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Edgar Fitzgerald Gordon was born in Bermuda and is recognized as the 'father of trade unionism' on the island.
Answer: False
Explanation: Edgar Fitzgerald Gordon was born in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, not Bermuda, although he is indeed recognized as the 'father of trade unionism' on the island.
Gordon pursued his medical studies at Oxford University, where he also became involved in pan-African politics.
Answer: False
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon pursued his medical studies at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, not Oxford University, where he also engaged in pan-African politics.
After qualifying as a doctor at age 23, Gordon first practiced medicine in Dominica before moving to Scotland.
Answer: False
Explanation: After qualifying as a doctor at age 23, Edgar F. Gordon first practiced medicine in Kingussie, Scotland, before returning to the Caribbean and working in Trinidad and Dominica.
Edgar F. Gordon moved to Bermuda in 1924 to fill a medical void and faced an 'impossible examination' from the local medical board.
Answer: True
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon moved to Bermuda in 1924 to address a medical need and was indeed challenged by an 'impossible examination' administered by the all-white local medical board.
Which of the following was NOT one of Edgar Fitzgerald Gordon's primary roles in Bermuda?
Answer: Educator
Explanation: Edgar Fitzgerald Gordon's primary roles in Bermuda included being a physician, parliamentarian, civil-rights activist, and labour leader, but the provided information does not identify him as primarily an educator.
When and where was Edgar Fitzgerald Gordon born?
Answer: March 20, 1895, in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Explanation: Edgar Fitzgerald Gordon was born on March 20, 1895, in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, as detailed in the biographical information.
Where did Edgar F. Gordon receive his early education?
Answer: Queen's Royal College (QRC)
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon received his early education at Queen's Royal College (QRC) in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, where he was noted as a brilliant scholar.
At what age did Edgar F. Gordon qualify as a doctor?
Answer: 23
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon qualified as a doctor at the age of 23 in 1918, marking the beginning of his medical career.
What challenge did Edgar F. Gordon face upon his arrival in Bermuda in 1924?
Answer: The all-white local medical board attempted to fail him with an 'impossible examination.'
Explanation: Upon his arrival in Bermuda in 1924, Edgar F. Gordon encountered a significant challenge when the all-white local medical board attempted to prevent him from practicing by administering an 'impossible examination'.
Gordon served as the president of the Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU) for a decade, from 1945 to 1955.
Answer: True
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon held the presidency of the Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU) for a ten-year period, from 1945 until his passing in 1955, a fact directly supported by the provided information.
The Bermuda Workers' Association (BWA) under Gordon's leadership primarily focused on advocating for universal adult suffrage.
Answer: False
Explanation: Under Edgar F. Gordon's leadership, the Bermuda Workers' Association (BWA) fought for a comprehensive set of objectives, including trade union rights, the removal of segregation, and universal adult suffrage, not solely focusing on the latter.
Under Edgar F. Gordon's leadership, the BWA's membership grew from 200 to 5,000 members in one year.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Bermuda Workers' Association (BWA) experienced substantial growth under Edgar F. Gordon's leadership, expanding its membership from 200 to 5,000 members within a single year, 1945.
The Bermuda Legislature passed the Trade Union and Disputes Act in 1946 to strengthen the BWA's ability to operate a newspaper and businesses.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Bermuda Legislature passed the Trade Union and Disputes Act in 1946 specifically to curb the Bermuda Workers' Association (BWA), making it illegal for unions to operate a newspaper or business, rather than strengthening their capabilities.
Gordon established the Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU) in 1946, and the BWA continued as its political arm.
Answer: True
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon did establish the Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU) in 1946, and the Bermuda Workers' Association (BWA) subsequently functioned as its political arm for a period.
What was the Bermuda Workers' Association (BWA) fighting for under Gordon's leadership?
Answer: Trade union rights, removal of segregation, and universal adult suffrage.
Explanation: Under Edgar F. Gordon's leadership, the Bermuda Workers' Association (BWA) actively campaigned for a comprehensive agenda that included trade union rights, the elimination of segregation, and the implementation of universal adult suffrage.
What legislative action did the Bermuda Legislature take in 1946 in response to the BWA's activities?
Answer: It passed the first Trade Union and Disputes Act, making it illegal for a union to have a newspaper or operate a business.
Explanation: In 1946, the Bermuda Legislature responded to the Bermuda Workers' Association's activities by passing the first Trade Union and Disputes Act, which aimed to restrict the union's operations by prohibiting it from having a newspaper or operating a business.
What organization did Edgar F. Gordon establish in 1946 after the restrictive legislation against the BWA?
