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Eucla is geographically recognized as the westernmost locality in Western Australia, situated in the Kimberley region.
Answer: False
Explanation: Eucla is geographically recognized as the easternmost locality in Western Australia, not the westernmost, and is located in the Goldfields-Esperance region, not the Kimberley region.
The population of Eucla decreased from 53 in 2016 to 37 in 2021, according to Australian census data.
Answer: True
Explanation: Australian census data indicates a population of 53 in 2016 and 37 in 2021, confirming a decrease.
Eucla's unique elevated position allows it to be the only location along the Eyre Highway in Western Australia with a direct view of the Great Australian Bight.
Answer: True
Explanation: Eucla's elevated position adjacent to the Eucla Pass provides it with the unique distinction of being the only location along the Eyre Highway in Western Australia offering a direct view of the Great Australian Bight.
In 1898, Eucla's population was predominantly female, with 82 females and 14 males recorded.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 1898, Eucla's population was predominantly male, with 82 males and 14 females recorded, not the reverse.
Eucla has an elevation of 305 meters (93 feet) above sea level.
Answer: False
Explanation: Eucla has an elevation of 93 meters (305 feet) above sea level, not 305 meters (93 feet).
Eucla belongs to the Shire of Kalgoorlie local government area.
Answer: False
Explanation: Eucla belongs to the Shire of Dundas local government area, not the Shire of Kalgoorlie.
Eucla is located 1,434 kilometers (891 miles) west of Perth.
Answer: False
Explanation: Eucla is located 1,434 kilometers (891 miles) east of Perth, not west.
The distance of Eucla from the Western Australia-South Australia border is 7 miles (11 kilometers).
Answer: True
Explanation: Eucla is located 11 kilometers (7 miles) west of the Western Australia-South Australia border.
Eucla is situated 492 kilometers (306 miles) east of Ceduna, South Australia.
Answer: False
Explanation: Eucla is located 492 kilometers (306 miles) west of Ceduna, South Australia, not east.
Eucla is located 893 kilometers (555 miles) west of Kalgoorlie.
Answer: False
Explanation: Eucla is located 893 kilometers (555 miles) east of Kalgoorlie, not west.
Eucla falls under the O'Connor state electorate.
Answer: False
Explanation: Eucla falls under the Kalgoorlie state electorate, not the O'Connor state electorate. O'Connor is its federal division.
The total area covered by Eucla is approximately 1,928.6 square kilometers (4,995.1 square miles).
Answer: True
Explanation: The total area covered by Eucla is 4,995.1 square kilometers (1,928.6 square miles).
The postcode for Eucla is 6443.
Answer: True
Explanation: The postcode for Eucla is 6443.
Eucla is located 709 kilometers (441 miles) west of Norseman, Western Australia.
Answer: False
Explanation: Eucla is located 709 kilometers (441 miles) east of Norseman, Western Australia, not west.
Which of the following best describes Eucla's geographical location?
Answer: The easternmost locality in Western Australia, in the Goldfields-Esperance region.
Explanation: Eucla is the easternmost locality in Western Australia, situated in the Goldfields-Esperance region, along the Eyre Highway.
What was the population of Eucla according to the 2021 Australian census?
Answer: 37
Explanation: The 2021 Australian census recorded Eucla's population as 37 individuals.
What makes Eucla unique among Western Australian locations along the Eyre Highway regarding the Great Australian Bight?
Answer: It is the only location with a direct view of the Bight.
Explanation: Eucla's elevated position provides it with the unique distinction of being the only location along the Eyre Highway in Western Australia offering a direct view of the Great Australian Bight.
What is the elevation of Eucla?
Answer: 93 meters (305 feet)
Explanation: Eucla has an elevation of 93 meters (305 feet) above sea level.
Which local government area (LGA) does Eucla belong to?
Answer: Shire of Dundas
Explanation: Eucla is administratively part of the Shire of Dundas local government area.
What is the distance of Eucla from Perth?
Answer: 1,434 kilometers (891 miles) east
Explanation: Eucla is located 1,434 kilometers (891 miles) east of Perth.
How far is Eucla located west of the South Australian border?
