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The term 'Eucharist' originates from a Greek word meaning 'thanksgiving'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The term 'Eucharist' derives from the Koine Greek word 'eucharistia,' signifying 'thanksgiving.' The statement correctly identifies the origin as Greek.
The term 'Lord's Supper' is derived from a Greek phrase used by the Apostle Paul in his First Epistle to the Corinthians.
Answer: True
Explanation: The term 'Lord's Supper' originates from the Greek phrase 'Kyriakon deipnon,' utilized by the Apostle Paul in his First Epistle to the Corinthians, not the Epistle to the Romans.
'Communion' signifies the shared participation in the body and blood of Christ, translating the Greek word 'koinonia'.
Answer: True
Explanation: 'Communion,' derived from the Latin 'communio,' reflects the Greek 'koinonia,' emphasizing the shared participation in Christ's body and blood.
Terms like 'Blessed Sacrament' and 'Sacrament of the Altar' are primarily used by Eastern Orthodox traditions to refer to the consecrated elements.
Answer: False
Explanation: Terms such as 'Blessed Sacrament' and 'Sacrament of the Altar' are predominantly used within Catholic, Lutheran, and some Anglo-Catholic traditions, not typically by Eastern Orthodox churches.
The term 'Mass' originates from a Latin phrase meaning 'it is finished,' signifying the completion of Christ's sacrifice.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'Mass' derives from the Latin 'missa,' originating from the concluding phrase 'Ite missa est,' meaning 'Go, it is sent,' signifying the congregation's dismissal and mission.
The term 'Divine Service' in Lutheran churches exclusively refers to the Eucharistic celebration.
Answer: False
Explanation: While 'Divine Service' (Gottesdienst) is used in Lutheran churches, it generally refers to Christian worship broadly, encompassing the Eucharistic celebration but not exclusively limited to it.
'Badarak' is a term used in Syriac Christianity to refer to the Eucharist.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'Badarak' is used in Armenian Rite traditions for the Eucharist. Syriac traditions typically use terms such as 'Holy Qurbana.'
Which Greek word, meaning 'thanksgiving,' is the origin of the term 'Eucharist'?
Answer: Eucharistia
Explanation: The term 'Eucharist' originates from the Koine Greek word 'eucharistia,' which translates to 'thanksgiving.'
The term 'Lord's Supper' is derived from a Greek phrase used by Paul in which New Testament book?
Answer: First Epistle to the Corinthians
Explanation: The term 'Lord's Supper' originates from the Greek phrase 'Kyriakon deipnon,' found in the Apostle Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians.
What does the term 'Communion' signify in relation to the Eucharist?
Answer: The shared participation in the body and blood of Christ
Explanation: 'Communion' signifies the shared participation in Christ's body and blood, derived from the Greek 'koinonia,' emphasizing fellowship and unity.
Terms like 'Blessed Sacrament' and 'Sacrament of the Altar' are commonly used by which group of traditions?
Answer: Catholics, Lutherans, and some Anglo-Catholic Anglicans
Explanation: The terms 'Blessed Sacrament' and 'Sacrament of the Altar' are predominantly employed within Catholic, Lutheran, and certain Anglo-Catholic Anglican circles.
The term 'Mass' originates from the Latin word 'missa,' derived from a phrase meaning:
Answer: Go, it is sent
Explanation: The term 'Mass' originates from the Latin 'missa,' derived from the concluding phrase 'Ite missa est,' meaning 'Go, it is sent.'
Which of the following is NOT a name used for the Eucharist in various Christian traditions according to the source?
Answer: The Holy Trinity
Explanation: The Holy Trinity refers to the Christian doctrine of God as three persons in one being, not a name for the Eucharist.
Which term is used in Syriac Christian traditions for the Eucharist?
Answer: Holy Qurbana
Explanation: Syriac Christian traditions commonly use the term 'Holy Qurbana' (or 'Qurbana Qaddisha') to refer to the Eucharist.
Which of the following is a term used in Armenian Rite traditions for the Eucharist?
Answer: Badarak
Explanation: In Armenian Rite traditions, the Eucharist is referred to as 'Badarak.'
