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Historical records indicate that Enrico Dandolo was born in Venice around 1107 and died in Constantinople in 1205.
Answer: False
Explanation: Enrico Dandolo's birth is recorded as occurring in Venice circa 1107. He passed away in Constantinople in May or June of 1205, having served as Doge until his final days.
Enrico Dandolo was a member of the prominent Dandolo family and had notable relatives documented in historical records.
Answer: False
Explanation: Enrico Dandolo belonged to the distinguished Dandolo family of Venice, which included notable figures such as his father, Vitale Dandolo, and his uncle, Enrico Dandolo, the Patriarch of Grado.
Enrico Dandolo remained under his father Vitale's legal authority, a status termed filial subjection, until Vitale's death in 1174, even though Enrico was approximately 67 years old at that juncture.
Answer: True
Explanation: Despite his advanced age, Enrico Dandolo was legally subject to his father, Vitale, until Vitale's death in 1174. This familial legal structure meant that official documents concerning business often bore the father's name.
During the Byzantine crisis of 1171-1172, Enrico Dandolo participated in a retaliatory expedition against the Byzantine Empire, rather than engaging solely in appeasement efforts.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Byzantine crisis of 1171-1172 saw Enrico Dandolo involved in a military expedition against the Byzantine Empire, a response to Emperor Manuel I Comnenus's actions against Venetians.
Under the Dogeship of Sebastiano Ziani, Enrico Dandolo's political career advanced significantly, marked by frequent diplomatic assignments to Constantinople and the court of King William II of Sicily.
Answer: True
Explanation: During Doge Sebastiano Ziani's tenure, Enrico Dandolo was a key diplomat, undertaking numerous missions to Constantinople and the Sicilian court, which bolstered his political standing.
Enrico Dandolo's diplomatic missions to Constantinople in 1183-1184 involved more than just trade agreements, including negotiations for reparations and the restoration of monastic lands.
Answer: False
Explanation: During his diplomatic voyages to Constantinople in 1183-1184, Enrico Dandolo engaged in multifaceted negotiations, addressing issues such as reparations for the Venetian quarter and the restitution of lands to monasteries.
Prior to Enrico Dandolo's 1183 voyage to Constantinople, his wife, Contessa, was formally delegated authority to manage his personal and commercial affairs.
Answer: True
Explanation: Before embarking on his 1183 voyage to Constantinople, Enrico Dandolo entrusted his wife, Contessa, with the authority to oversee his affairs, highlighting her significant role in managing his interests.
The Byzantine-Venetian crisis of 1171-1172 was primarily precipitated by Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus's actions threatening Venetian trade dominance, not by Venice seeking Genoese routes.
Answer: False
Explanation: The primary cause of the 1171-1172 crisis was Emperor Manuel I Comnenus's efforts to undermine Venetian trade privileges, leading to retaliatory actions by Venice.
Enrico Dandolo's extensive diplomatic experience prior to his election as Doge was a significant factor contributing to his rise to power.
Answer: False
Explanation: Doge Enrico Dandolo's prior diplomatic missions and political engagements were crucial elements that bolstered his reputation and candidacy, significantly contributing to his eventual election.
Based on available historical accounts, ascertain the place and approximate year of Enrico Dandolo's birth.
Answer: Venice, circa 1107
Explanation: Historical consensus places Enrico Dandolo's birth in Venice around the year 1107.
Regarding his father, Vitale, what unusual aspect of Enrico Dandolo's early life is documented?
Answer: He was legally under his father's authority until his father's death, despite being elderly.
Explanation: A notable aspect of Enrico Dandolo's early life was his prolonged legal subjection to his father, Vitale, which persisted until Vitale's death in 1174, even when Enrico was nearly 70 years old.
What was Enrico Dandolo's specific role during the Byzantine crisis of 1171-1172?
Answer: He led a retaliatory expedition against the Byzantine Empire.
Explanation: During the 1171-1172 Byzantine crisis, Enrico Dandolo participated in a retaliatory military expedition launched by Venice against the Byzantine Empire.
During the Byzantine-Venetian crisis of 1171-1172, Emperor Manuel I Comnenus enacted measures that threatened which fundamental aspect of Venetian power?
Answer: Its trade dominance.
Explanation: Emperor Manuel I Comnenus's actions during the 1171-1172 crisis were aimed at undermining Venice's crucial trade dominance within the Byzantine Empire.
How did Enrico Dandolo's political career develop during the Dogeship of Sebastiano Ziani?
Answer: He was frequently sent on important diplomatic missions.
