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The Flamen Dialis served as the high priest exclusively dedicated to Jupiter, the chief deity of the Roman pantheon.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis served as the high priest exclusively dedicated to Jupiter, the chief deity of the Roman pantheon. The epithet 'Dialis' is derived from 'Diespiter,' an archaic Latin form of Jupiter's name.
Upon appointment, the Flamen Dialis achieved legal independence (*sui juris*), being emancipated from his father's authority.
Answer: True
Explanation: Upon appointment, the Flamen Dialis achieved legal emancipation (*sui juris*) from his paternal authority.
The Flamen Dialis was granted significant privileges, including the right to have a *lictor* and wear the *toga praetexta*.
Answer: True
Explanation: Privileges granted to the Flamen Dialis included the right to a *lictor*, the *toga praetexta*, a *sella curulis*, and an ex officio Senate seat.
What was the primary religious function of the Flamen Dialis in ancient Rome?
Answer: To act as the high priest dedicated exclusively to Jupiter.
Explanation: In ancient Roman religion, the Flamen Dialis served as the high priest exclusively dedicated to Jupiter, the chief deity of the Roman pantheon. The epithet 'Dialis' is derived from 'Diespiter,' an archaic Latin form of Jupiter's name.
Which of the following was a requirement for candidates appointed as Flamen Dialis?
Answer: They had to be married, with parents married via *confarreatio*.
Explanation: Candidates for the office of Flamen Dialis were nominated by the *Comitia* of patrician descent and required to be married, with parents wed via *confarreatio*.
How did becoming the Flamen Dialis affect a man's legal status?
Answer: He was legally emancipated and became *sui juris*.
Explanation: Upon appointment, the Flamen Dialis achieved legal emancipation (*sui juris*) from his paternal authority.
Which of the following was a significant privilege granted to the Flamen Dialis?
Answer: The right to have a *lictor* and wear the *toga praetexta*.
Explanation: Privileges granted to the Flamen Dialis included the right to a *lictor*, the *toga praetexta*, a *sella curulis*, and an ex officio Senate seat.
Flamines were permitted to touch metal and ride horses as part of their religious duties.
Answer: False
Explanation: Traditional prohibitions for *flamines* included being forbidden to touch metal, ride a horse, or witness a corpse.
The *apex*, a distinctive conical headdress, was worn exclusively by the Flamen Dialis, not by all high-ranking Roman priests.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis was distinguished by wearing the *apex*, a unique headdress exclusive to his office.
The house of the Flamen Dialis offered a unique sanctuary; instead of reinforcing chains, a person in chains seeking refuge would have their chains removed and cast out.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis's house provided sanctuary; chains of refugees were removed and cast out through the *impluvium*.
A criminal encountering the Flamen Dialis on the way to punishment would be granted a respite for that day.
Answer: True
Explanation: A criminal encountering the Flamen Dialis and pleading for sanctuary would be granted a respite for that day.
The numerous restrictions on the Flamen Dialis were intended to ensure his constant focus on religious duties, not to grant him more freedom in secular affairs.
Answer: True
Explanation: The extensive restrictions on the Flamen Dialis served to ensure his perpetual focus on religious duties (*Jovi adsiduum sacerdos*), preventing distractions from his sacred responsibilities.
The Flamen Dialis was forbidden to sleep away from his own bed for more than three consecutive nights.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis was forbidden to sleep away from his own bed for more than three consecutive nights, impacting his ability to govern provinces.
The Flamen Dialis was forbidden to mount or touch horses.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis could not mount or touch a horse and was forbidden from observing an army outside the *pomerium*.
The Flamen Dialis was forbidden from swearing oaths.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis was forbidden from swearing oaths.
Knots were forbidden in any part of the Flamen Dialis's clothing.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis was required to wear clothing without knots, symbolizing unhindered purity.
The Flamen Dialis was forbidden from touching flour, leaven, or leavened bread.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis was prohibited from touching flour, leaven, or leavened bread.
The Flamen Dialis was forbidden from touching or naming dogs and she-goats.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis was forbidden to touch or name dogs, she-goats, ivy, beans, and raw flesh.
The Flamen Dialis's hair clippings and nail parings were buried beneath an *arbor felix* (auspicious tree).