Answer: 7 miles (11 kilometers)
Explanation: Eucla is located 11 kilometers (7 miles) west of the Western Australia-South Australia border.
What is the distance of Eucla from Kalgoorlie?
Answer: 893 kilometers (555 miles) east
Explanation: Eucla is located 893 kilometers (555 miles) east of Kalgoorlie.
What is the distance of Eucla from Ceduna, South Australia?
Answer: 492 kilometers (306 miles) west
Explanation: Eucla is located 492 kilometers (306 miles) west of Ceduna, South Australia.
Which federal division does Eucla belong to?
Answer: O'Connor
Explanation: Eucla belongs to the O'Connor federal division.
What was Eucla's population in 1898?
Answer: 96
Explanation: In 1898, Eucla's population was 96, consisting of 82 males and 14 females.
What is the total area covered by Eucla?
Answer: 4,995.1 square kilometers (1,928.6 square miles)
Explanation: The total area covered by Eucla is 4,995.1 square kilometers (1,928.6 square miles).
Which state electorate does Eucla fall under?
Answer: Kalgoorlie
Explanation: Eucla falls under the Kalgoorlie state electorate.
The name 'Eucla' is believed to have originated from a European explorer's surname, first used in the late 18th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The name 'Eucla' is believed to originate from an Aboriginal word, *Yinculyer*, not a European explorer's surname, and its European usage began before 1867.
The first European explorers to visit the Eucla area were John Forrest and John Baxter in 1870.
Answer: False
Explanation: Edward John Eyre and John Baxter were the first European explorers to visit Eucla in 1841, while John Forrest camped there in 1870.
A port at Eucla was declared in 1867 by the president of the Marine Board of South Australia, signifying its early maritime importance.
Answer: True
Explanation: A port at Eucla was indeed declared in 1867 by the president of the Marine Board of South Australia, highlighting its early strategic significance.
From what is the name 'Eucla' believed to have originated?
Answer: An Aboriginal word referring to the planet Venus.
Explanation: The name 'Eucla' is believed to originate from an Aboriginal word, *Yinculyer*, which one source suggests refers to the rising of the planet Venus.
Who were the first European explorers to visit the Eucla area?
Answer: Edward John Eyre and John Baxter
Explanation: Edward John Eyre and John Baxter were the first European explorers to visit the Eucla area in 1841.
When was a port declared at Eucla?
Answer: 1867
Explanation: A port at Eucla was declared in 1867 by the president of the Marine Board of South Australia.
Work on the telegraph line connecting Albany to Adelaide began in 1877, with Eucla serving as a minor relay point.
Answer: False
Explanation: Work on the telegraph line began in 1873, not 1877, and Eucla became one of the most important stations on the line, not a minor relay point.
The Eucla telegraph station was crucial for converting between American Morse code used in South Australia and Victoria, and international Morse code used in Western Australia.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Eucla telegraph station served a critical function as a conversion point due to the differing Morse code standards used in the eastern and western colonies.
Eucla was officially proclaimed a township in 1885 and reached its peak population in the 1950s.
Answer: False
Explanation: Eucla was proclaimed a township in 1885, but it reached its peak in the 1920s, not the 1950s.
The decline of the original Eucla telegraph station's importance was primarily due to the advent of wireless communication.
Answer: False
Explanation: The decline of the original Eucla telegraph station's importance was primarily due to the construction of a new telegraph line further north in 1929, alongside the Trans-Australian Railway.
A rabbit plague in the 1890s caused sand drifts that led to the abandonment of the original Eucla townsite.
Answer: True
Explanation: The rabbit plague in the 1890s led to the destabilization of dune vegetation, resulting in sand drifts that encroached upon and ultimately caused the abandonment of the original Eucla townsite.
The new Eucla townsite was established immediately adjacent to the abandoned original site, further down the escarpment.
Answer: False
Explanation: The new Eucla townsite was established approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) to the north of the original site, situated higher up on the escarpment, not immediately adjacent and further down.
The ruins of the original telegraph station in Eucla are now a local tourist attraction.
Answer: True
Explanation: The ruins of the original telegraph station in Eucla persist amidst the sand dunes and are recognized as a local tourist attraction.