Explanation: Under Doge Sebastiano Ziani, Enrico Dandolo's political career flourished as he was regularly dispatched on significant diplomatic missions, enhancing his experience and influence.
Enrico Dandolo was elected Doge of Venice on June 1, 1192, through an electoral process involving a council of forty electors.
Answer: True
Explanation: The election of Enrico Dandolo as Doge on June 1, 1192, utilized a council of forty electors, marking a structured method for selecting Venice's leader.
Contrary to the notion of youth and physical prowess, Enrico Dandolo became Doge at an advanced age and was blind.
Answer: False
Explanation: When Enrico Dandolo assumed the Dogeship, he was elderly and blind, a condition that belied his significant mental acuity and ambition.
Enrico Dandolo's promissione ducale holds historical importance as the earliest extant document that delineates the Doge's oath and responsibilities.
Answer: True
Explanation: The promissione ducale of Enrico Dandolo is a crucial historical artifact, representing the earliest surviving record that details the oath and duties incumbent upon the Doge of Venice.
Enrico Dandolo enacted a decree shortly after becoming Doge that mandated the departure of foreigners who had resided in Venice for less than two years.
Answer: False
Explanation: The decree issued by Doge Enrico Dandolo required foreigners residing in Venice for less than two years to leave the city, not those who had been there for over two years.
In 1193, Enrico Dandolo led a military campaign against Zara, resulting in Venice regaining control of nearby islands, though not the full recapture of Zara itself.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1193 campaign led by Enrico Dandolo against Zara resulted in Venice reasserting control over the islands of Pago, Ossero, and Arbe, but Zara itself was not fully recaptured at that time.
Enrico Dandolo's currency reform in 1194 introduced the Venetian *grosso*, a significant high-denomination coin minted from nearly pure silver.
Answer: True
Explanation: The currency reform enacted by Enrico Dandolo in 1194 included the introduction of the *grosso*, a coin notable for its high silver content and denomination, which became a key element of Mediterranean trade.
The Venetian *grosso*, introduced under Dandolo's Dogeship, was historically significant as the first high-denomination coin minted from nearly pure silver in Western Europe for many centuries.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *grosso* coin, introduced by Enrico Dandolo in 1194, marked a pivotal moment in European monetary history, being the first high-value, high-purity silver coin issued in the West in over five hundred years.
Regaining control over Zara was strategically vital for Venice, particularly for asserting its authority along the Dalmatian Coast, despite its prior rebellion.
Answer: False
Explanation: The strategic importance of Zara for Venice lay in its role as a key port on the Dalmatian Coast; thus, regaining control after its rebellion was a significant objective for Venetian maritime dominance.
Describe Enrico Dandolo's physical and mental condition upon his accession to the Dogeship.
Answer: Elderly, blind, but mentally sharp and ambitious.
Explanation: Upon becoming Doge, Enrico Dandolo was elderly and blind; however, he possessed remarkable mental acuity and a strong ambition that guided his leadership.
What is the historical significance of Enrico Dandolo's promissione ducale?
Answer: It outlined the Doge's duties and was the earliest such document available to historians.
Explanation: Enrico Dandolo's promissione ducale is historically significant because it is the earliest surviving document that details the oath and responsibilities of the Doge, providing invaluable insight into the office.
What was the stated purpose of the decree issued by Enrico Dandolo on August 16, 1192?
Answer: To require foreigners residing in Venice for less than two years to leave the city.
Explanation: The decree enacted by Enrico Dandolo on August 16, 1192, mandated that foreigners residing in Venice for a period shorter than two years must depart the city.
Following Enrico Dandolo's 1193 campaign against Zara, which nearby islands did Venice regain control of?
Answer: Pago, Ossero, and Arbe
Explanation: After the 1193 attack on Zara, Venice successfully reasserted control over the adjacent islands of Pago, Ossero, and Arbe.
What was the principal innovation associated with the Venetian *grosso* introduced in 1194 under Enrico Dandolo?
Answer: It was the first nearly pure silver, high-denomination coin minted in Western Europe in centuries.
Explanation: The Venetian *grosso*, introduced in 1194, represented a significant monetary innovation as it was the first high-denomination coin made of nearly pure silver minted in Western Europe in over five hundred years.
What was the strategic significance for Venice in its efforts to control Zara?
Answer: Controlling Zara was vital for asserting Venetian authority on the Dalmatian Coast.
Explanation: Venice sought control over Zara due to its strategic position on the Dalmatian Coast, essential for maintaining Venetian maritime dominance and regional authority.
Enrico Dandolo and the Republic of Venice played a central role in the Fourth Crusade, with Dandolo personally negotiating Venice's extensive participation, including the provision of a substantial fleet.
