenger capacity of 80.
Which of the following Indian cities has recently introduced electric double-decker buses manufactured by Switch Mobility?
Answer: Mumbai and Hyderabad
Explanation: Mumbai and Hyderabad are among the Indian cities that have recently introduced electric double-decker buses manufactured by Switch Mobility.
In early double-decker buses, the driver was responsible for collecting fares, while a conductor managed the doors.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to the statement, early double-decker buses typically featured a conductor responsible for fare collection and managing doors, while the driver operated separately. Modern buses often consolidate these roles.
Rear open platforms were discontinued on modern double-decker buses mainly to improve passenger comfort during long journeys.
Answer: False
Explanation: The discontinuation of rear open platforms on modern double-decker buses was primarily motivated by safety concerns, specifically to prevent passengers from falling off, rather than solely for passenger comfort during long journeys.
Heritage route 15H in London was discontinued in 2014.
Answer: False
Explanation: Heritage route 15H in London was discontinued in 2020, not 2014. Heritage route 9H had ceased operations earlier in 2014 due to low patronage and increased operating costs.
The RATP definitively abandoned double-decker buses in Paris in 1977 because they were too large for the city's narrow streets.
Answer: False
Explanation: The RATP abandoned double-decker buses in Paris in 1977 primarily because they were poorly suited to the city's network structure and traffic issues, not solely due to their size relative to narrow streets.
Why were rear open platforms, once popular with passengers, discontinued on modern double-decker buses?
Answer: For safety reasons, to prevent passengers from falling off.
Explanation: Rear open platforms were discontinued on modern double-decker buses primarily for safety reasons, to prevent passengers from falling off, rather than for reasons related to passenger comfort or journey duration.
Why did the RATP definitively abandon the use of double-decker buses in Paris in 1977?
Answer: They were found to be poorly suited to the city's network structure and traffic issues.
Explanation: The RATP definitively abandoned double-decker buses in Paris in 1977 because they were found to be poorly suited to the city's network structure and traffic issues, impacting operational efficiency.
The 'London Booster' sculpture, a double-decker bus replica, was created by Czech artist David Černý for the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'London Booster' sculpture by David Černý was presented during the 2012 Summer Olympics, not the 2016 Games.
The Knight Bus from the Harry Potter film 'Prisoner of Azkaban' is described as:
Answer: A triple-decker bus created by combining two buses and using magic.
Explanation: The Knight Bus from 'Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban' is depicted as a magical triple-decker bus, created by combining two buses.
What is the significance of the 'London Booster' sculpture mentioned in the 'In popular culture' section?
Answer: It was a moving sculpture of a double-decker bus performing push-ups, presented during the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Explanation: The 'London Booster' sculpture, created by David Černý for the 2012 Summer Olympics, was a moving replica of a double-decker bus performing push-ups.
What modification was made to a double-decker bus for the James Bond film 'Live and Let Die'?
Answer: Its top deck was sliced off and placed back on ball bearings to slide away.
Explanation: For the film 'Live and Let Die,' a double-decker bus had its top deck sliced off and placed on ball bearings, allowing it to slide away upon impact with a low bridge during a stunt.
What is the primary characteristic of the character Bulgy from 'Thomas & Friends' regarding transportation?
Answer: He strongly prefers roads over railways and promotes road travel.
Explanation: Bulgy, a character from 'Thomas & Friends,' is characterized by his strong preference for roads over railways and his advocacy for road travel.
What advantage do double-decker buses potentially offer cyclists compared to articulated buses?
Answer: They present less risk because their path is more stable than an articulated bus's tail swing.
Explanation: Double-decker buses may offer an advantage to cyclists as they present less risk due to their more stable path, unlike the potentially hazardous tail swing of articulated buses.
Common causes for double-decker buses colliding with low bridges include:
Answer: Incorrect turns, unfamiliar routes, or forgetting the vehicle's height.
Explanation: Collisions with low bridges often occur when drivers make incorrect turns, navigate unfamiliar routes, or fail to account for the vehicle's height.