Jesus Christ instituted the Eucharist during the Last Supper, instructing his disciples to perform the rite in remembrance of him.
Answer: True
Explanation: Christian tradition holds that Jesus instituted the Eucharist at the Last Supper, commanding his followers to commemorate his sacrifice through this rite.
The Synoptic Gospels and 1 Corinthians are the primary biblical accounts detailing the institution of the Eucharist by Jesus.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke (the Synoptics), along with Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians, provide the foundational accounts of Jesus instituting the Eucharist.
The Gospel of John explicitly describes Jesus taking bread and wine and calling them his body and blood during the Last Supper.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Gospel of John does not explicitly detail the institution of the Eucharist with bread and wine. Instead, it focuses on Jesus' footwashing and discourses, such as the 'Bread of Life Discourse.'
The Greek word 'anamnesis,' translated as 'remembrance,' signifies a passive recollection of Christ's sacrifice in Eucharistic theology.
Answer: False
Explanation: 'Anamnesis,' as used in Eucharistic contexts, signifies more than passive recollection; it implies an active making present or memorializing of Christ's sacrifice.
According to Christian belief, when was the Eucharist instituted by Jesus Christ?
Answer: At the Last Supper, the night before his crucifixion
Explanation: Christian tradition universally holds that Jesus instituted the Eucharist during the Last Supper, the evening preceding his crucifixion.
Which Gospel does not explicitly mention Jesus taking bread and wine as his body and blood during the Last Supper, but focuses on footwashing and discourses?
Answer: The Gospel of John
Explanation: The Gospel of John omits the explicit institution narrative of the Eucharist, focusing instead on Jesus' footwashing and the 'Bread of Life Discourse.'
The Greek word 'anamnesis,' used in relation to the Eucharist, signifies:
Answer: The active making present of Christ's sacrifice
Explanation: 'Anamnesis,' in the context of the Eucharist, denotes the active memorializing and making present of Christ's sacrifice, extending beyond mere remembrance.
What is the significance of the 'Paschal Mystery' in relation to the Eucharist?
Answer: It means the Eucharist commemorates Christ's suffering, death, and resurrection.
Explanation: The Eucharist is understood to commemorate Christ's Paschal Mystery, encompassing his suffering, death, and resurrection, thereby making present its salvific effects.
What is the theological significance of the 'Bread of Life Discourse' in the Gospel of John regarding the Eucharist?
Answer: It contains theological allusions to spiritual nourishment and unity with Christ.
Explanation: The 'Bread of Life Discourse' in John chapter 6 is interpreted as containing profound theological allusions to spiritual nourishment and intimate union with Christ, relevant to the Eucharist.
The Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation posits that the substance of bread and wine changes into the body and blood of Christ, while their outward appearances remain.
Answer: True
Explanation: Transubstantiation is the Catholic dogma asserting that the entire substance of the bread and wine is transformed into the substance of the body and blood of Christ, while the accidents (appearances) remain unchanged.
The Catholic Church views the Mass as a separate sacrifice from Christ's sacrifice on the cross, offered independently by priests.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Catholic Church teaches that the Mass makes present the one, eternal sacrifice of Christ on the cross, offered through the ministry of priests, rather than being a separate or independent sacrifice.
The Council of Trent definitively declared the Eucharistic change as 'consubstantiation' in 1551.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Council of Trent definitively declared the Eucharistic change as 'transubstantiation,' not 'consubstantiation.'
Eastern Orthodox churches believe an objective change occurs in the bread and wine into Christ's body and blood, often associating it with the epiclesis.
Answer: True
Explanation: Eastern Orthodox theology posits an objective change in the Eucharistic elements, often referred to as 'transelementation' or understood as a mystery, frequently associated with the epiclesis (invocation of the Holy Spirit).
Lutherans believe Christ is present 'in, with, and under' the bread and wine, a doctrine they call 'consubstantiation.'
Answer: False
Explanation: While Lutherans affirm Christ's presence 'in, with, and under' the elements (the doctrine of sacramental union), they explicitly reject the term 'consubstantiation' as it misrepresents their theological position.
Reformed Christians believe in a real spiritual presence of Christ in the Eucharist, mediated by the Holy Spirit.
