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Extremadura is a coastal autonomous community located in the central-western part of the Iberian Peninsula.
Answer: False
Explanation: Extremadura is explicitly described as a landlocked autonomous community, not a coastal one, situated in the central-western Iberian Peninsula.
The two largest provinces of Spain, Cáceres and Badajoz, together form the autonomous community of Extremadura.
Answer: True
Explanation: The autonomous community of Extremadura is indeed formed by the provinces of Cáceres and Badajoz, which are noted as the two largest provinces of Spain by area.
Extremadura shares its northern border exclusively with Portugal.
Answer: False
Explanation: Extremadura shares its western border with Portugal, while its northern border is with Castile and León.
Monfragüe was designated a National Park in 2007, highlighting Extremadura's significance for wildlife.
Answer: True
Explanation: Monfragüe, a major reserve in Extremadura, was indeed designated a National Park in 2007, underscoring the region's importance for wildlife.
Extremadura is the third largest Spanish autonomous community by area.
Answer: False
Explanation: With an area of 41,633 square kilometers, Extremadura is the fifth largest Spanish autonomous community, not the third.
The Tagus and Guadiana rivers cross Extremadura from east to west, defining three primary geographical areas.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Tagus and Guadiana rivers indeed traverse Extremadura from west to east, and in doing so, they delineate three distinct primary geographical areas.
The Alagón and Tiétar are notable left-bank tributaries of the Tagus River within Extremadura.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Alagón and Tiétar rivers are notable right-bank tributaries of the Tagus River, not left-bank tributaries.
The highest point in Extremadura is El Torreón, located in the Sistema Central, standing at 2,401 meters.
Answer: True
Explanation: El Torreón, also known as Calvitero, is indeed the highest point in Extremadura, located in the Sistema Central, with an elevation of 2,401 meters.
The Montes de Toledo system includes the Sierra de Tentudía, one of the main mountain ranges in Extremadura.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Sierra de Tentudía is located in the south of Extremadura, while the Sierra de San Pedro is part of the Montes de Toledo system, not Sierra de Tentudía.
Extremadura encompasses five distinct hydrographic basins, including the Douro and Guadalquivir.
Answer: False
Explanation: Extremadura encompasses four distinct hydrographic basins, not five, which include the Tagus, Guadiana, Guadalquivir, and Douro Basins.
The climate of Extremadura is generally colder than most of the Iberian Peninsula's interior, with rainfall concentrated in the summer months.
Answer: False
Explanation: Extremadura generally experiences warmer average annual temperatures than most of the Iberian Peninsula's interior, and rainfall is concentrated in the colder months, leading to dry, hot summers.
Which of the following best describes the geographical location of Extremadura within the Iberian Peninsula?
Answer: A landlocked autonomous community in the central-western part.
Explanation: Extremadura is a landlocked autonomous community located in the central-western part of the Iberian Peninsula.
What are the two largest provinces of Spain that constitute Extremadura?
Answer: Cáceres and Badajoz
Explanation: The autonomous community of Extremadura is formed by the two largest provinces of Spain: Cáceres and Badajoz.
Which country shares Extremadura's western border?
Answer: Portugal
Explanation: Extremadura shares its western border with Portugal.
What is the total area of Extremadura in square kilometers?
Answer: 41,633 square kilometers
Explanation: The total area of Extremadura is 41,633 square kilometers.
Which two major rivers cross Extremadura from east to west?
Answer: Tagus and Guadiana
Explanation: The Tagus and Guadiana rivers are the two major rivers that cross Extremadura, traversing the region from west to east.
Which of the following is a notable right-bank tributary of the Tagus River in Extremadura?
Answer: Alagón
Explanation: The Alagón is listed as a notable right-bank tributary of the Tagus River within Extremadura.
What is the highest point in Extremadura?
Answer: Calvitero
Explanation: The highest point in Extremadura is Calvitero, also known as El Torreón.
How many hydrographic basins are present in Extremadura?
Answer: Four
Explanation: Extremadura encompasses four distinct hydrographic basins.
