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Fazlollah Zahedi was born in Tehran on May 17, 1892.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material indicates Fazlollah Zahedi was born in Hamadan, not Tehran.
Zahedi began his military career in the Iranian Cossack Brigade.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source material indicates that Fazlollah Zahedi commenced his military service in the Iranian Cossack Brigade.
During his early military service, Fazlollah Zahedi led troops against the Jangal movement in Gilan.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fazlollah Zahedi, as part of the Iranian Cossack Brigade, was involved in suppressing the Jangal movement in Gilan during his early military career.
Fazlollah Zahedi held the position of Chief of National Police under Reza Shah's rule in 1932.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the reign of Reza Shah, Fazlollah Zahedi occupied the significant position of Chief of National Police (Shahrbani) in 1932.
In which military unit did Fazlollah Zahedi begin his career?
Answer: The Iranian Cossack Brigade.
Explanation: Fazlollah Zahedi commenced his military career within the ranks of the Iranian Cossack Brigade.
Following Reza Shah's abdication in 1941, Fazlollah Zahedi was appointed as the commander of the Isfahan division.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1941, coinciding with Reza Shah's abdication, Fazlollah Zahedi was appointed as the commanding general of the Isfahan division.
British authorities interned Fazlollah Zahedi in Palestine due to suspicions of collaboration with German forces and hoarding essential goods.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following Reza Shah's abdication in 1941, British authorities interned Fazlollah Zahedi in Palestine due to suspicions of collaboration with German forces and his role as a significant grain-hoarder contributing to public discontent.
During Zahedi's arrest, Fitzroy Maclean discovered only military equipment and documents related to German agents.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the arrest of Fazlollah Zahedi, Fitzroy Maclean discovered a collection of German automatic weapons, opium, a register of prostitutes, silk underwear, and correspondence from a local German agent, not solely military equipment and documents.
Upon returning from internment in 1945, Zahedi was appointed Inspector of military forces in southern Iran.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following his return from internment in 1945, Fazlollah Zahedi was appointed as the Inspector of military forces in southern Iran.
Zahedi returned to his role as chief of national police in 1949 to help counter the influence of Sepahbod Haj Ali Razmara.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1949, Fazlollah Zahedi was reappointed as chief of national police (Shahrbani) with the strategic aim of countering the increasing influence of Sepahbod Haj Ali Razmara.
What was one of the primary reasons Fazlollah Zahedi was arrested and interned by the British after 1941?
Answer: Suspected collaboration with German forces and hoarding grain.
Explanation: Primary reasons for Fazlollah Zahedi's arrest and internment by British authorities after 1941 included suspicions of collaboration with German forces and his involvement in hoarding essential grain supplies.
What unusual items were discovered in Fazlollah Zahedi's bedroom during his arrest by Fitzroy Maclean?
Answer: A collection of German automatic weapons, opium, and a register of prostitutes.
Explanation: During his arrest by Fitzroy Maclean, Fazlollah Zahedi's bedroom yielded unusual items including a collection of German automatic weapons, opium, and a register of prostitutes.
After returning from internment, Zahedi was reappointed Chief of National Police (Shahrbani) in 1949 primarily to:
Answer: Counter the growing influence of Sepahbod Haj Ali Razmara.
Explanation: The reappointment of Zahedi as Chief of National Police (Shahrbani) in 1949 was strategically intended to counter the increasing influence of Sepahbod Haj Ali Razmara.
What does the term 'Shahrbani' refer to in the context of Fazlollah Zahedi's career?
Answer: The national police force.
Explanation: In the context of Fazlollah Zahedi's career, 'Shahrbani' denotes the national police force of Iran, a position he held twice.
Fazlollah Zahedi served as Minister of Interior under Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1951.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1951, Fazlollah Zahedi served as Minister of Interior, holding the position under both Prime Minister Hossein Ala' and subsequently Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh.
Zahedi initially supported the nationalization of Iran's oil industry under Prime Minister Mosaddegh.
Answer: True
Explanation: Contrary to strong opposition, Fazlollah Zahedi initially supported the Mosaddegh government's policy of nationalizing Iran's oil industry.
A key reason for Zahedi's falling out with Mosaddegh was Mosaddegh's increasing tolerance for the outlawed communist Tudeh party.
Answer: True
Explanation: A significant factor contributing to the divergence between Zahedi and Mosaddegh was Mosaddegh's perceived leniency towards the outlawed communist Tudeh party.
Zahedi was dismissed by Mosaddegh following a violent crackdown on pro-nationalization protesters in mid-1951.
Answer: True
Explanation: The violent crackdown on pro-nationalization protesters in mid-1951, in which Zahedi was involved, directly led to his dismissal from his position by Prime Minister Mosaddegh.
Fazlollah Zahedi briefly served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1953 under Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1953, Fazlollah Zahedi briefly held the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs under Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, serving from April 7 to April 29.
The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company is now known as BP (British Petroleum).
Answer: True
Explanation: The entity formerly known as the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company is presently recognized as BP (British Petroleum).
