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February 18 Wiki2Web Clarity Challenge

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Study Guide: February 18th: A Chronicle of Global Historical Events and Cultural Observances

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February 18th: A Chronicle of Global Historical Events and Cultural Observances Study Guide

Ancient and Medieval History

The Kali Yuga, a significant epoch in Hinduism, is believed to have commenced on February 18, 3102 BC, with the birth of Krishna.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Kali Yuga is believed to have commenced on February 18, 3102 BC, with the *death* of Krishna, not his birth.

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Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, militarily conquered Jerusalem during the Sixth Crusade on February 18, 1229.

Answer: False

Explanation: Frederick II regained control of Jerusalem on February 18, 1229, through a diplomatic ten-year truce with al-Kamil, not through military conquest.

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The Battle of Wesenberg, fought on February 18, 1268, involved the Livonian Order, a branch of the Teutonic Knights.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Battle of Wesenberg on February 18, 1268, was indeed fought between the Livonian Order, a branch of the Teutonic Knights, and Dovmont of Pskov.

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Amda Seyon I, Emperor of Ethiopia, began military campaigns in the northern Muslim provinces on February 18, 1332.

Answer: False

Explanation: Amda Seyon I initiated his military campaigns in the *southern* Muslim provinces on February 18, 1332, not the northern ones.

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George, Duke of Clarence, was publicly executed for treason against Edward IV of England on February 18, 1478.

Answer: False

Explanation: George, Duke of Clarence, was executed in *private* at the Tower of London on February 18, 1478, not publicly.

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What event is said to have marked the beginning of the Kali Yuga on February 18, 3102 BC?

Answer: The death of Krishna

Explanation: The Kali Yuga is believed to have commenced on February 18, 3102 BC, with the death of Krishna.

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How did Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, regain control of Jerusalem on February 18, 1229?

Answer: By signing a ten-year truce with al-Kamil

Explanation: Frederick II regained control of Jerusalem on February 18, 1229, by signing a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, a diplomatic rather than military achievement.

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Which military order was the Livonian Order a branch of, as mentioned in the context of the Battle of Wesenberg on February 18, 1268?

Answer: The Teutonic Knights

Explanation: The Livonian Order, involved in the Battle of Wesenberg on February 18, 1268, was a branch of the Teutonic Knights.

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On February 18, 1332, Amda Seyon I, Emperor of Ethiopia, began military campaigns in which region?

Answer: Southern Muslim provinces

Explanation: Amda Seyon I, Emperor of Ethiopia, commenced military campaigns in the southern Muslim provinces on February 18, 1332.

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Where was George, Duke of Clarence, executed on February 18, 1478?

Answer: Tower of London

Explanation: George, Duke of Clarence, was executed at the Tower of London on February 18, 1478.

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Early Modern Era (17th-18th Centuries)

During the Eighty Years' War, a Spanish fleet destroyed or captured 20 Anglo-Dutch merchant vessels off Cornwall on February 18, 1637.

Answer: True

Explanation: On February 18, 1637, a Spanish fleet successfully intercepted an Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy off Cornwall, destroying or capturing 20 vessels during the Eighty Years' War.

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The first opera of any kind produced in North America was 'Flora, or Hob in the Well' in Charleston, South Carolina, on February 18, 1735.

Answer: True

Explanation: The ballad opera 'Flora, or Hob in the Well' holds the distinction of being the first opera produced in North America, premiering in Charleston, South Carolina, on February 18, 1735.

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Captain Thomas Shirley launched an expedition against French colonial outposts on the Gold Coast of Africa on February 18, 1781.

Answer: False

Explanation: Captain Thomas Shirley's expedition on February 18, 1781, was directed against *Dutch* colonial outposts on the Gold Coast of Africa, not French ones.

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Vermont was admitted to the Union as the first state after the original thirteen colonies on March 4, 1791, following a law passed by Congress on February 18, 1791.

Answer: True

Explanation: Congress passed a law on February 18, 1791, admitting Vermont to the Union, with its statehood becoming effective on March 4, 1791, making it the first state beyond the original thirteen.