What is the predominant climate classification for Extremadura, according to the Köppen system?
Answer: Hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa)
Explanation: The predominant climate classification for Extremadura, according to the Köppen system, is hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa).
During the Roman Empire, Mérida, the current capital of Extremadura, served as the capital of the province of Lusitania.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mérida, the present-day capital of Extremadura, was indeed the capital of the Roman province of Lusitania during the Roman Empire.
After the collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba, the territory of Extremadura primarily formed the Taifa of Seville.
Answer: False
Explanation: Following the collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba, the territory of Extremadura largely formed the Taifa of Badajoz, not the Taifa of Seville.
The Reconquista of Extremadura involved only the kingdoms of Castile and Portugal, with no involvement from León.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Reconquista of Extremadura involved the kingdoms of León, Castile, and Portugal, with León playing a significant role in key conquests.
By the late Middle Ages, military orders like Santiago and Alcántara controlled approximately half of Extremadura's territory.
Answer: True
Explanation: By the late Middle Ages, the territory of Extremadura was indeed divided, with the mayorazgos of the military orders of Santiago and Alcántara comprising about half of the region.
The concept of 'Extremadura' as a distinct region with shared government institutions solidified between the 15th and 16th centuries.
Answer: False
Explanation: While the concept of 'Extremadura' as a distinct region solidified between the 15th and 16th centuries, it still lacked shared government and administrative institutions at that time.
The Crown forcibly relocated approximately 11,000 Moriscos into Extremadura between 1570 and 1572.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the Alpujarras revolt, the Crown did forcibly relocate about 11,000 Moriscos into Extremadura between 1570 and 1572.
The Portuguese Restoration War (1640–1668) had a minimal impact on Extremadura due to its distance from the main conflict zones.
Answer: False
Explanation: Extremadura suffered greatly during the Portuguese Restoration War (1640–1668) due to its strategic border location, experiencing pillage, skirmishes, and destruction.
By the late 18th century, the Extremaduran countryside was experiencing a boom in crop production and a decline in cattle farming.
Answer: False
Explanation: By the late 18th century, the Extremaduran countryside was in a deep crisis, characterized by a diminishing share of land dedicated to crops and an expanding cattle sector.
The first international railway service in the Iberian Peninsula arrived in Badajoz from Elvas, Portugal, in September 1863.
Answer: True
Explanation: The first international railway service in the Iberian Peninsula did indeed arrive in Badajoz from Elvas, Portugal, in September 1863.
During the Spanish Civil War, Republican repression in Badajoz resulted in significantly more victims than Francoist repression.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the Spanish Civil War, Francoist repression in Badajoz resulted in approximately 12,000 executions, significantly more than the approximately 1,600 victims of Republican repression in the region.
The Francoist dictatorship's policies in Extremadura led to a massive rural flight after 1961, with nearly 40% of the population emigrating.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Francoist dictatorship's policies, despite agrarian reforms, coincided with a massive rural flight after 1961, leading to nearly 40% of Extremadura's population emigrating.
What was the historical status of the area of present-day Extremadura during the Roman Empire?
Answer: Part of Lusitania
Explanation: During the Roman Empire, the area of present-day Extremadura was part of the province of Lusitania.
After the collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba, what Taifa did the territory of Extremadura largely form?
Answer: Taifa of Badajoz
Explanation: After the collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba, the territory of Extremadura largely formed the Taifa of Badajoz.
Which of the following Christian kingdoms was NOT mentioned as being involved in the Reconquista of Extremadura?
Answer: Aragon
Explanation: The kingdoms mentioned as involved in the Reconquista of Extremadura were León, Castile, and Portugal; Aragon was not mentioned.
By the late Middle Ages, approximately what proportion of Extremadura's territory was divided into mayorazgos of the military orders of Santiago and Alcántara?
Answer: About half
Explanation: By the late Middle Ages, approximately half of Extremadura's territory was divided into mayorazgos of the military orders of Santiago and Alcántara.
When did the Crown forcibly relocate approximately 11,000 Moriscos into Extremadura?