What was Fazlollah Zahedi's initial position on the nationalization of Iran's oil industry under Prime Minister Mosaddegh?
Answer: He supported the policy, aiming to bring resources under state control.
Explanation: Initially, Fazlollah Zahedi endorsed the nationalization of Iran's oil industry, a policy enacted by the Mosaddegh government to place these valuable resources under state control.
Which factor significantly contributed to the disagreement between Zahedi and Mosaddegh?
Answer: Mosaddegh's perceived leniency towards the outlawed Tudeh party.
Explanation: A significant factor contributing to the divergence between Zahedi and Mosaddegh was Mosaddegh's perceived leniency towards the outlawed communist Tudeh party.
What was the immediate consequence of the violent crackdown on pro-nationalization protesters in mid-1951, which involved Zahedi?
Answer: Zahedi was dismissed from his position by Prime Minister Mosaddegh.
Explanation: The violent crackdown on pro-nationalization protesters in mid-1951, in which Zahedi was involved, directly led to his dismissal from his position by Prime Minister Mosaddegh.
How did Western powers, particularly the UK and US, react to the nationalization of Iran's oil industry?
Answer: They imposed economic sanctions, significantly impacting Iran's exports.
Explanation: In response to the nationalization of Iran's oil industry, Western powers, notably the UK and US, imposed economic sanctions that severely curtailed the nation's oil exports.
What was the primary role of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company before its nationalization?
Answer: It controlled and operated Iran's oil industry.
Explanation: Prior to its nationalization, the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company's primary role was the control and operation of Iran's oil industry.
Who preceded Fazlollah Zahedi as Minister of Interior in 1951?
Answer: Hossein Ala'
Explanation: Hossein Ala' preceded Fazlollah Zahedi as Minister of Interior in 1951, with Zahedi succeeding him in that role.
The 1953 coup in Iran was primarily instigated by internal Iranian political factions with minimal foreign involvement.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1953 coup in Iran was significantly instigated and executed with substantial involvement from foreign intelligence agencies, namely the CIA and MI6.
Operation Ajax involved financing propaganda and paying provocateurs to incite riots as part of the 1953 coup effort.
Answer: True
Explanation: Operation Ajax, the codename for the 1953 Iranian coup, employed tactics such as financing propaganda and paying agent provocateurs to incite riots.
Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh was arrested on August 19, 1953, following the successful second coup attempt.
Answer: True
Explanation: On August 19, 1953, Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh was arrested at his residence by military units following the successful execution of the second coup attempt.
Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi fled Iran to Baghdad and then Rome after the initial failed coup attempt on August 15, 1953.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the initial failed coup attempt on August 15, 1953, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi initially fled Iran to Baghdad, subsequently proceeding to Rome.
Fazlollah Zahedi was chosen by the CIA and UK primarily because he had a history of opposing Mohammad Mosaddegh.
Answer: True
Explanation: A key factor in the CIA and UK's selection of Fazlollah Zahedi was his established history of opposition to Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh.
General Zahedi's cabinet, declared on August 20, 1953, included a significant number of army officers.
Answer: True
Explanation: The cabinet declared by General Zahedi on August 20, 1953, was notable for including a substantial proportion of army officers, constituting one-third of its members.
The decrees signed by the Shah in Rome appointing Zahedi as Prime Minister were made in accordance with the Iranian constitution.
Answer: True
Explanation: The decrees issued by the Shah from Rome, which appointed Zahedi as Prime Minister, were enacted in compliance with Article 46 of the Iranian constitution.
Who was Fazlollah Zahedi primarily known for being?
Answer: An Iranian military officer and statesman who replaced Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh via a coup.
Explanation: Fazlollah Zahedi was a prominent Iranian military officer and statesman, primarily known for his role in replacing Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh through a coup d'état.
The economic hardship faced by Iran leading up to the 1953 coup was largely a result of:
Answer: Sanctions imposed by Western powers limiting oil exports.
Explanation: The severe economic hardship experienced by Iran prior to the 1953 coup was primarily attributable to economic sanctions imposed by Western powers, which drastically curtailed the nation's oil exports.
What was the codename for the joint CIA and MI6 operation that orchestrated the 1953 Iranian coup?
Answer: Operation Ajax
Explanation: The joint CIA and MI6 operation responsible for orchestrating the 1953 Iranian coup d'état was codenamed Operation Ajax.
During the 1953 coup, where did Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi flee to after the initial failed attempt?
Answer: To Iraq and then Italy.
Explanation: Following the initial failed coup attempt in 1953, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi sought refuge first in Baghdad and subsequently in Rome.
Which of the following was a key reason cited by the CIA for selecting Fazlollah Zahedi to lead the post-coup government?
Answer: His history of opposing Mosaddegh and willingness to accept the position.
Explanation: Key reasons cited by the CIA for selecting Fazlollah Zahedi included his opposition to Mosaddegh, his significant domestic following, and his willingness to assume the premiership.
What distinguished the composition of General Zahedi's cabinet declared on August 20, 1953?
