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Educational attainment refers to the highest level of schooling an individual has completed.
Answer: True
Explanation: Educational attainment is defined as the highest level of formal education an individual has successfully completed.
Information on educational attainment has been collected in the U.S. decennial census continuously since 1910.
Answer: False
Explanation: The U.S. decennial census has collected information on educational attainment consistently since 1940, not 1910.
The U.S. Census Bureau changed its educational attainment question format in 1990 to ask about the highest degree received.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1990, the U.S. Census Bureau revised its educational attainment question from asking about the highest grade attended to inquiring about the highest degree received.
What does the term 'educational attainment' primarily refer to according to the provided text?
Answer: The highest level of education an individual has successfully completed.
Explanation: Educational attainment is defined as the highest level of schooling or degree an individual has successfully completed.
Since what year has the U.S. decennial census consistently collected information on educational attainment?
Answer: 1940
Explanation: The U.S. decennial census has consistently collected data on educational attainment since 1940.
How did the U.S. Census Bureau's educational attainment question change in 1990?
Answer: It shifted from asking about highest grade attended to highest degree received.
Explanation: In 1990, the U.S. Census Bureau's educational attainment question was modified to ask about the highest degree received, rather than the highest grade attended.
The U.S. population's educational attainment levels are significantly lower than those of most other industrialized nations.
Answer: False
Explanation: The educational attainment levels of the U.S. population are generally comparable to those of many other industrialized nations, with a high rate of secondary education completion and a growing number of college graduates.
Demographic factors such as race, age, and geographical location do not influence educational attainment levels in the U.S.
Answer: False
Explanation: Demographic factors including race, age, household configuration, and geographical location demonstrably influence educational attainment levels within the U.S. population.
In 2018, approximately 90% of U.S. adults aged 25 and over had completed at least high school or obtained a GED.
Answer: True
Explanation: Data from 2018 indicates that approximately 90% of U.S. adults aged 25 and older had achieved at least a high school diploma or a GED.
In 2018, only about 15% of U.S. adults aged 25 and over had attained at least a bachelor's degree.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 2018, the percentage of U.S. adults aged 25 and over who had attained at least a bachelor's degree was approximately 35%, representing an all-time high.
The percentage of Americans completing high school or obtaining a GED has decreased since 1983.
Answer: False
Explanation: The percentage of Americans completing high school or obtaining a GED has actually increased since 1983, rising from 85% to 90%.
The most significant gains in educational attainment in the U.S. occurred in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Answer: False
Explanation: The most substantial increases in educational attainment in the United States were documented during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.
Over the last fifty years, girls in the U.S. have consistently outperformed boys in academic measures.
Answer: False
Explanation: While there has been a fluctuating gap, recent data indicates that girls are now outperforming boys in classroom grades and college graduation rates, reversing earlier trends where boys led in some measures.
Recent data shows boys in the U.S. consistently achieve higher grades than girls across all subjects.
Answer: False
Explanation: Recent data indicates that girls are generally outperforming boys in classroom grades across various subjects.
In national assessments, boys consistently score lower than girls in reading and writing from 4th through 12th grade.
Answer: True
Explanation: Boys tend to score lower than girls in national assessments for reading and writing skills, a trend observed from the 4th through 12th grades.
In 2015/2016, women earned 53% of doctoral degrees in the U.S.
Answer: True
Explanation: In the 2015/2016 academic year, women earned 53% of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States.
Between 1990 and 2015, college enrollment for female students grew at a slower rate than for male students.
Answer: False
Explanation: Between 1990 and 2015, college enrollment for female students grew at a faster rate (53%) than for male students (41%).
The Southern United States consistently shows the highest levels of educational attainment compared to other U.S. regions.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Southern United States consistently reports the lowest educational attainment levels across all measured categories when compared to other U.S. regions.
Which demographic factors are mentioned in the source as influencing educational attainment levels in the U.S.?
Answer: Race, age, household configuration, and geographical location.
Explanation: The source identifies race, age, household configuration, and geographical location as demographic factors that influence educational attainment levels in the U.S.
According to 2018 data, what percentage of U.S. adults (25+) had completed at least high school or a GED?
Answer: Approximately 90%
Explanation: In 2018, approximately 90% of U.S. adults aged 25 and over had completed at least high school or obtained a GED.
What percentage of U.S. adults (25+) had achieved at least a bachelor's degree in 2018?
Answer: 35%
Explanation: In 2018, 35% of U.S. adults aged 25 and over had attained at least a bachelor's degree.
When did the most substantial increases in educational attainment occur in the United States?