Answer: 1570-1572
Explanation: The Crown forcibly relocated approximately 11,000 Moriscos into Extremadura between 1570 and 1572.
What was a significant consequence for Extremadura during the Portuguese Restoration War (1640–1668)?
Answer: The establishment of the Captaincy General of Extremadura in Badajoz.
Explanation: A significant consequence for Extremadura during the Portuguese Restoration War was the consolidation of military influence with the establishment of the Captaincy General of Extremadura in Badajoz.
What characterized the Extremaduran countryside by the late 18th century?
Answer: A deep crisis with diminishing crops and an expanding cattle sector.
Explanation: By the late 18th century, the Extremaduran countryside was characterized by a deep crisis, including a diminishing share of land for crops and an expanding cattle sector.
When did the first international railway service in the Iberian Peninsula arrive in Badajoz from Elvas, Portugal?
Answer: September 1863
Explanation: The first international railway service in the Iberian Peninsula arrived in Badajoz from Elvas, Portugal, in September 1863.
During the Spanish Civil War, which province in Spain had the highest relative toll of Francoist repression victims, including around 12,000 executions?
Answer: Badajoz
Explanation: During the Spanish Civil War, Badajoz was the Spanish province with the highest relative toll of Francoist repression victims, including around 12,000 executions.
What was a significant demographic trend in Extremadura after 1961, during the Francoist dictatorship?
Answer: A massive rural flight, with nearly 40% of the population emigrating.
Explanation: After 1961, during the Francoist dictatorship, Extremadura experienced a massive rural flight, with nearly 40% of its population emigrating.
The current president of the Regional Government of Extremadura is a member of the Socialist Party.
Answer: False
Explanation: The current president of the Regional Government of Extremadura, Mari Guardiola, is a member of the People's Party, not the Socialist Party.
Extremadura's Statute of Autonomy was enshrined as Organic Law in 1982, following the establishment of a pre-autonomous government in 1978.
Answer: True
Explanation: Extremadura's pre-autonomous government was established in 1978, and its Statute of Autonomy was enshrined as Organic Law in 1982, officially enacted on February 26, 1983.
The Assembly of Extremadura is primarily responsible for appointing the President of the Junta of Extremadura from outside its members.
Answer: False
Explanation: The President of the Junta of Extremadura is elected by the legislature (the Assembly) from among its own members, not from outside its members.
The President of the Junta of Extremadura is the highest representative of Extremadura and also holds the ordinary representation of the State within the region.
Answer: True
Explanation: The President of the Junta of Extremadura serves as both the highest representative of Extremadura and holds the ordinary representation of the State within the region.
The Provincial Deputations of Badajoz and Cáceres have members directly elected by the general public.
Answer: False
Explanation: Members of the Provincial Deputations of Badajoz and Cáceres are indirectly elected from municipal councillors, not directly by the general public.
Who currently leads the regional government of Extremadura?
Answer: Mari Guardiola
Explanation: The regional government of Extremadura is currently led by Mari Guardiola.
In what year was Extremadura's Statute of Autonomy enshrined as Organic Law?
Answer: 1982
Explanation: Extremadura's Statute of Autonomy was enshrined as Organic Law in 1982, and officially enacted on February 26, 1983.
Which of the following is NOT a key function of the Assembly of Extremadura?
Answer: Directly electing municipal councillors.
Explanation: The Assembly of Extremadura's key functions include exercising legislative power, passing the regional budget, and designating senators, but not directly electing municipal councillors.
Who is responsible for directing and coordinating the actions of the Junta of Extremadura and serves as the highest representative of the region?
Answer: The President of the Junta of Extremadura.
Explanation: The President of the Junta of Extremadura is responsible for directing and coordinating the Junta's actions and serves as the highest representative of the region.
Badajoz is the capital city of Extremadura, while Mérida is its largest urban center.
Answer: False
Explanation: Mérida is the capital city of Extremadura, whereas Badajoz is its largest urban center.