Answer: A significant portion (one-third) of the ministers were army officers.
Explanation: A distinguishing feature of General Zahedi's cabinet, declared on August 20, 1953, was that one-third of its members were drawn from the army's officer corps.
The decrees signed by the Shah while in Rome concerning the appointment of Zahedi were based on which constitutional principle?
Answer: Clause 46: The Shah's authority to appoint all ministers.
Explanation: The decrees appointing Zahedi, signed by the Shah in Rome, were based on Clause 46 of the Iranian constitution, which grants the Shah the authority to appoint all ministers.
What does the note regarding Zahedi's 'De Jure' appointment as Prime Minister imply?
Answer: His appointment was legally decreed by the Shah on August 13 but contested until after the coup.
Explanation: The note regarding Zahedi's 'De Jure' appointment implies that while his premiership was legally decreed by the Shah on August 13, 1953, it remained contested and unrecognized until after the coup on August 19, 1953.
Fazlollah Zahedi's term as Prime Minister concluded in April 1955.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fazlollah Zahedi's tenure as Prime Minister of Iran concluded in April 1955.
Fazlollah Zahedi's final official position was serving as Iran's Ambassador to the United Nations in Geneva.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fazlollah Zahedi's final official role was that of Iran's Ambassador to the United Nations, based in Geneva.
Fazlollah Zahedi died in Geneva, Switzerland, on September 2, 1963.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fazlollah Zahedi passed away on September 2, 1963, in Geneva, Switzerland, at the age of 71.
Fazlollah Zahedi's son, Ardeshir Zahedi, married Princess Shahnaz Pahlavi, the daughter of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ardeshir Zahedi, son of Fazlollah Zahedi, maintained a significant connection to the Pahlavi dynasty through his marriage to Princess Shahnaz Pahlavi, daughter of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Who succeeded Fazlollah Zahedi as Prime Minister of Iran in April 1955?
Answer: Hossein Ala'
Explanation: Hossein Ala' succeeded Fazlollah Zahedi as Prime Minister of Iran in April 1955.
What was Fazlollah Zahedi's final official post before his death?
Answer: Ambassador to the United Nations in Geneva
Explanation: Fazlollah Zahedi's final official role was serving as Iran's Ambassador to the United Nations, stationed in Geneva.
Fazlollah Zahedi's son, Ardeshir Zahedi, is notably connected to the Pahlavi dynasty through:
Answer: His marriage to Princess Shahnaz Pahlavi.
Explanation: Ardeshir Zahedi, son of Fazlollah Zahedi, maintained a significant connection to the Pahlavi dynasty through his marriage to Princess Shahnaz Pahlavi.
Fazlollah Zahedi's daughter, Homa Zahedi, held which significant political position?
Answer: Member of Parliament
Explanation: Fazlollah Zahedi's daughter, Homa Zahedi, held the significant political position of Member of Parliament, representing the Hamadan province.
Fazlollah Zahedi was a direct descendant of Sheikh Safi-ad-Din Ardabili, the founder of the Safavid dynasty.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fazlollah Zahedi's notable ancestry includes descent from Sheikh Safi-ad-Din Ardabili, the founder of the Safavid dynasty.
Fazlollah Zahedi achieved the rank of Lieutenant General in the Imperial Iranian Army.
Answer: True
Explanation: During his military career, Fazlollah Zahedi attained the rank of Lieutenant General within the Imperial Iranian Army.
Zahedi received the Order of Zolfaghar, one of Iran's highest military decorations.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fazlollah Zahedi was recognized with several distinguished awards, including the Order of Zolfaghar.
Which historical figures were Fazlollah Zahedi's ancestors or distant relatives?
Answer: Sheikh Zahed Gilani and Karim Khan Zand.
Explanation: Fazlollah Zahedi was a descendant of Sheikh Zahed Gilani and Sheikh Safi-ad-Din Ardabili, and through his mother, he was distantly related to Karim Khan Zand.
What military rank did Fazlollah Zahedi achieve during his career?
Answer: Lieutenant General
Explanation: During his military career, Fazlollah Zahedi attained the rank of Lieutenant General in the Imperial Iranian Army.
Fazlollah Zahedi's lineage connects him to which two significant historical Iranian dynasties or figures?
Answer: The Safavid dynasty and Karim Khan Zand.
Explanation: Fazlollah Zahedi's lineage connects him to the Safavid dynasty, through Sheikh Safi-ad-Din Ardabili, and to Karim Khan Zand.
Who was Fazlollah Zahedi's father-in-law?
Answer: Hossein Pirnia (Mo'tamen al Molk)
Explanation: Fazlollah Zahedi's father-in-law was Hossein Pirnia, who was also known by the title Mo'tamen al Molk.
Which of the following was NOT among the awards received by Fazlollah Zahedi?
Answer: Order of the Lion and Sun
Explanation: Among the awards received by Fazlollah Zahedi were the Order of Sepah, the Order of Merit, the Order of the Crown, and the Order of Zolfaghar. The Order of the Lion and Sun was not among them.
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