Answer: True
Explanation: Doge Enrico Dandolo was instrumental in shaping Venice's involvement in the Fourth Crusade, negotiating the terms for the city to supply the necessary fleet and provisions for the expedition.
The financial difficulties encountered by the Crusaders during the Fourth Crusade were not resolved by immediate full payment for the fleet.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Crusaders faced significant financial shortfalls in paying for the Venetian fleet. The issue was addressed through a loan from the Venetian state, contingent on future spoils, and a diversion to Zara.
Enrico Dandolo's personal decision to take the cross was a public and symbolic act that solidified the city's commitment to the Fourth Crusade.
Answer: False
Explanation: Doge Enrico Dandolo's personal decision to take the cross was a public and symbolic act that strongly influenced Venetian public opinion and solidified the city's commitment to the Fourth Crusade.
How did Enrico Dandolo facilitate Venice's substantial participation in the Fourth Crusade?
Answer: By negotiating the terms for Venice to provide a fleet and supplies.
Explanation: Enrico Dandolo played a crucial role in facilitating Venice's involvement in the Fourth Crusade by negotiating the complex terms under which the Republic would supply the necessary fleet and provisions.
What was the direct consequence of the financial difficulties faced by the Crusaders concerning their agreement with Venice?
Answer: Dandolo lent the outstanding amount from the Venetian state, contingent on future spoils.
Explanation: The Crusaders' inability to meet their financial obligations led Doge Dandolo to advance the outstanding sum from the Venetian state, stipulating repayment through future campaign spoils.
During the Sack of Constantinople in 1204, Enrico Dandolo oversaw the transfer of significant valuable artifacts, notably the Horses of St. Mark, to Venice.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the conquest of Constantinople, Enrico Dandolo directed the acquisition of numerous valuable items, including the renowned Horses of St. Mark, which were subsequently transported to Venice.
Enrico Dandolo refused the imperial title of the Latin Empire but accepted the significant honorific title of Despot.
Answer: False
Explanation: Although offered the imperial crown of the newly established Latin Empire, Enrico Dandolo refused it, opting instead to accept the title of Despot.
The territorial gains for Venice resulting from the Fourth Crusade amounted to control over three-eighths of the Byzantine Empire, not one-eighth.
Answer: False
Explanation: The partition of the Byzantine Empire following the Fourth Crusade granted Venice control over three-eighths of its territories, a significantly larger portion than one-eighth.
The 'Partitio Romaniae' formalized the division of the Byzantine Empire following its conquest, allocating three-eighths of its territories to Venice.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Partitio Romaniae' was the crucial agreement that delineated the spoils of the Byzantine Empire, assigning Venice a substantial portion equivalent to three-eighths of its former territories.
What notable action did Enrico Dandolo undertake during the Sack of Constantinople in 1204?
Answer: He ensured valuable items, like the Horses of St. Mark, were sent to Venice.
Explanation: During the Sack of Constantinople in 1204, Enrico Dandolo directed the acquisition and transfer of valuable artifacts, including the Horses of St. Mark, to Venice.
After declining the imperial crown, what title did Enrico Dandolo accept following the fall of Constantinople?
Answer: Despot of the Latin Empire
Explanation: Enrico Dandolo refused the imperial title of the Latin Empire but accepted the significant honorific title of Despot.
According to the 'Partitio Romaniae,' what proportion of the Byzantine Empire was allocated to Venice?
Answer: Three-eighths
Explanation: The 'Partitio Romaniae' stipulated that Venice would acquire three-eighths of the territories of the former Byzantine Empire.
What was the 'Partitio Romaniae'?
Answer: An agreement dividing the Byzantine Empire among the conquerors.
Explanation: The 'Partitio Romaniae' was the formal agreement established by the Crusaders and their allies for the division of the Byzantine Empire's territories following its conquest.
What specific territorial gains did Venice secure from the Byzantine Empire following the Fourth Crusade?
Answer: Key strategic locations including parts of Constantinople and Adrianople.
Explanation: As a consequence of the Fourth Crusade, Venice acquired strategically vital territories, including portions of Constantinople itself and the city of Adrianople, among other former Byzantine holdings.
Enrico Dandolo died in Constantinople in 1205, not in Venice, while still holding the office of Doge.
Answer: False
Explanation: Doge Enrico Dandolo's death occurred in Constantinople in May or June of 1205, during his tenure as Venice's leader.
Enrico Dandolo was buried in Constantinople, not St. Mark's Basilica in Venice, and the precise location of his original tomb is uncertain.