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Sir Ralph Abercromby led a British fleet to invade Jamaica on February 18, 1797, during the French Revolutionary Wars.

Answer: False

Explanation: Sir Ralph Abercromby's British fleet invaded *Trinidad* on February 18, 1797, not Jamaica, during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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During the Eighty Years' War, a Spanish fleet intercepted an Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy off the coast of which English county on February 18, 1637?

Answer: Cornwall

Explanation: On February 18, 1637, a Spanish fleet intercepted an Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy off the coast of Cornwall, England, during the Eighty Years' War.

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What was the title of the first opera produced in North America on February 18, 1735?

Answer: Flora, or Hob in the Well

Explanation: 'Flora, or Hob in the Well' was the title of the first opera produced in North America, premiering on February 18, 1735.

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Captain Thomas Shirley launched an expedition against which colonial outposts on the Gold Coast of Africa on February 18, 1781?

Answer: Dutch

Explanation: Captain Thomas Shirley launched an expedition against Dutch colonial outposts on the Gold Coast of Africa on February 18, 1781.

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When did Vermont officially become a state of the Union, following the law passed by Congress on February 18, 1791?

Answer: March 4, 1791

Explanation: Vermont officially became a state of the Union on March 4, 1791, following the congressional act of February 18, 1791.

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Which island did Sir Ralph Abercromby and a British fleet invade on February 18, 1797, during the French Revolutionary Wars?

Answer: Trinidad

Explanation: Sir Ralph Abercromby and a British fleet invaded Trinidad on February 18, 1797, during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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19th Century Transformations

The Battle of Montereau, a key engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, occurred on February 18, 1814.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Battle of Montereau, a significant engagement during the Napoleonic Wars, indeed took place on February 18, 1814.

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Jefferson Davis was inaugurated as the provisional President of the Confederate States of America in Richmond, Virginia, on February 18, 1861.

Answer: False

Explanation: Jefferson Davis was inaugurated as the provisional President of the Confederate States of America in *Montgomery, Alabama*, on February 18, 1861, not Richmond, Virginia.

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Victor Emmanuel II assumed the title of King of Italy on February 18, 1861, as Italian unification neared completion.

Answer: True

Explanation: On February 18, 1861, Victor Emmanuel II assumed the title of King of Italy, a pivotal moment as the process of Italian unification approached its conclusion.

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Bulgarian revolutionary leader Vasil Levski was executed by firing squad in Sofia by the Ottoman authorities on February 18, 1873.

Answer: False

Explanation: Vasil Levski, the Bulgarian revolutionary leader, was executed by *hanging* in Sofia by the Ottoman authorities on February 18, 1873, not by firing squad.

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The Lincoln County War was sparked by the murder of John Tunstall by outlaw Jesse Evans on February 18, 1878.

Answer: True

Explanation: The murder of John Tunstall by Jesse Evans on February 18, 1878, is recognized as the catalyst for the Lincoln County War.

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Mark Twain's novel 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer' was published in the United States on February 18, 1885.

Answer: False

Explanation: Mark Twain's novel 'Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' was published in the United States on February 18, 1885, not 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer'.

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The Battle of Montereau, a significant engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, occurred on which date?

Answer: February 18, 1814

Explanation: The Battle of Montereau, a key engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, took place on February 18, 1814.

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In which city was Jefferson Davis inaugurated as the provisional President of the Confederate States of America on February 18, 1861?

Answer: Montgomery, Alabama

Explanation: Jefferson Davis was inaugurated as the provisional President of the Confederate States of America in Montgomery, Alabama, on February 18, 1861.

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What title did Victor Emmanuel II assume on February 18, 1861, marking a key step in Italian unification?

Answer: King of Italy

Explanation: Victor Emmanuel II assumed the title of King of Italy on February 18, 1861, a significant step in the process of Italian unification.

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How was Bulgarian revolutionary leader Vasil Levski executed by the Ottoman authorities on February 18, 1873?