The original Eucla townsite was abandoned in the 1920s due to the construction of a new railway line.
Answer: False
Explanation: The original Eucla townsite was abandoned in the 1890s due to sand drifts caused by a rabbit plague, not in the 1920s due to a new railway line.
A jetty and a tram line were built at Eucla to help offload supplies arriving by sea for the telegraph station and town.
Answer: True
Explanation: A jetty and a tram line were constructed at Eucla to facilitate the offloading of supplies that arrived by sea, supporting both the telegraph station and the town.
Many pioneer graves in Eucla had their headstones removed and displayed at the local museum due to encroaching sand dunes.
Answer: True
Explanation: Due to sand dune encroachment, some headstones and plaques from pioneer graves in Eucla were removed and are now displayed at the local museum.
What significant role did Eucla play when the telegraph line from Albany to Adelaide opened in 1877?
Answer: It became one of the most important stations on the line.
Explanation: When the telegraph line from Albany to Adelaide opened in 1877, Eucla became one of the most important stations on the line, serving as a manual repeater station.
Why was the Eucla telegraph station particularly important in terms of communication codes?
Answer: It served as a conversion point between American and International Morse code.
Explanation: The Eucla telegraph station was crucial as a conversion point due to the differing Morse code standards used by South Australia/Victoria (American Morse code) and Western Australia (International Morse code).
What infrastructure was constructed at Eucla to support the telegraph station and the town?
Answer: A jetty and a tram line.
Explanation: A jetty and a tram line were constructed at Eucla to facilitate the offloading of supplies that arrived by sea, supporting the telegraph station and the town.
When did Eucla officially become a township and reach its peak?
Answer: Proclaimed in 1885, peaked in the 1920s.
Explanation: Eucla was officially proclaimed a township in 1885 and subsequently reached its peak development in the 1920s.
What led to the decline of the original Eucla telegraph station's importance after its peak?
Answer: The construction of a new telegraph line further north.
Explanation: The decline of the original Eucla telegraph station's importance was primarily due to the construction of a new telegraph line in 1929, built further north alongside the Trans-Australian Railway.
What environmental event in the 1890s caused the abandonment of the original Eucla townsite?
Answer: A rabbit plague leading to sand encroachment.
Explanation: A rabbit plague in the 1890s consumed dune vegetation, destabilizing the sandhills and causing sand drifts that led to the abandonment of the original Eucla townsite.
Where was the new Eucla townsite established after the original was abandoned?
Answer: 4 kilometers north, higher up on the escarpment.
Explanation: The new Eucla townsite was established approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) to the north of the original, at a higher elevation on the escarpment.
What is the current status of the ruins of the original telegraph station in Eucla?
Answer: They stand amongst the sand dunes and serve as a tourist attraction.
Explanation: The ruins of the original telegraph station in Eucla remain standing amidst the sand dunes and function as a local tourist attraction.
What happened to the graves of pioneer farmers and telegraph operators in Eucla?
Answer: Some headstones and plaques were removed and are displayed at the museum.
Explanation: Due to encroaching sand dunes, some headstones and plaques from pioneer graves in Eucla were removed and are now displayed at the local museum.
Eucla experiences a semi-arid climate, but maintains high humidity due to its proximity to the ocean.
Answer: True
Explanation: Eucla's climate is semi-arid, yet it maintains relatively high humidity throughout the year due to oceanic moisture.
Summers in Eucla are typically hot and wet, with frequent thunderstorms.
Answer: False
Explanation: Summers in Eucla are characterized as warm and dry, not hot and wet with frequent thunderstorms.
Winters in Eucla are characterized by mild to cool temperatures and a peak in rainfall.
Answer: True
Explanation: Eucla's winters are indeed characterized by mild to cool temperatures and a peak in rainfall, as indicated by climate data.
The average annual rainfall in Eucla is concentrated heavily in the summer months.
Answer: False
Explanation: The average annual rainfall in Eucla is relatively evenly spread throughout the year, not concentrated heavily in the summer months.
The record highest temperature ever recorded in Eucla was 49.8 °C (122 °F) in December 2019.