Answer: 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s
Explanation: The most significant increases in educational attainment in the United States were documented during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.
How has the trend in academic performance generally shifted between boys and girls in the U.S. over recent years?
Answer: Girls are now outperforming boys in classroom grades and college graduation rates.
Explanation: Recent trends indicate that girls are increasingly outperforming boys in classroom grades and college graduation rates, although boys may still lead in certain standardized test scores.
Which group experienced a faster growth rate in college enrollment between 1990 and 2015?
Answer: Female students
Explanation: Between 1990 and 2015, college enrollment for female students grew at a faster rate (53%) compared to male students (41%).
Which U.S. geographic region reported the lowest educational attainment across all measured levels (high school, some college, college graduate)?
Answer: The South
Explanation: The Southern United States consistently reported the lowest educational attainment levels across all measured categories compared to other U.S. regions.
In 2015/2016, women earned a majority of which types of degrees in the U.S.?
Answer: Associate's, bachelor's, and master's degrees
Explanation: In the 2015/2016 academic year, women earned a majority of associate's, bachelor's, and master's degrees in the U.S.
Which region had the highest percentage of individuals with some college or an associate degree?
Answer: The West
Explanation: The Western U.S. region reported the highest percentage of individuals with some college education or an associate degree.
The U.S. Justice Department accused Yale University of discriminating against Hispanic applicants in 2020.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 2020, the U.S. Justice Department accused Yale University of discriminating against Asian American and white applicants, not Hispanic applicants.
The 'racial achievement gap' refers to differences in educational outcomes between different racial and ethnic groups in the U.S.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'racial achievement gap' is defined as the disparities in educational outcomes observed between various racial and ethnic groups within the United States.
In 2003, Asian Americans had a lower percentage of bachelor's degrees compared to non-Hispanic whites.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 2003, Asian Americans had a higher percentage (approximately 50%) of bachelor's degrees compared to non-Hispanic whites (approximately 30%).
In 2003, the high school graduation rate for Hispanics or Latinos was significantly higher than for other major racial and ethnic groups.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 2003, the high school graduation rate for Hispanics or Latinos was significantly lower (57%) than for other major racial and ethnic groups.
According to 2015 SAT data, Black Americans scored higher on the math section than Hispanic Latinos.
Answer: False
Explanation: Based on 2015 SAT math scores, Black Americans (428) scored lower than Hispanic Latinos (457).
The 'brain drain' phenomenon describes the emigration of less educated individuals from their home countries.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'brain drain' phenomenon refers to the emigration of highly educated individuals from their home countries, not less educated ones.
The U.S. Justice Department's 2020 argument against Yale University centered on allegations of discrimination against which applicant groups?
Answer: Asian American and white applicants
Explanation: In 2020, the U.S. Justice Department alleged that Yale University discriminated against Asian American and white applicants based on their race.
In 2003, how did the bachelor's degree attainment rate of Asian Americans compare to that of non-Hispanic whites?
Answer: Asian Americans had a higher rate (approx. 50%) compared to non-Hispanic whites (approx. 30%).
Explanation: In 2003, approximately 50% of Asian Americans held a bachelor's degree, compared to about 30% of non-Hispanic whites, indicating a higher attainment rate for Asian Americans.
What was the approximate high school graduation rate for Hispanics or Latinos in 2003?
Answer: 57%
Explanation: In 2003, the high school graduation rate for Hispanics or Latinos was approximately 57%, which was significantly lower than that of other major racial and ethnic groups.
Based on 2015 SAT math scores, which group had the lowest average score?
Answer: Black Americans
Explanation: According to 2015 SAT math scores, Black Americans had the lowest average score (428) among the listed racial groups.
The concept of 'brain drain' in the context of African immigrants refers to:
Answer: The emigration of highly educated individuals from their home country.
Explanation: The 'brain drain' phenomenon describes the emigration of highly educated and skilled individuals from their country of origin.
What is the primary reason suggested for the lower overall educational attainment statistics for the Hispanic population in the U.S.?
Answer: Significantly lower high school graduation rates among the foreign-born Hispanic population.
Explanation: The primary reason cited for the lower overall educational attainment among the Hispanic population is the significantly lower high school graduation rates within the foreign-born Hispanic segment.
In the United States, higher educational attainment is generally linked to lower household income and wealth.
Answer: False
Explanation: Conversely, higher educational attainment in the United States is generally correlated with higher household income and wealth.
The correlation between educational attainment and employment rates is stronger for men than for women.
Answer: False
Explanation: The correlation between educational attainment and employment rates is notably stronger for women than for men, indicating a more significant impact of education on women's employment.