Answer: True
Explanation: Reformed theology affirms a real spiritual presence of Christ in the Eucharist, understood as a work of the Holy Spirit that makes Christ truly available to the believer's faith.
The Council of Trent used the term 'transubstantiation' for the first time in its decrees on the Eucharist.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the Council of Trent (1551) definitively declared and affirmed the doctrine of transubstantiation, the term itself had been used earlier, notably by the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215.
'Concomitance' is a doctrine suggesting Christ is only present under the species of bread, not wine.
Answer: False
Explanation: 'Concomitance' is the doctrine that Christ is present whole and entire under both the species of bread and wine, meaning receiving either species conveys the full presence.
What is the Catholic doctrine concerning the change of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ?
Answer: Transubstantiation
Explanation: The Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation posits that the very substance of the bread and wine is converted into the body and blood of Christ.
How do Eastern Orthodox churches view the change that occurs in the Eucharistic elements?
Answer: An objective change, often considered a mystery
Explanation: Eastern Orthodox theology posits an objective change in the Eucharistic elements, often referred to as 'transelementation' or understood as a mystery, frequently associated with the epiclesis.
What is the Lutheran understanding of Christ's presence in the Eucharist, often described as 'in, with, and under' the elements?
Answer: Sacramental Union
Explanation: Lutherans describe Christ's presence 'in, with, and under' the elements as the 'sacramental union,' affirming a true and substantial presence.
The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) used which term to describe the change of bread and wine into Christ's body and blood?
Answer: Transubstantiation
Explanation: The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) employed the term 'transubstantiated' to describe the transformation of bread and wine into Christ's body and blood.
In the context of Eucharistic theology, what does 'concomitance' mean?
Answer: Christ is present whole and entire under both the species of bread and wine
Explanation: 'Concomitance' is the doctrine asserting that Christ's entire being is present under each Eucharistic species (bread and wine) individually.
How do Reformed Christians understand Christ's presence in the Eucharist?
Answer: A real spiritual presence mediated by the Holy Spirit
Explanation: Reformed theology posits a real spiritual presence of Christ in the Eucharist, effected by the Holy Spirit and received by faith.
The Council of Trent definitively defined the doctrine of ______ regarding the Eucharistic change in 1551.
Answer: Transubstantiation
Explanation: The Council of Trent definitively defined the doctrine of transubstantiation concerning the change of the Eucharistic elements.
What theological concept did the Catholic Church define at the Council of Trent regarding the Eucharistic change?
Answer: Transubstantiation
Explanation: The Council of Trent definitively defined the doctrine of transubstantiation concerning the transformation of the Eucharistic elements.
Early Christian practices sometimes linked the Eucharist with the Agape feast, a communal meal.
Answer: True
Explanation: In the early Church, the celebration of the Eucharist was often integrated with the Agape feast, a communal meal of fellowship.
The Didache, an early church treatise, provides instructions for the Eucharist and mentions it in chapters 9 and 14.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Didache, a significant early Christian document, contains instructions and references to the Eucharist, particularly in chapters 9 and 14.
Ignatius of Antioch referred to the Eucharist as 'the bread of life,' emphasizing its spiritual nourishment.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ignatius of Antioch referred to the Eucharist as 'the flesh of our Saviour Jesus Christ,' emphasizing its salvific and unifying aspects.
Justin Martyr described the Eucharist in the 2nd century as 'food which is blessed by the prayer of His word,' representing Christ's flesh and blood.
Answer: True
Explanation: Justin Martyr, in the 2nd century, provided one of the earliest detailed descriptions of the Eucharist, referring to the consecrated elements as the flesh and blood of Jesus.
Paschasius Radbertus, an 8th-century theologian, argued that the Eucharist contained only a symbolic representation of Christ's body.
Answer: False
Explanation: Paschasius Radbertus, an influential 9th-century theologian, argued for the literal presence of Christ's body in the Eucharist, asserting it contained the true, historical body.
In medieval times, Jews were sometimes depicted harming communion wafers, contributing to anti-Jewish ideology and violence.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical accounts indicate that depictions of Jews desecrating communion wafers were used in medieval times to fuel anti-Jewish sentiment and justify violence.