Answer: False
Explanation: Enrico Dandolo's burial took place in Constantinople, within the Hagia Sophia. While a cenotaph exists, the exact location of his original tomb is subject to historical debate and uncertainty.
There is no consistent agreement among historical accounts regarding the cause and timing of Enrico Dandolo's blindness, with differing theories existing about its origin.
Answer: False
Explanation: Historical narratives diverge on the cause of Enrico Dandolo's blindness; some attribute it to the Byzantine expedition of 1171-1172, while others propose it resulted from a head wound sustained later.
Enrico Dandolo's son, Ranieri, served as vice-doge and met his death during the conflict for Crete.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ranieri, son of Enrico Dandolo, held the position of vice-doge and was killed while engaged in the war for control of Crete.
In recognition of his historical significance, an Italian ironclad battleship was named the *Enrico Dandolo*.
Answer: True
Explanation: The legacy of Enrico Dandolo is honored in modern times through the naming of an Italian ironclad battleship, the *Enrico Dandolo*, in his memory.
Lord Byron's poem *Childe Harold's Pilgrimage* references Enrico Dandolo not as a young, sighted warrior, but as 'blind old Dandolo'.
Answer: False
Explanation: Lord Byron's invocation of Enrico Dandolo in *Childe Harold's Pilgrimage* refers to him as 'blind old Dandolo,' emphasizing his age and blindness, rather than portraying him as a young, sighted warrior.
In the video game *Civilization V: Brave New World*, Enrico Dandolo is depicted as the leader of the Venetian civilization, not the Byzantine.
Answer: False
Explanation: Within the context of *Civilization V: Brave New World*, Enrico Dandolo serves as the leader representing Venice, not the Byzantine civilization.
Dan Brown's novel *Inferno* references Enrico Dandolo in relation to his burial site within the Hagia Sophia.
Answer: True
Explanation: The novel *Inferno* by Dan Brown mentions Enrico Dandolo in connection with his burial site at the Hagia Sophia, integrating historical figures into its narrative.
A documentary released in 2021 proposed that a skeleton discovered beneath the cenotaph in the Hagia Sophia could potentially be Enrico Dandolo's.
Answer: True
Explanation: Recent research, including a 2021 documentary, has presented evidence suggesting that a skeleton found beneath Enrico Dandolo's cenotaph in the Hagia Sophia may indeed be his remains.
In which city did Enrico Dandolo pass away?
Answer: Constantinople
Explanation: Enrico Dandolo died in Constantinople in 1205, during his final years as Doge.
What aspect remains uncertain regarding Enrico Dandolo's original tomb?
Answer: Its exact location within the Hagia Sophia.
Explanation: While Enrico Dandolo was buried in the Hagia Sophia, the precise location of his original tomb is uncertain, with modern discoveries offering potential clues but no definitive confirmation.
Which historical interpretation posits that Enrico Dandolo's blindness stemmed from a head wound?
Answer: Thomas F. Madden
Explanation: Historian Thomas F. Madden proposed the theory that Enrico Dandolo's blindness was the result of a head wound sustained during his active career.
Identify Enrico Dandolo's granddaughter and her notable marriage.
Answer: Anna Dandolo, who married King Stefan Nemanjić of Serbia.
Explanation: Enrico Dandolo's granddaughter, Anna Dandolo, married King Stefan Nemanjić of Serbia, thereby connecting the Venetian Dandolo lineage to the prominent Serbian Nemanjić dynasty.
In what manner is Enrico Dandolo commemorated within the Italian Navy?
Answer: By naming an ironclad battleship the *Enrico Dandolo*.
Explanation: Enrico Dandolo is honored in the Italian Navy through the naming of an ironclad battleship, the *Enrico Dandolo*, in his remembrance.
How does Lord Byron invoke Enrico Dandolo in his poem *Childe Harold's Pilgrimage*?
Answer: As 'blind old Dandolo,' the conquering foe of Byzantium.
Explanation: Lord Byron references Enrico Dandolo in *Childe Harold's Pilgrimage* as 'blind old Dandolo,' highlighting his age, blindness, and role as a conqueror of Byzantium.
In which video game is Enrico Dandolo represented as the leader of Venice?
Answer: Civilization V: Brave New World
Explanation: Enrico Dandolo appears as the leader of the Venetian civilization in the strategy video game *Civilization V: Brave New World*.
What specific aspect concerning Enrico Dandolo's blindness is subject to historical debate?
Answer: The exact cause and timing of his blindness.
Explanation: Scholars continue to debate the precise cause and the exact timing of Enrico Dandolo's blindness, with various theories proposed based on available historical evidence.