Answer: By hanging

Explanation: Bulgarian revolutionary leader Vasil Levski was executed by hanging by the Ottoman authorities on February 18, 1873.

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The murder of which individual on February 18, 1878, sparked the Lincoln County War?

Answer: John Tunstall

Explanation: The Lincoln County War was sparked by the murder of John Tunstall on February 18, 1878.

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Which renowned novel by Mark Twain was published in the United States on February 18, 1885?

Answer: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Explanation: Mark Twain's renowned novel 'Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' was published in the United States on February 18, 1885.

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Early 20th Century (1900-1939)

Imperial forces suffered their worst single-day loss of life during the Second Boer War on 'Bloody Sunday,' the first day of the Battle of Paardeberg, on February 18, 1900.

Answer: True

Explanation: February 18, 1900, known as 'Bloody Sunday,' marked the first day of the Battle of Paardeberg and represented the worst single-day loss of life for Imperial forces during the Second Boer War.

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The Belgian Olympic Committee was formed in Paris on February 18, 1906, by Pierre de Coubertin.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Belgian Olympic Committee was formed in *Brussels* on February 18, 1906, by *Édouard de Laveleye*, not in Paris by Pierre de Coubertin.

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The first official airmail flight, delivering 6,500 letters, occurred on February 18, 1911, from Allahabad, British India.

Answer: True

Explanation: The first official airmail flight, which transported 6,500 letters, indeed took place on February 18, 1911, originating from Allahabad, British India.

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The Imperial German Navy instituted unrestricted submarine warfare in the North Sea on February 18, 1915.

Answer: False

Explanation: On February 18, 1915, the Imperial German Navy instituted unrestricted submarine warfare in the waters *around Great Britain and Ireland*, not specifically the North Sea.

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Clyde Tombaugh discovered Neptune on February 18, 1930, while studying photographs.

Answer: False

Explanation: Clyde Tombaugh discovered *Pluto* on February 18, 1930, not Neptune, while analyzing photographic plates.

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Elm Farm Ollie became the first cow to be milked in an aircraft on February 18, 1930.

Answer: True

Explanation: Elm Farm Ollie achieved the distinction of being the first cow to be milked in an aircraft, an event that occurred on February 18, 1930.

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The Empire of Japan created the independent state of Manzhouguo, installing former Chinese Emperor Aisin Gioro Puyi as its Chief Executive, on February 18, 1932.

Answer: True

Explanation: On February 18, 1932, the Empire of Japan established Manzhouguo as an independent state, with Aisin Gioro Puyi, the former Chinese Emperor, installed as its Chief Executive.

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The Nanking Safety Zone International Committee was renamed 'Nanking International Relief Committee' on February 18, 1938.

Answer: False

Explanation: On February 18, 1938, the Nanking Safety Zone International Committee was renamed the 'Nanking International *Rescue* Committee,' not 'Relief Committee'.

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What event on February 18, 1900, during the Second Boer War, resulted in Imperial forces' worst single-day loss of life?

Answer: Battle of Paardeberg (Bloody Sunday)

Explanation: The Battle of Paardeberg, specifically 'Bloody Sunday' on February 18, 1900, resulted in the Imperial forces' worst single-day loss of life during the Second Boer War.

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Who formed the Belgian Olympic Committee on February 18, 1906, in Brussels?

Answer: Édouard de Laveleye

Explanation: Édouard de Laveleye formed the Belgian Olympic Committee in Brussels on February 18, 1906.

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From which city did the first official airmail flight take place on February 18, 1911?

Answer: Allahabad, British India

Explanation: The first official airmail flight on February 18, 1911, originated from Allahabad, British India.

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What naval policy did the Imperial German Navy institute on February 18, 1915, during World War I?

Answer: Unrestricted submarine warfare

Explanation: On February 18, 1915, the Imperial German Navy instituted unrestricted submarine warfare during World War I.

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What astronomical body did Clyde Tombaugh discover on February 18, 1930?

Answer: Pluto

Explanation: Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto on February 18, 1930.

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What unusual feat did Elm Farm Ollie achieve on February 18, 1930?