Answer: True
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis's hair clippings and nail parings were buried beneath an *arbor felix* (auspicious tree).
Which of the following was a traditional prohibition for the *flamines*?
Answer: Touching metal.
Explanation: Traditional prohibitions for *flamines* included being forbidden to touch metal, ride a horse, or witness a corpse.
What distinctive headwear was exclusively worn by the Flamen Dialis?
Answer: The *apex*
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis was distinguished by wearing the *apex*, a unique headdress exclusive to his office.
What happened if a person in chains sought refuge in the Flamen Dialis's house?
Answer: Their chains were removed and cast out into the street.
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis's house provided sanctuary; chains of refugees were removed and cast out through the *impluvium*.
What was the primary purpose behind the numerous restrictions placed on the Flamen Dialis?
Answer: To ensure his constant focus on religious duties and prevent distractions.
Explanation: The extensive restrictions on the Flamen Dialis served to ensure his perpetual focus on religious duties (*Jovi adsiduum sacerdos*), preventing distractions from his sacred responsibilities.
What was the restriction on the Flamen Dialis concerning sleep?
Answer: He could not sleep away from his own bed for more than three consecutive nights.
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis was forbidden to sleep away from his own bed for more than three consecutive nights, impacting his ability to govern provinces.
The Flamen Dialis was forbidden from touching or naming certain items, including:
Answer: Dogs, she-goats, and beans.
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis was forbidden to touch or name dogs, she-goats, ivy, beans, and raw flesh.
What was the rule concerning knots in the Flamen Dialis's attire?
Answer: There had to be no knots in any part of his clothing.
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis was required to wear clothing without knots, symbolizing unhindered purity.
Which of the following was NOT a restriction placed upon the Flamen Dialis?
Answer: Wearing the *toga praetexta*.
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis was granted privileges including the right to wear the *toga praetexta*, which was not a restriction.
A candidate for Flamen Dialis was required for his spouse to have been a virgin at the time of their wedding.
Answer: True
Explanation: A candidate for Flamen Dialis was required to be married via the *confarreatio* ceremony, and his spouse, the *Flaminica Dialis*, had to be a virgin at the time of their wedding.
The *Flaminica Dialis* was the wife, not the husband, of the *Flamen Dialis*.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *Flaminica Dialis* was the wife of the *Flamen Dialis*, integral to his religious functions.
The *Flaminica Dialis* was required to be a virgin at the time of her wedding, and the marriage ceremony had to be *confarreatio*.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *Flaminica Dialis* had to be a virgin at her wedding, which was required to be a *confarreatio* ceremony, a strict requirement also for wives of other *flamines maiores*.
The *Flamen Dialis* and *Flaminica Dialis* were forbidden from divorcing; if the *Flaminica Dialis* died, the *Flamen Dialis* had to resign.
Answer: True
Explanation: Divorce was forbidden; if the *Flaminica Dialis* died, the *Flamen Dialis* was obligated to resign his office.
The *Flaminica Dialis* performed sacrifices to Juno Regina on each *nundinae* (an eight-day cycle).
Answer: True
Explanation: The *Flaminica Dialis* performed specific rituals, such as sacrificing a ram to Juno Regina on each *nundinae*.
The *Flaminica Dialis* wore her hair plaited in a conical form with a purple band (*tutulus*) and a dyed robe, not a simple braid or plain white robe.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *Flaminica Dialis* wore her hair plaited conically with a purple band (*tutulus*), a dyed robe, and a *rica*.
During the *Argei* ritual, the *Flaminica Dialis* was forbidden from combing or arranging her hair.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the *Argei* ritual, the *Flaminica Dialis* was forbidden from combing or arranging her hair.
The *regina sacrorum* was the only other priestess, besides the *Flaminica Dialis*, permitted to wear the hairdressing known as *(in)arculata*.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *regina sacrorum* was the only other priestess, besides the *Flaminica Dialis*, permitted to wear the *(in)arculata* hairdressing.
The *Flaminica Dialis* was prohibited from ascending staircases with more than three steps.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *Flaminica Dialis* was prohibited from ascending staircases with more than three steps, possibly to prevent ankle visibility.
What was a critical requirement for the spouse of a Flamen Dialis candidate?
Answer: She had to be a virgin at the time of the wedding.