The 'Black Rubric' clarifies that Christ's presence in the Eucharist is corporeal, not spiritual.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Black Rubric' in Anglican tradition clarifies that Christ's presence in the Eucharist is spiritual, not corporeal or physical.
The Marburg Colloquy successfully unified Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli on their Eucharistic theology.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Marburg Colloquy (1529) highlighted fundamental disagreements between Luther and Zwingli regarding the nature of Christ's presence in the Eucharist, preventing theological unity.
What did Ignatius of Antioch refer to the Eucharist as?
Answer: The Flesh of our Saviour Jesus Christ
Explanation: Ignatius of Antioch referred to the Eucharist as 'the flesh of our Saviour Jesus Christ,' emphasizing its salvific nature.
Paschasius Radbertus, an 8th-century theologian, argued that the Eucharist contained:
Answer: The true, historical body of Jesus Christ
Explanation: Paschasius Radbertus argued that the Eucharist contained the true, historical body of Jesus Christ, asserting a literal presence.
What clarification did the 'Black Rubric' provide regarding Christ's presence in the Anglican Eucharist?
Answer: It clarified Christ's presence was spiritual, not corporeal.
Explanation: The 'Black Rubric' clarified that Christ's presence in the Eucharist is spiritual, explicitly stating it is not corporeal.
The Marburg Colloquy in 1529 was significant for highlighting disagreements between Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli concerning:
Answer: Christ's presence in the Eucharist
Explanation: The Marburg Colloquy was pivotal in revealing the theological divergence between Luther and Zwingli, particularly concerning the understanding of Christ's presence in the Eucharist.
What is the significance of the 'Mass of the Catechumens' in early Christian liturgy?
Answer: It included scripture readings and homilies, accessible to those undergoing instruction.
Explanation: The 'Mass of the Catechumens' constituted the initial portion of early Christian liturgies, featuring scripture readings and sermons, which catechumens could attend before being dismissed.
While most Christian denominations use wine for the Eucharist, some Protestant groups like Methodists and Baptists exclusively use non-alcoholic grape juice.
Answer: True
Explanation: Many Protestant denominations, including some Methodists and Baptists, opt for non-alcoholic grape juice in their Eucharistic celebrations, often reflecting temperance principles or broader inclusivity.
The phrase 'breaking of the bread' is exclusively used in modern Eucharistic practices by the Catholic Church.
Answer: False
Explanation: The phrase 'breaking of the bread' (klasis tou artou) appears in the New Testament and is used by various groups, including the Plymouth Brethren, not exclusively by the Catholic Church.
In Byzantine Rite traditions, the Eucharistic service is referred to as the 'Divine Liturgy.'
Answer: True
Explanation: Within Byzantine Rite traditions, the central Eucharistic worship service is indeed known as the 'Divine Liturgy.'
The term 'Viaticum' refers to the Eucharist received by a person who is dying or in danger of death.
Answer: True
Explanation: 'Viaticum' is the term used for the Eucharist administered to the dying or those facing imminent death, serving as spiritual provision for the journey.
The 'epiclesis' in Eastern Orthodox liturgy is a prayer asking for the Holy Spirit to consecrate the elements.
Answer: True
Explanation: The epiclesis is a crucial part of the Eucharistic prayer in Eastern Orthodox tradition, invoking the Holy Spirit to effect the consecration of the bread and wine.
The significance of leavened bread in the Eastern Orthodox Eucharist is that it symbolizes the unleavened bread of the Passover.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the Eastern Orthodox tradition, the use of leavened bread in the Eucharist symbolizes the presence of the Holy Spirit, contrasting with the unleavened bread often associated with the Passover meal in Western traditions.
Which group is mentioned in the source as using the phrase 'breaking of the bread' in modern practice?
Answer: Plymouth Brethren
Explanation: The Plymouth Brethren are cited as a group that uses the phrase 'breaking of the bread' in their modern Eucharistic practices.
In Byzantine Rite traditions, what is the Eucharistic service called?