Answer: Was the first cow to fly in a fixed-wing aircraft and be milked in one

Explanation: On February 18, 1930, Elm Farm Ollie became the first cow to both fly in a fixed-wing aircraft and be milked while airborne.

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On February 18, 1932, the Empire of Japan created the independent state of Manzhouguo, installing whom as its Chief Executive?

Answer: Aisin Gioro Puyi

Explanation: The Empire of Japan installed former Chinese Emperor Aisin Gioro Puyi as the Chief Executive of Manzhouguo on February 18, 1932.

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During the Nanking Massacre, what was the Nanking Safety Zone International Committee renamed on February 18, 1938?

Answer: Nanking International Rescue Committee

Explanation: On February 18, 1938, during the Nanking Massacre, the Nanking Safety Zone International Committee was renamed the 'Nanking International Rescue Committee'.

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Mid-20th Century (1940-1969)

The Sook Ching massacre, a systematic extermination of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese in Singapore, began on February 18, 1942.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Sook Ching massacre, a systematic extermination targeting Chinese in Singapore deemed hostile, commenced on February 18, 1942.

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The White Rose movement, a non-violent resistance group, was arrested by the Nazis on February 18, 1943.

Answer: True

Explanation: Members of the White Rose movement, a non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany, were indeed arrested by the Nazis on February 18, 1943.

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Joseph Goebbels delivered his 'Total War' speech on February 18, 1943, calling for complete mobilization.

Answer: False

Explanation: Joseph Goebbels delivered his 'Sportpalast' speech on February 18, 1943, which called for total war, but it is known by that specific name, not 'Total War' speech.

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Operation Encore, launched on February 18, 1945, by American and Brazilian troops, was a successful action in Northern Italy.

Answer: True

Explanation: Operation Encore, a successful limited action in Northern Italy, was launched by American and Brazilian troops on February 18, 1945.

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A significant mutiny involving 78 ships and 20,000 sailors of the Royal Indian Navy occurred in Calcutta harbour on February 18, 1946.

Answer: False

Explanation: The significant mutiny involving the Royal Indian Navy on February 18, 1946, occurred in *Bombay harbour*, not Calcutta harbour.

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The French gained complete control of Hanoi on February 18, 1947, during the First Indochina War, after forcing the Viet Minh to withdraw.

Answer: True

Explanation: On February 18, 1947, French forces successfully gained complete control of Hanoi during the First Indochina War, compelling the Viet Minh to retreat.

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The first Church of Scientology was established in New York City on February 18, 1954.

Answer: False

Explanation: The first Church of Scientology was established in *Los Angeles*, California, on February 18, 1954, not New York City.

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The Teapot test shot 'Wasp' was the final nuclear detonation in the Operation Teapot series on February 18, 1955.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Teapot test shot 'Wasp' on February 18, 1955, was the *first* nuclear detonation in the Operation Teapot series, not the final one.

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Kenyan rebel leader Dedan Kimathi was executed by the British colonial government on February 18, 1957.

Answer: True

Explanation: Dedan Kimathi, a prominent Kenyan rebel leader, was executed by the British colonial government on February 18, 1957.

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The Gambia achieved full independence from France on February 18, 1965.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Gambia gained full independence from the *United Kingdom* on February 18, 1965, not from France.

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What systematic extermination began on February 18, 1942, by the Imperial Japanese Army in Singapore?

Answer: The Sook Ching massacre

Explanation: The Sook Ching massacre, a systematic extermination of perceived hostile Chinese elements in Singapore, began on February 18, 1942.

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Which non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany had its members arrested by the Nazis on February 18, 1943?

Answer: The White Rose movement

Explanation: Members of the White Rose movement, a non-violent resistance group, were arrested by the Nazis on February 18, 1943.

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What was the name of the famous propaganda address delivered by Joseph Goebbels on February 18, 1943?

Answer: The 'Sportpalast' speech

Explanation: Joseph Goebbels delivered his famous 'Sportpalast' speech on February 18, 1943.

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Which two nations' troops launched Operation Encore in Northern Italy on February 18, 1945?