Answer: The Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU)
Explanation: Following the enactment of restrictive legislation against the Bermuda Workers' Association (BWA) in 1946, Edgar F. Gordon established the Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU) as a new vehicle for the labour movement.
What was the initial membership of the Bermuda Workers' Association (BWA) before Edgar F. Gordon became its president in 1944?
Answer: 200 members
Explanation: Before Edgar F. Gordon assumed the presidency in 1944, the Bermuda Workers' Association (BWA) had an initial membership of 200 individuals.
Edgar F. Gordon changed his name to Mazumbo in 1947 as a protest against racial disrespect and to adopt a name belonging to his race.
Answer: True
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon changed his name to Mazumbo in 1947 as a direct protest against racial disrespect and to embrace a name that he felt belonged to his race, free from colonial associations.
During his visit to England, Gordon presented a petition with over 5,000 signatures to the British Prime Minister.
Answer: False
Explanation: During his visit to England, Edgar F. Gordon presented a petition with over 5,000 signatures to the British Colonial Secretary, not the Prime Minister.
The petition highlighted that Bermuda's voting system had remained unchanged since 1620, allowing property owners multiple votes.
Answer: True
Explanation: The petition presented by Edgar F. Gordon accurately highlighted that Bermuda's voting system, which allowed property owners to cast multiple votes, had remained unaltered since 1620.
The British Parliament refused Gordon's request for a Royal Commission but condemned discriminatory practices and recommended changes.
Answer: True
Explanation: While the British Parliament declined Edgar F. Gordon's request for a Royal Commission, it did condemn discriminatory practices in Bermuda and the Colonial Secretary subsequently recommended progressive changes.
A Joint Committee of the Bermuda Legislature recommended the early adoption of adult franchise in 1948.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 1948, a Joint Committee of the Bermuda Legislature recommended against the early adoption of adult franchise, asserting it would be 'prejudicial to the best interests of Bermuda,' contrary to the statement.
Gordon lost his House of Assembly seat in 1948 due to his controversial name change to Mazumbo.
Answer: False
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon lost his House of Assembly seat in the 1948 election primarily due to his preoccupation with a dock workers' dispute that year, which diverted his attention from parliamentary duties, rather than his name change to Mazumbo.
During Queen Elizabeth II's 1953 visit, Gordon exposed racial discrimination by leaking information about the guest list for a Government House garden party.
Answer: True
Explanation: During Queen Elizabeth II's 1953 visit to Bermuda, Edgar F. Gordon effectively exposed racial discrimination by leaking details of the racially imbalanced guest list for a Government House garden party to the British press.
British newspapers praised Bermuda's handling of the Queen's visit, despite Gordon's claims of discrimination.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to praising Bermuda's handling of the Queen's visit, British newspapers like the Daily Mirror and Daily Herald reported angry protests and condemned the 'colour bar' following Edgar F. Gordon's revelations of discrimination.
When did Edgar F. Gordon first win a seat in the Bermuda Parliament?
Answer: 1946
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon first secured a seat in the Bermuda Parliament in 1946, following previous unsuccessful attempts in 1933 and 1943.
Why did Edgar F. Gordon change his name to Mazumbo in 1947?
Answer: In protest against racial disrespect and to adopt a name belonging to his race.
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon changed his name to Mazumbo in 1947 as a profound act of protest against racial disrespect and to embrace a name that he identified as belonging to his own race, free from colonial connotations.
What was a key issue highlighted in the petition Gordon presented to the British Colonial Secretary regarding Bermuda's voting system?
Answer: Only seven percent of Bermuda's population could vote, and property owners had multiple votes.
Explanation: A central issue highlighted in Edgar F. Gordon's petition to the British Colonial Secretary was the severely restricted voting system in Bermuda, where only seven percent of the population could vote, and property owners were granted multiple votes.
How did the Joint Committee formed by the Bermuda Legislature respond to the Colonial Secretary's recommendations in 1948?
Answer: It recommended against changing the colony's Jim Crow laws, stating adult franchise would be prejudicial.
Explanation: In 1948, the Joint Committee of the Bermuda Legislature responded to the Colonial Secretary's recommendations by advising against altering the colony's Jim Crow laws, arguing that the early adoption of adult franchise would be detrimental to Bermuda's best interests.
What caused Edgar F. Gordon to lose his House of Assembly seat in the 1948 election?
Answer: His preoccupation with a dock workers' dispute.
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon's loss of his House of Assembly seat in the 1948 election was attributed to his extensive involvement in a dock workers' dispute that year, which limited his capacity for parliamentary duties.
How did Edgar F. Gordon draw international attention to Bermuda's racial inequality during Queen Elizabeth II's 1953 visit?
Answer: He leaked information to the British press about the disproportionately low number of black guests invited to a garden party.