Explanation: A candidate for Flamen Dialis was required to be married via the *confarreatio* ceremony, and his spouse, the *Flaminica Dialis*, had to be a virgin at the time of their wedding.
What was the *Flaminica Dialis*?
Answer: The wife of the Flamen Dialis.
Explanation: The *Flaminica Dialis* was the wife of the *Flamen Dialis*, integral to his religious functions.
What was the consequence if the *Flaminica Dialis* died?
Answer: The Flamen Dialis was obligated to resign his office.
Explanation: Divorce was forbidden; if the *Flaminica Dialis* died, the *Flamen Dialis* was obligated to resign his office.
What distinctive hairdressing did the *Flaminica Dialis* wear?
Answer: Her hair was plaited in a conical form with a purple band (*tutulus*).
Explanation: The *Flaminica Dialis* wore her hair plaited conically with a purple band (*tutulus*), a dyed robe, and a *rica*.
Which other priestess, besides the *Flaminica Dialis*, was allowed to wear the hairdressing called *(in)arculata*?
Answer: The Regina sacrorum
Explanation: The *regina sacrorum* was the only other priestess, besides the *Flaminica Dialis*, permitted to wear the *(in)arculata* hairdressing.
What restriction did the *Flaminica Dialis* face regarding staircases?
Answer: She was prohibited from ascending stairs with more than three steps.
Explanation: The *Flaminica Dialis* was prohibited from ascending staircases with more than three steps, possibly to prevent ankle visibility.
Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome, is traditionally credited with establishing the office of the Flamen Dialis.
Answer: True
Explanation: Tradition attributes the establishment of the Flamen Dialis, along with the other *flamines maiores*, to Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome.
Candidates for the office of Flamen Dialis were nominated by the *Comitia* from patrician families and required to be married.
Answer: True
Explanation: Candidates for the office of Flamen Dialis were nominated by the *Comitia* of patrician descent and required to be married, with parents wed via *confarreatio*.
The Flamen Dialis's right to a Senate seat, though a recognized privilege, was not consistently exercised throughout Roman history.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis's Senate seat privilege, previously disused, was reasserted by Gaius Valerius Flaccus around 209 BC, reportedly due to personal respect rather than strict legal precedent.
Publius Cornelius Sulla was likely appointed Flamen Dialis between approximately 279–270 BC.
Answer: True
Explanation: Publius Cornelius Sulla was likely appointed Flamen Dialis between approximately 279–270 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Merula committed suicide in the Temple of Jupiter in 87 BC after resigning his consulship.
Answer: True
Explanation: Lucius Cornelius Merula, likely appointed in the late 2nd century BC, dramatically committed suicide in the Temple of Jupiter in 87 BC after resigning his consulship.
Gaius Julius Caesar held the office of Flamen Dialis before being elected Pontifex Maximus.
Answer: True
Explanation: Gaius Julius Caesar was chosen as Flamen Dialis around 87/86 BC, later losing the position but subsequently becoming *pontifex* and *pontifex maximus*.
The office of Flamen Dialis remained vacant for approximately 72 years following Julius Caesar's removal.
Answer: True
Explanation: The office of Flamen Dialis remained vacant for approximately 72 years after Julius Caesar's removal.
Servius Cornelius Lentulus Maluginensis likely became Flamen Dialis around 15 BC, filling the post-Caesar vacancy, and is recorded holding the office in AD 22.
Answer: True
Explanation: Servius Cornelius Lentulus Maluginensis likely became Flamen Dialis around 15 BC, filling the post-Caesar vacancy, and is recorded holding the office in AD 22.
Terentius Gentianus, identified as the last known Flamen Dialis, served as consul in AD 211, indicating that previous restrictions preventing high political office had been lifted.
Answer: True
Explanation: Terentius Gentianus's consulship in AD 211 suggests that restrictions preventing Flamines Dialis from holding high political office had been lifted.
Lucius Quinctius, an ancestor of the Quinctii Flaminini, served as Flamen Dialis in the mid-3rd century BC.
Answer: True
Explanation: Lucius Quinctius, an ancestor of the Quinctii Flaminini, served as Flamen Dialis in the mid-3rd century BC.
Who is traditionally credited with establishing the office of the Flamen Dialis?