Answer: American and Brazilian

Explanation: American and Brazilian troops launched Operation Encore in Northern Italy on February 18, 1945.

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In which harbor did sailors of the Royal Indian Navy mutiny on February 18, 1946?

Answer: Bombay harbour

Explanation: Sailors of the Royal Indian Navy mutinied in Bombay harbour on February 18, 1946.

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What was the outcome of the Battle of Hanoi on February 18, 1947, during the First Indochina War?

Answer: The French gained complete control of Hanoi

Explanation: On February 18, 1947, the French gained complete control of Hanoi during the First Indochina War.

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Where was the first Church of Scientology established on February 18, 1954?

Answer: Los Angeles

Explanation: The first Church of Scientology was established in Los Angeles on February 18, 1954.

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What was the yield of the Teapot test shot 'Wasp' detonated on February 18, 1955?

Answer: 1.2 kilotons

Explanation: The Teapot test shot 'Wasp', detonated on February 18, 1955, had a yield of 1.2 kilotons.

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Who was the Kenyan rebel leader executed by the British colonial government on February 18, 1957?

Answer: Dedan Kimathi

Explanation: Kenyan rebel leader Dedan Kimathi was executed by the British colonial government on February 18, 1957.

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From which country did The Gambia gain independence on February 18, 1965?

Answer: United Kingdom

Explanation: The Gambia gained independence from the United Kingdom on February 18, 1965.

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Late 20th Century (1970-1999)

The Chicago Seven were found guilty of conspiring to incite riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention on February 18, 1970.

Answer: False

Explanation: On February 18, 1970, the Chicago Seven were found *not guilty* of conspiring to incite riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention.

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The California Supreme Court invalidated the state's death penalty in 'People v. Anderson' on February 18, 1972.

Answer: True

Explanation: In the case of 'People v. Anderson', the California Supreme Court invalidated the state's death penalty on February 18, 1972.

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The Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm fire, the deadliest fireworks accident globally, was caused by a firecracker igniting memorial wreaths for Mao Zedong on February 18, 1977.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm fire, which occurred on February 18, 1977, and resulted in 694 fatalities, was indeed caused by a firecracker igniting memorial wreaths for Mao Zedong.

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On February 18, 1977, a thousand armed soldiers raided the Kalakuta Republic, leading to the death of Fela Kuti.

Answer: False

Explanation: The raid on the Kalakuta Republic on February 18, 1977, led to the death of Fela Kuti's mother, *Funmilayo Anikulapo Kuti*, not Fela Kuti himself.

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The Space Shuttle Enterprise's maiden 'flight' on February 18, 1977, involved it being carried atop a Boeing 747 to test aerodynamic properties.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Space Shuttle Enterprise's initial 'flight' on February 18, 1977, was a captive-carry test atop a Boeing 747, designed to evaluate its aerodynamic characteristics and transport system.

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Richard Petty won his seventh Daytona 500 on February 18, 1979, after a crash involving other leaders.

Answer: False

Explanation: Richard Petty won his *sixth* Daytona 500 on February 18, 1979, setting a then-record, not his seventh.

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The Wah Mee massacre, considered the largest robbery-motivated mass-murder in U.S. history, occurred in Los Angeles on February 18, 1983.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Wah Mee massacre, the largest robbery-motivated mass murder in U.S. history, occurred in *Seattle*, Washington, on February 18, 1983, not Los Angeles.

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The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) exploded bombs at Paddington and Victoria stations in London on February 18, 1991.

Answer: True

Explanation: On February 18, 1991, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) carried out bomb attacks at Paddington and Victoria stations in London.

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What was the verdict for the Chicago Seven on February 18, 1970, regarding the charge of conspiring to incite riots?

Answer: Not guilty

Explanation: The Chicago Seven were found not guilty of conspiring to incite riots on February 18, 1970.

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In which case did the California Supreme Court invalidate the state's death penalty on February 18, 1972?

Answer: People v. Anderson

Explanation: The California Supreme Court invalidated the state's death penalty in the case of 'People v. Anderson' on February 18, 1972.