Explanation: During Queen Elizabeth II's 1953 visit, Edgar F. Gordon garnered international attention for Bermuda's racial inequality by disclosing to the British press the stark racial imbalance in the guest list for a Government House garden party.
What was the symbolic outcome of Gordon's actions during the Queen's visit?
Answer: The Queen was photographed meeting a 'broadly smiling, tail-coated Dr. Gordon' amidst the controversy.
Explanation: A symbolic outcome of Edgar F. Gordon's actions during the Queen's visit was a photograph of the Queen meeting a 'broadly smiling, tail-coated Dr. Gordon,' a moment that captured the direct confrontation of racial issues amidst royal protocol.
What was the name of the document issued by the Colonial Secretary strongly recommending positive changes to Bermuda's discriminatory laws after Gordon's petition?
Answer: Command Paper 7093
Explanation: Following Edgar F. Gordon's petition, the Colonial Secretary issued Command Paper 7093, a document that strongly recommended positive and progressive changes to Bermuda's discriminatory laws.
What was Edgar F. Gordon's explanation for the name 'Gordon' painfully reminding him of a Scotsman?
Answer: A Scotsman in another age had compelled a grandmother of his to submit to his desires.
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon explained that the name 'Gordon' was a painful reminder of a Scotsman who, in a previous era, had compelled one of his grandmothers to submit to his desires, contributing to his decision to change his name.
Clara Marguerite Christian, Edgar F. Gordon's wife, completed her medical studies before abandoning her career to start a family.
Answer: False
Explanation: Clara Marguerite Christian, Edgar F. Gordon's wife, abandoned her medical studies to begin a family, a decision that displeased her father, indicating she did not complete them.
Gordon believed Bermuda would benefit from closer contact with West Indies cricket, and he championed cricketer Alma Hunt.
Answer: True
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon held a strong belief that Bermuda's cricket scene would gain from closer ties with West Indies cricket, and he actively supported Bermudian cricketer Alma Hunt in his aspirations.
Gordon was instrumental in bringing about the first West Indian cricket tour to Bermuda in 1939.
Answer: True
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon played a crucial role in organizing the inaugural West Indian cricket tour to Bermuda in 1939, marking a significant moment in the island's sporting history.
Edgar F. Gordon had five children with his first wife, Clara, all born in Bermuda.
Answer: False
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon had six children with his first wife, Clara, and while their second son was born in Bermuda, the information implies not all were born on the island.
Moira Stuart, a British broadcaster, is a granddaughter of Edgar F. Gordon.
Answer: True
Explanation: The British broadcaster Moira Stuart is indeed a granddaughter of Edgar F. Gordon, connecting his family legacy to international media.
Pamela F. Gordon, Edgar F. Gordon's daughter, became Bermuda's first female premier in 1997.
Answer: True
Explanation: Pamela F. Gordon, Edgar F. Gordon's daughter, made history in March 1997 by becoming Bermuda's youngest and first female premier.
What was Clara Marguerite Christian's connection to Edgar F. Gordon?
Answer: She was a fellow medical student whom he met and married at the University of Edinburgh.
Explanation: Clara Marguerite Christian was a fellow medical student whom Edgar F. Gordon met and married at the University of Edinburgh, establishing her connection to him.
What Bermudian cricketer did Gordon champion, who went to Trinidad for trial games in 1933?
Answer: Alma Hunt
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon championed Bermudian cricketer Alma Hunt, who traveled to Trinidad in 1933 to participate in trial games for the West Indies team.
What official cricket body did Edgar F. Gordon advocate for, which was formed in 1938?
Answer: The Bermuda Cricket Board of Control
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon advocated for the establishment of an official cricket body, leading to the formation of the Bermuda Cricket Board of Control in 1938.
How many children did Edgar F. Gordon have with his first wife, Clara?
Answer: Six
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon had six children with his first wife, Clara, contributing to his extensive family legacy.
Which of Edgar F. Gordon's children achieved significant political office as Bermuda's first female premier?
Answer: Pamela F. Gordon
Explanation: Pamela F. Gordon, Edgar F. Gordon's daughter, achieved significant political office by becoming Bermuda's first female premier in March 1997.
Edgar F. Gordon was posthumously honored as a National Hero of Bermuda in 2016 and received the Peace & Social Justice Award in 2011.
Answer: False
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon was posthumously honored as a National Hero of Bermuda in 2011 and received the Peace & Social Justice Award in 2016, not the other way around.
Edgar F. Gordon died at the age of 70 in 1955, and his funeral was a small private affair.
Answer: False
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon passed away at the age of 60 in 1955, and his funeral was a large public event attended by thousands, reflecting his significant impact on the community.