Answer: True
Explanation: Eucla's record highest temperature was 49.8 °C (122 °F), recorded on 19 December 2019.
The average afternoon relative humidity in Eucla for January is higher than for August.
Answer: True
Explanation: The average afternoon relative humidity in Eucla for January is 62%, which is higher than the 53% recorded for August.
Eucla experiences an average of more than 60 precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) annually.
Answer: False
Explanation: Eucla experiences an average of 53.3 precipitation days (where rainfall is 1 mm or more) annually, which is less than 60 days.
According to climate data, October records the highest average precipitation in Eucla.
Answer: False
Explanation: According to climate data, June records the highest average precipitation in Eucla, while October records the lowest.
The average daily maximum temperature in Eucla for July is 18.7 °C (65.7 °F).
Answer: True
Explanation: The average daily maximum temperature in Eucla for July is indeed 18.7 °C (65.7 °F).
The mean maximum temperature for the entire year in Eucla, according to climate data, is 113.0 °F (45.0 °C).
Answer: True
Explanation: According to climate data, the mean maximum temperature for the entire year in Eucla is 45.0 °C (113.0 °F).
Eucla's average maximum temperatures during summer months range from 25 to 27 °C (77 to 81 °F).
Answer: True
Explanation: Average maximum temperatures in Eucla during the summer months (December to March) range from 25 to 27 °C (77 to 81 °F).
The lowest recorded temperature in Eucla was -2.2 °C (28 °F) in June 1936.
Answer: True
Explanation: The lowest recorded temperature in Eucla was -2.2 °C (28 °F), which occurred on 20 June 1936.
The mean minimum temperature for the entire year in Eucla, according to climate data, is 1.8 °C (35.2 °F).
Answer: True
Explanation: According to climate data, the mean minimum temperature for the entire year in Eucla is 1.8 °C (35.2 °F).
Hot northerly winds from the Great Victoria Desert can cause very hot days in Eucla during summer.
Answer: True
Explanation: Very hot days in Eucla during summer can occur when hot northerly winds blow from the Great Victoria Desert.
What type of climate does Eucla primarily experience?
Answer: Semi-arid climate with Mediterranean tendencies.
Explanation: Eucla experiences a semi-arid climate (BSk) with tendencies towards a Mediterranean climate (Csb).
How are summers generally characterized in Eucla?
Answer: Warm and dry, considered mild by outback standards.
Explanation: Summers in Eucla are typically warm and dry, considered mild by Australian outback standards, though very hot days can occur.
Why does Eucla maintain a relatively high humidity year-round despite its semi-desert classification?
Answer: Due to moisture received from the nearby ocean.
Explanation: Eucla maintains relatively high humidity year-round, despite its semi-desert classification, owing to moisture received from the nearby ocean.
What are the average maximum temperatures in Eucla during the summer months (December to March)?
Answer: 25 to 27 °C (77 to 81 °F)
Explanation: Average maximum temperatures in Eucla during the summer months (December to March) range from 25 to 27 °C (77 to 81 °F).
What was the record highest temperature ever recorded in Eucla?
Answer: 49.8 °C (122 °F)
Explanation: The record highest temperature ever recorded in Eucla was 49.8 °C (122 °F), on 19 December 2019.
What is the average afternoon relative humidity in Eucla for the month of January?
Answer: 62%
Explanation: The average afternoon relative humidity in Eucla for January is 62%.
What is the average number of precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) in Eucla annually?
Answer: 53.3 days
Explanation: Eucla experiences an average of 53.3 precipitation days (where rainfall is 1 mm or more) annually.
According to the climate data table, which month in Eucla records the highest average precipitation?
Answer: June
Explanation: According to the climate data table for Eucla, June records the highest average precipitation, totaling 32.8 millimeters (1.29 inches).
What is the average daily minimum temperature in Eucla for July?
Answer: 7.3 °C (45.1 °F)
Explanation: The average daily minimum temperature in Eucla for July is 7.3 °C (45.1 °F).
What is the mean maximum temperature for the entire year in Eucla, according to the climate data?
Answer: 45.0 °C (113.0 °F)
Explanation: According to climate data, the mean maximum temperature for the entire year in Eucla is 45.0 °C (113.0 °F).