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What caused the Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm fire on February 18, 1977, which killed 694 personnel?

Answer: A firecracker igniting memorial wreaths for Mao Zedong

Explanation: The Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm fire on February 18, 1977, was caused by a firecracker igniting memorial wreaths for Mao Zedong.

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Whose death resulted from the raid on the Kalakuta Republic on February 18, 1977?

Answer: Funmilayo Anikulapo Kuti

Explanation: The raid on the Kalakuta Republic on February 18, 1977, resulted in the death of Funmilayo Anikulapo Kuti.

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What type of aircraft carried the Space Shuttle Enterprise on its maiden 'flight' on February 18, 1977?

Answer: Boeing 747

Explanation: The Space Shuttle Enterprise was carried atop a Boeing 747 for its maiden 'flight' on February 18, 1977.

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How many Daytona 500 races had Richard Petty won by February 18, 1979, setting a then-record?

Answer: Six

Explanation: By February 18, 1979, Richard Petty had won a then-record six Daytona 500 races.

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The Wah Mee massacre, the largest robbery-motivated mass-murder in U.S. history, occurred in which city on February 18, 1983?

Answer: Seattle

Explanation: The Wah Mee massacre, the largest robbery-motivated mass murder in U.S. history, occurred in Seattle on February 18, 1983.

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Which organization carried out bomb attacks at Paddington and Victoria stations in London on February 18, 1991?

Answer: Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA)

Explanation: The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) carried out bomb attacks at Paddington and Victoria stations in London on February 18, 1991.

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21st Century Global Events

FBI agent Robert Hanssen was arrested for spying for China on February 18, 2001.

Answer: False

Explanation: FBI agent Robert Hanssen was arrested on February 18, 2001, for spying for the *Soviet Union and Russia*, not China.

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The Sampit conflict, an inter-ethnic violence between Dayaks and Madurese in Indonesia, resulted in over 500 deaths and 100,000 displacements on February 18, 2001.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Sampit conflict, an inter-ethnic violence between Dayaks and Madurese, which began on February 18, 2001, resulted in over 500 deaths and 100,000 displacements.

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An arsonist setting fire to a subway train in Daegu, South Korea, caused 192 deaths on February 18, 2003.

Answer: True

Explanation: On February 18, 2003, an arsonist-set fire on a subway train in Daegu, South Korea, tragically resulted in 192 fatalities.

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A runaway freight train carrying sulfur, petrol, and fertilizer exploded near Tehran, Iran, on February 18, 2004, killing up to 295 people.

Answer: False

Explanation: The runaway freight train disaster on February 18, 2004, occurred near *Nishapur*, Iran, not Tehran.

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WikiLeaks published the first of hundreds of thousands of classified documents disclosed by Chelsea Manning on February 18, 2010.

Answer: True

Explanation: On February 18, 2010, WikiLeaks began publishing classified documents provided by Chelsea Manning, marking a significant event in information disclosure.

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Armed robbers stole diamonds worth $50 million from a vault at Brussels Airport on February 18, 2013.

Answer: False

Explanation: While armed robbers did steal diamonds worth $50 million during a raid at Brussels Airport on February 18, 2013, the provided information does not specify that the diamonds were stolen *from a vault*.

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Clashes between riot police and demonstrators in Kyiv, Ukraine, on February 18, 2014, resulted in at least 76 deaths.

Answer: True

Explanation: Clashes between riot police and demonstrators in Kyiv, Ukraine, on February 18, 2014, during the Euromaidan riots, indeed resulted in at least 76 fatalities.

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Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 3704 crashed in the Alborz Mountains on February 18, 2018, resulting in 66 deaths.

Answer: False

Explanation: Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 3704 crashed in the Dena sub-range of the *Zagros Mountains*, not the Alborz Mountains, on February 18, 2018.

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NASA's Mars 2020 mission successfully landed the Curiosity rover on Mars on February 18, 2021.