The Progressive Labour Party (PLP) was formed in 1963 as a direct political legacy of Gordon's labour movement.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Progressive Labour Party (PLP), established in 1963, emerged directly from the labour movement that Edgar F. Gordon had initiated and invigorated, with some founders identifying as 'Gordonites'.
A commemorative pack of postage stamps honoring Gordon was issued on May 1, 2000, alongside Sir Henry James Tucker and Gladys Misick Morrell.
Answer: True
Explanation: On May 1, 2000, a commemorative pack of postage stamps was indeed issued, honoring Edgar F. Gordon as one of Bermuda's 'Pioneers of Progress,' alongside Sir Henry James Tucker and Gladys Misick Morrell.
The Dr. E.F. Gordon Memorial Hall is located at the Bermuda Industrial Union building.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Dr. E.F. Gordon Memorial Hall is indeed located at the Bermuda Industrial Union building, serving as a lasting tribute to his contributions.
An annual Dr. E. F. Gordon Memorial Lecture was initiated by his daughter, Pamela F. Gordon.
Answer: False
Explanation: The annual Dr. E. F. Gordon Memorial Lecture was initiated by educator and author Dale Butler, not by his daughter, Pamela F. Gordon.
On National Heroes Day in 2011, Dr. Gordon was recognized as one of the architects of modern Bermuda.
Answer: True
Explanation: On Bermuda's National Heroes Day in June 2011, Dr. Edgar F. Gordon was indeed recognized as one of the pivotal architects of modern Bermuda.
A mural featuring Gordon's portrait and the slogan 'United we stand, divided we fall' was installed at City Hall in 2015.
Answer: False
Explanation: A mural featuring Edgar F. Gordon's portrait and the slogan 'United we stand, divided we fall' was installed at the Bermuda Industrial Union headquarters in 2015, not at City Hall.
The Roman Catholic Church of Bermuda honored Edgar F. Gordon with the Peace & Social Justice Award in 2016 for his contributions to trade unionism and workers' rights.
Answer: True
Explanation: In October 2016, the Roman Catholic Church of Bermuda did honor Edgar F. Gordon with the Peace & Social Justice Award for his significant contributions to trade unionism and the advancement of workers' rights.
When and where did Edgar F. Gordon pass away?
Answer: April 20, 1955, at King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, Bermuda
Explanation: Edgar F. Gordon passed away on April 20, 1955, at the King Edward VII Memorial Hospital in Bermuda, at the age of 60.
What political party was formed in 1963 as a direct legacy of Edgar F. Gordon's labour movement?
Answer: The Progressive Labour Party (PLP)
Explanation: The Progressive Labour Party (PLP) was established in 1963, directly emerging as the political arm of the labour movement that Edgar F. Gordon had originally organized and inspired.
Which of the following facilities in Bermuda is NOT named after Dr. E. F. Gordon?
Answer: The Dr. E.F. Gordon National Library
Explanation: While the Dr. E. F. Gordon Ward, the Dr. E.F. Gordon Memorial Hall, and Dr. E.F. Gordon Square are named in his honor, the provided information does not mention a 'Dr. E.F. Gordon National Library'.
Who initiated the annual Dr. E. F. Gordon Memorial Lecture?
Answer: Dale Butler
Explanation: The annual Dr. E. F. Gordon Memorial Lecture was initiated by educator and author Dale Butler to commemorate Edgar F. Gordon's legacy.
On Bermuda's National Heroes Day in June 2011, Dr. Gordon was hailed as one of the architects of modern Bermuda alongside whom?
Answer: Dr. Pauulu Kamarakafego and Sir Henry 'Jack' Tucker
Explanation: On Bermuda's National Heroes Day in June 2011, Dr. Edgar F. Gordon was recognized as one of the architects of modern Bermuda, alongside Dr. Pauulu Kamarakafego and Sir Henry 'Jack' Tucker.
What artistic tribute featuring Gordon's portrait and the slogan 'United we stand, divided we fall' was installed at the Bermuda Industrial Union headquarters in 2015?
Answer: A mural
Explanation: In 2015, a mural featuring Edgar F. Gordon's portrait and the slogan 'United we stand, divided we fall' was installed at the Bermuda Industrial Union headquarters as an artistic tribute to his legacy.
What recognition did the Roman Catholic Church of Bermuda bestow upon Edgar F. Gordon in October 2016?
Answer: The Peace & Social Justice Award 2016
Explanation: In October 2016, the Roman Catholic Church of Bermuda honored Edgar F. Gordon with the Peace & Social Justice Award 2016, acknowledging his significant contributions to trade unionism and workers' rights.