What is the average annual rainfall in Eucla?
Answer: 320.1 millimeters (12.60 inches)
Explanation: The average annual rainfall in Eucla is 320.1 millimeters (12.60 inches).
What was the lowest recorded temperature in Eucla?
Answer: -2.2 °C (28 °F)
Explanation: The lowest recorded temperature in Eucla was -2.2 °C (28 °F), which occurred on 20 June 1936.
The 'Nullarbor Nymph' story, which gained worldwide media publicity in 1971, was a genuine account of a wild girl living with kangaroos.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Nullarbor Nymph' story, which gained worldwide media publicity in 1971, was later revealed to be a hoax created by Eucla residents.
Eucla serves as the largest stopping point for travelers along the Eyre Highway between Perth and Adelaide.
Answer: False
Explanation: Eucla serves as the largest stopping point for travelers along the Eyre Highway between Norseman and Penong, not between Perth and Adelaide.
The 'Travellers Cross' in Eucla is a monument dedicated to the early European explorers of the region.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Travellers Cross' in Eucla commemorates local residents who have passed away, not early European explorers.
Border Village, located 12 kilometers east of Eucla, functions as a quarantine checkpoint and provides roadhouse services.
Answer: True
Explanation: Border Village, situated 12 kilometers (7 miles) east of Eucla, serves as both a quarantine checkpoint for agricultural produce and a licensed roadhouse and caravan park.
Eucla and its surrounding areas officially observe the Central Western Time Zone of UTC+8:45, which is sanctioned by the Australian government.
Answer: False
Explanation: Eucla and its surrounding areas observe the unofficial Central Western Time Zone of UTC+8:45, which does not have official governmental sanction.
Greyhound Australia's Nullarbor service was closed in 2005 due to a decline in passenger numbers and rising fuel prices.
Answer: True
Explanation: Greyhound Australia ceased its Nullarbor service in October 2005, citing rising fuel prices and a decline in passenger numbers as the reasons.
The 'Nullarbor Nymph' hoax was created by residents of a nearby larger town to attract tourists to Eucla.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Nullarbor Nymph' hoax was created by the residents of the tiny settlement of Eucla itself, not by residents of a nearby larger town.
The major activities in the Eucla locality today are primarily mining and agriculture.
Answer: False
Explanation: The major activities in the Eucla locality today revolve around the services provided by its facilities, such as the hotel and restaurant, and also include fishing, not primarily mining and agriculture.
What was the 'Nullarbor Nymph' story, and who created it?
Answer: A hoax about a wild girl, created by Eucla residents.
Explanation: The 'Nullarbor Nymph' story was a hoax created by Eucla residents in 1971, falsely reporting a wild girl living with kangaroos.
What is Eucla's primary role for travelers along the Eyre Highway today?
Answer: The largest stopping point between Norseman and Penong.
Explanation: Eucla serves as the largest stopping point for travelers along the Eyre Highway between Norseman and Penong.
Which of the following facilities is NOT listed as being available in Eucla?
Answer: A hospital with emergency services.
Explanation: Eucla's listed facilities include a hotel and restaurant, a police station, a golf club, a museum, and a meteorological station, but not a hospital with emergency services.
What is the purpose of the 'Travellers Cross' in Eucla?
Answer: To commemorate local residents who have passed away.
Explanation: The 'Travellers Cross' in Eucla serves as a memorial commemorating deceased local residents.
Where is Border Village located in relation to Eucla?
Answer: 12 kilometers east of Eucla.
Explanation: Border Village is a South Australian settlement situated 12 kilometers (7 miles) east of Eucla.
Which unofficial time zone is observed in Eucla and its surrounding areas?
Answer: UTC+8:45 (Central Western Time Zone)
Explanation: Eucla and its surrounding areas observe the unofficial Central Western Time Zone of UTC+8:45.
What was the reason for Greyhound Australia's closure of their Nullarbor service in 2005?
Answer: Rising fuel prices and a decline in passenger numbers.
Explanation: Greyhound Australia terminated its Nullarbor service in October 2005 due to rising fuel prices and a decline in passenger numbers.