Answer: False

Explanation: NASA's Mars 2020 mission successfully landed the *Perseverance* rover on Mars on February 18, 2021, not the Curiosity rover.

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For spying for which country was FBI agent Robert Hanssen arrested on February 18, 2001?

Answer: Soviet Union

Explanation: FBI agent Robert Hanssen was arrested on February 18, 2001, for spying for the Soviet Union and later Russia.

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The Sampit conflict, an inter-ethnic violence on February 18, 2001, occurred between which two groups in Indonesia?

Answer: Dayaks and Madurese

Explanation: The Sampit conflict, an inter-ethnic violence that began on February 18, 2001, occurred between the Dayaks and Madurese in Indonesia.

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What caused the deaths of 192 people in Daegu, South Korea, on February 18, 2003?

Answer: A subway train fire set by an arsonist

Explanation: The deaths of 192 people in Daegu, South Korea, on February 18, 2003, were caused by a subway train fire set by an arsonist.

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Near which city in Iran did a runaway freight train carrying hazardous materials explode on February 18, 2004?

Answer: Nishapur

Explanation: A runaway freight train carrying hazardous materials exploded near Nishapur, Iran, on February 18, 2004.

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What organization published the first of hundreds of thousands of classified documents disclosed by Chelsea Manning on February 18, 2010?

Answer: WikiLeaks

Explanation: WikiLeaks published the first of Chelsea Manning's classified documents on February 18, 2010.

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What was stolen during a high-value robbery at Brussels Airport on February 18, 2013?

Answer: Diamonds

Explanation: Diamonds were stolen during a high-value robbery at Brussels Airport on February 18, 2013.

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How many people were killed in clashes between riot police and demonstrators in Kyiv, Ukraine, on February 18, 2014?

Answer: At least 76

Explanation: Clashes in Kyiv, Ukraine, on February 18, 2014, resulted in at least 76 deaths.

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In which mountain range did Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 3704 crash on February 18, 2018?

Answer: Zagros Mountains (Dena sub-range)

Explanation: Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 3704 crashed in the Dena sub-range of the Zagros Mountains on February 18, 2018.

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Which rover did NASA's Mars 2020 mission successfully land on Mars on February 18, 2021?

Answer: Perseverance

Explanation: NASA's Mars 2020 mission successfully landed the Perseverance rover on Mars on February 18, 2021.

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Calendar and Cultural Commemorations

February 18 marks the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, leaving 316 days remaining until the end of a non-leap year.

Answer: True

Explanation: The Gregorian calendar designates February 18 as the 49th day of the year, with 316 days remaining in a common year.

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Bernadette Soubirous is among the Christian feast days observed on February 18 in France.

Answer: True

Explanation: Bernadette Soubirous is indeed among the Christian feast days specifically observed on February 18 in France.

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The Gambia celebrates its Independence Day on February 18, commemorating its independence from the United States.

Answer: False

Explanation: The Gambia celebrates its Independence Day on February 18, commemorating its independence from the *United Kingdom*, not the United States.

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National Democracy Day in Nepal celebrates the 1951 overthrow of the monarchy on February 18.

Answer: False

Explanation: National Democracy Day in Nepal, celebrated on February 18, marks the 1951 overthrow of the *Rana dynasty*, as specified in the source, not simply 'the monarchy'.

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February 18 marks what day of the year in the Gregorian calendar?

Answer: 49th day

Explanation: According to the Gregorian calendar, February 18 is designated as the 49th day of the year.

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Which of the following Christian feast days is observed on February 18?

Answer: Bernadette Soubirous (in France)

Explanation: Bernadette Soubirous is among the Christian feast days observed on February 18, particularly in France.

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What national holiday does The Gambia celebrate on February 18?

Answer: Independence Day

Explanation: The Gambia celebrates its Independence Day on February 18, commemorating its independence from the United Kingdom.

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National Democracy Day in Nepal, celebrated on February 18, marks the overthrow of which dynasty in 1951?

Answer: Rana dynasty

Explanation: National Democracy Day in Nepal, celebrated on February 18, marks the 1951 overthrow of the Rana dynasty.

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