The Day of Extremadura is celebrated on September 8th, coinciding with the Catholic festivity of Our Lady of Guadalupe.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Day of Extremadura is observed on September 8th, a date that aligns with the Catholic festivity of Our Lady of Guadalupe.
What is the capital city of Extremadura?
Answer: Mérida
Explanation: Mérida is the capital city of Extremadura.
The Day of Extremadura is celebrated on September 8th, coinciding with which Catholic festivity?
Answer: Our Lady of Guadalupe
Explanation: The Day of Extremadura, celebrated on September 8th, coincides with the Catholic festivity of Our Lady of Guadalupe.
Extremadura's role in Spain's energy transition is primarily due to its extensive coal reserves.
Answer: False
Explanation: Extremadura's prominence in Spain's energy transition is attributed to its substantial energy surplus and the presence of lithium deposits, not extensive coal reserves.
In 2018, Extremadura's GDP per capita was 67% of the EU27 average, making it the community with the lowest GDP per capita in Spain.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 2018, Extremadura's GDP per capita was 67% of the EU27 average, making it the community with the second lowest GDP per capita in Spain, just above Melilla.
Extremadura generally maintains a negative balance of trade, with exports primarily sent to non-EU destinations.
Answer: False
Explanation: Extremadura generally maintains a positive balance of trade, and while exports to non-EU destinations have increased, they are still primarily sent to the European market.
As of 2021, Extremadura is the leading European region for tobacco production.
Answer: True
Explanation: As of 2021, Extremadura is indeed the leading European region for tobacco production, generating about 98% of Spain's tobacco output.
The 'Pimentón de la Vera' PDO produced 3,860 tonnes of paprika in 2020, encompassing several comarcas.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Pimentón de la Vera' PDO, which covers several comarcas, produced 3,860 tonnes of paprika in 2020.
The Almaraz Nuclear Power Plant has three reactors, all of which began operation in the late 1990s.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Almaraz Nuclear Power Plant has two reactors, which began operation in 1981 and 1983, not three reactors in the late 1990s.
Extremadura is at the forefront of Spain's energy transition primarily due to which two factors?
Answer: Enormous energy surplus and the presence of lithium deposits.
Explanation: Extremadura's leadership in Spain's energy transition is primarily due to its enormous energy surplus and the presence of lithium deposits.
In 2018, Extremadura's GDP per capita, adjusted for purchasing power, was what percentage of the EU27 average?
Answer: 67%
Explanation: In 2018, Extremadura's GDP per capita, adjusted for purchasing power, was 67% of the EU27 average.
What is the primary product for which Black Iberian pigs are raised in Extremadura?
Answer: Cured ham, known as jamón ibérico.
Explanation: Black Iberian pigs in Extremadura are raised primarily for the production of cured ham, known as jamón ibérico.
As of 2021, what percentage of Spain's tobacco production is generated by Extremadura?
Answer: Approximately 98%
Explanation: As of 2021, Extremadura generates approximately 98% of Spain's tobacco production.
In 2017, what was the tomato production output in Extremadura?
Answer: 2,122,000 tonnes
Explanation: In 2017, Extremadura's tomato production output was 2,122,000 tonnes.
Which of the following is NOT a subregion of the Ribera del Guadiana Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) for wines?
Answer: La Vera
Explanation: The Ribera del Guadiana PDO for wines includes subregions such as Tierra de Barros, Matanegra, and Montánchez, but not La Vera.
As of 2021, Extremadura ranks as the second largest producer of which crop in Spain, after Andalusia?
Answer: Rice
Explanation: As of 2021, Extremadura ranks as the second largest producer of rice in Spain, after Andalusia.
What proportion of the value of Extremadura's regional industrial production is accounted for by the energy sector?
Answer: Approximately half
Explanation: The energy sector accounts for approximately half the value of Extremadura's regional industrial production.
Which company is NOT mentioned as primarily controlling installed hydroelectric power in Extremadura as of 2021?
Answer: Naturgy
Explanation: As of 2021, Endesa and Iberdrola primarily control installed hydroelectric power in Extremadura, with Grupo Pitarch playing a lesser role. Naturgy is not mentioned in this context.