Answer: The Divine Liturgy
Explanation: In Byzantine Rite traditions, the primary Eucharistic worship service is known as the 'Divine Liturgy.'
The term 'Viaticum' refers to the Eucharist administered:
Answer: To the dying or those in danger of death
Explanation: 'Viaticum' denotes the Eucharist given to individuals who are dying or facing mortal peril, serving as spiritual sustenance for their final journey.
The 'epiclesis' in Eastern Orthodox liturgy is a prayer invoking:
Answer: The Holy Spirit for consecration
Explanation: The epiclesis is a prayer within the Eastern Orthodox liturgy that invokes the Holy Spirit to consecrate the Eucharistic elements.
What is the significance of leavened bread in the Eastern Orthodox Eucharist according to the source?
Answer: It symbolizes the presence of the Holy Spirit.
Explanation: The use of leavened bread in the Eastern Orthodox Eucharist symbolizes the presence of the Holy Spirit.
What is the Catholic practice of exposing the Blessed Sacrament for adoration called?
Answer: Eucharistic Adoration
Explanation: The practice of exposing the Blessed Sacrament for public veneration is known as Eucharistic Adoration.
How do the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches differ regarding the bread used in the Eucharist?
Answer: Orthodox use leavened bread; Catholics traditionally use unleavened bread.
Explanation: The Eastern Orthodox Church utilizes leavened bread, symbolizing the Holy Spirit, while the Roman Catholic Church traditionally employs unleavened bread, often associated with the Passover.
Jehovah's Witnesses annually commemorate Christ's death on Nisan 14, referring to it as the 'Lord's Evening Meal.'
Answer: True
Explanation: Jehovah's Witnesses observe an annual commemoration of Christ's death on Nisan 14, which they term the 'Lord's Evening Meal' or 'Memorial.'
In Catholic theology, receiving the Eucharist in a state of mortal sin is considered a grave offense, requiring prior absolution.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Catholic Church teaches that receiving the Eucharist while consciously in a state of mortal sin constitutes sacrilege and necessitates prior sacramental absolution.
The Catholic Church views the Eucharist as the 'source and summit of the Christian life,' containing Christ himself.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Catholic Church identifies the Eucharist as the ultimate source and goal of Christian life, embodying the fullness of spiritual good, which is Christ Himself.
Which of the following denominations typically uses non-alcoholic grape juice instead of wine for the Eucharist?
Answer: Methodist Church
Explanation: Many Methodist denominations, aligning with historical temperance movements, utilize non-alcoholic grape juice for the Eucharist.
Which of the following denominations does *not* traditionally practice physical sacraments like the Eucharist?
Answer: The Salvation Army
Explanation: The Salvation Army historically eschews physical sacraments, including the Eucharist, emphasizing inward spiritual experience over outward ritual.
What is the Catholic Church's view on receiving the Eucharist while aware of being in a state of mortal sin?
Answer: It is considered sacrilege and requires prior absolution
Explanation: The Catholic Church regards receiving the Eucharist in a state of mortal sin as sacrilegious, mandating prior sacramental absolution.
Which of the following denominations practices weekly administration of the 'Sacrament' using bread and water?
Answer: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Explanation: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints administers its 'Sacrament' weekly, utilizing bread and water.
What is the Catholic Church's view on the Eucharist as the 'source and summit of the Christian life'?
Answer: It is the ultimate source and goal of Christian life, containing Christ himself.
Explanation: The Catholic Church regards the Eucharist as the principal source and ultimate goal of the Christian life, embodying Christ's presence and salvific grace.
How do Baptists vary in their views on the Eucharist?
Answer: Some hold to memorialism, others affirm a real spiritual presence, and practices vary regarding elements and openness.
Explanation: Baptist perspectives on the Eucharist exhibit diversity, ranging from memorialist views to affirmations of a real spiritual presence, with variations in practices concerning elements and communion openness.
What is the Methodist understanding of Christ's presence in the Eucharist, reflecting covenant theology?
Answer: Christ is present with his worshipping people, giving himself as Lord and Saviour.
Explanation: Methodist theology, informed by covenant theology, understands Christ's presence in the Eucharist as being with the gathered worshippers, offering Himself as Lord and Savior.