Higher educational attainment in the U.S. is associated with lower median household wealth.
Answer: False
Explanation: Higher educational attainment in the U.S. is associated with higher median household wealth, indicating a positive correlation between education and economic prosperity.
In 2003, males aged 25 and over with an advanced degree earned a median income of over $90,000.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 2003, males aged 25 and over who held an advanced degree earned a median income of $90,761, exceeding $90,000.
The income difference between having some college/an associate degree and a bachelor's degree was less than $10,000 in 2003.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 2003, the income difference between those with some college/an associate degree ($31,046) and those with a bachelor's degree ($51,194) was over $20,000, significantly more than $10,000.
Professional and managerial fields are the only occupational sectors where college graduates with bachelor's degrees or higher form the majority of the workforce.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source indicates that professional and managerial fields are the sole occupational sectors where individuals holding a bachelor's degree or higher constitute the majority of the workforce.
The agriculture sector has the most educated labor force among U.S. occupational fields.
Answer: False
Explanation: The agriculture sector is identified as having the least educated labor force among U.S. occupational fields, with low percentages of high school graduates and even lower percentages of college graduates.
What is the general relationship between educational attainment and socioeconomic status in the U.S.?
Answer: Higher educational attainment typically correlates with higher household income and wealth.
Explanation: In the U.S., higher educational attainment is generally associated with higher socioeconomic status, indicated by increased household income and wealth.
In 2003, what was the approximate median individual income for males aged 25+ with an advanced degree?
Answer: $90,761
Explanation: In 2003, the median individual income for males aged 25 and over with an advanced degree was approximately $90,761.
Which occupational field is identified in the source as having the least educated labor force?
Answer: Agriculture
Explanation: The agriculture sector is identified as the occupational field with the least educated labor force, characterized by low percentages of high school and college graduates.
How does higher educational attainment generally relate to economic security in the U.S.?
Answer: It is crucial for achieving economic security and resilience against layoffs.
Explanation: Higher educational attainment is generally crucial for achieving economic security in the U.S., providing greater resilience against economic downturns and layoffs.
What does the source suggest about the correlation between educational attainment and employment rates for women?
Answer: It is stronger than for men, with a significant gap in employment rates between lower and higher education levels.
Explanation: The source suggests that the correlation between educational attainment and employment rates is stronger for women than for men, with a substantial difference in employment rates based on education level.
Annette Lareau's concept of 'concerted cultivation' describes a parenting style common among lower-class families that emphasizes unstructured leisure time.
Answer: False
Explanation: Annette Lareau's concept of 'concerted cultivation' describes a parenting style characteristic of middle-class families, emphasizing organized activities and structured development, contrasting with the parenting styles of lower- and working-class families.
Annette Lareau's concept of 'concerted cultivation' is associated with which social class's parenting style?
Answer: Middle class
Explanation: Annette Lareau's concept of 'concerted cultivation' describes the parenting style typically employed by middle-class families.
Randall Collins' concept of 'credentialism' suggests that educational institutions primarily function to:
Answer: Socialize students into middle-class values and sort them by credentials.
Explanation: Randall Collins' theory of 'credentialism' posits that educational institutions primarily serve to socialize students into middle-class values and to sort them based on acquired credentials.
Pierre Bourdieu argued that education contributes to social reproduction by valuing what type of capital?
Answer: Cultural capital
Explanation: Pierre Bourdieu argued that education contributes to social reproduction by valuing and rewarding the cultural capital possessed by students, particularly those from elite classes.
What is the significance of educational attainment as an indicator of social class in the U.S.?
Answer: It serves as a primary indicator, status symbol, and often a prerequisite for professional fields.
Explanation: Educational attainment is a significant indicator of social class in the U.S., functioning as a status symbol and frequently serving as a prerequisite for entry into professional fields.
According to a 2014 Pew study, Hindu adherents reported the highest percentage of college degrees among religious groups.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2014 Pew Religious Landscape Study found that Hindu adherents reported the highest percentage of college degrees among religious groups in the U.S.
According to the 2014 Pew Religious Landscape Study, which religious group had the highest percentage of college graduates?
Answer: Hindus
Explanation: The 2014 Pew Religious Landscape Study indicated that Hindu adherents reported the highest percentage of college graduates among religious groups in the U.S.
According to Evelyn L. Lehrer's research (based on 1987-88 data), which religious group reported the lowest educational attainment?
Answer: Fundamentalists
Explanation: Evelyn L. Lehrer's research indicated that Fundamentalists reported the lowest levels of educational attainment among the religious groups studied.