Answer: Numa Pompilius
Explanation: Tradition attributes the establishment of the Flamen Dialis, along with the other *flamines maiores*, to Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome.
How was the Flamen Dialis's right to a Senate seat re-established around 209 BC?
Answer: By Gaius Valerius Flaccus, out of respect for his character.
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis's Senate seat privilege, previously disused, was reasserted by Gaius Valerius Flaccus around 209 BC, reportedly due to personal respect rather than strict legal precedent.
Who was likely appointed Flamen Dialis between 279–270 BC?
Answer: Publius Cornelius Sulla
Explanation: Publius Cornelius Sulla was likely appointed Flamen Dialis between approximately 279–270 BC.
What significant event marked the death of Lucius Cornelius Merula as Flamen Dialis?
Answer: He committed suicide dramatically in the Temple of Jupiter.
Explanation: Lucius Cornelius Merula, likely appointed in the late 2nd century BC, dramatically committed suicide in the Temple of Jupiter in 87 BC after resigning his consulship.
Gaius Julius Caesar held the office of Flamen Dialis before being elected as:
Answer: Pontifex Maximus
Explanation: Gaius Julius Caesar was chosen as Flamen Dialis around 87/86 BC, later losing the position but subsequently becoming *pontifex* and *pontifex maximus*.
How long did the office of Flamen Dialis remain vacant after Julius Caesar's removal?
Answer: Approximately 72 years
Explanation: The office of Flamen Dialis remained vacant for approximately 72 years after Julius Caesar's removal.
Servius Cornelius Lentulus Maluginensis, who likely became Flamen Dialis around 15 BC, is mentioned holding the office in which year?
Answer: AD 22
Explanation: Servius Cornelius Lentulus Maluginensis likely became Flamen Dialis around 15 BC, filling the post-Caesar vacancy, and is recorded holding the office in AD 22.
What does the consulship of Terentius Gentianus suggest about the Flamen Dialis role?
Answer: The previous restrictions preventing high political office had been lifted.
Explanation: Terentius Gentianus's consulship in AD 211 suggests that restrictions preventing Flamines Dialis from holding high political office had been lifted.
Which Lucius Quinctius served as Flamen Dialis in the mid-3rd century BC?
Answer: Lucius Quinctius, ancestor of the Quinctii Flaminini
Explanation: Lucius Quinctius, an ancestor of the Quinctii Flaminini, served as Flamen Dialis in the mid-3rd century BC.
Who was the grandson of Scipio Africanus appointed as Flamen Dialis in 174 BC?
Answer: Publius Cornelius Scipio (grandson)
Explanation: Publius Cornelius Scipio, grandson of Scipio Africanus, became Flamen Dialis in 174 BC.
Georges Dumézil interpreted the Flamen Dialis's prohibitions as symbolizing his absolute purity and connection to celestial deities, not warfare.
Answer: True
Explanation: Georges Dumézil interpreted the prohibitions as symbolizing the Flamen Dialis's absolute purity and celestial connection, reflecting Jupiter's dominion and kingship, distinct from warfare.
The Flamen Dialis's role shared parallels with priest-king relationships found in other Indo-European religious structures.
Answer: True
Explanation: Dumézil observed parallels between the Flamen Dialis's role and priest-king relationships in other Indo-European cultures, such as the Vedic *rajan* and *purohita*.
According to Georges Dumézil, what did the prohibitions surrounding the Flamen Dialis symbolize?
Answer: His absolute purity and freedom as a representative of a celestial god.
Explanation: Georges Dumézil interpreted the prohibitions as symbolizing the Flamen Dialis's absolute purity and celestial connection, reflecting Jupiter's dominion and kingship, distinct from warfare.
How did the Flamen Dialis's role reflect broader Indo-European religious structures?
Answer: It mirrored similar relationships, like the Vedic *rajan* and his *purohita*.
Explanation: Dumézil observed parallels between the Flamen Dialis's role and priest-king relationships in other Indo-European cultures, such as the Vedic *rajan* and *purohita*.
Ancient Rome comprised a total of 15 flamines, categorized into *flamines maiores* and *flamines minores*.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ancient Rome comprised 15 flamines, categorized into three *flamines maiores*, who served the principal deities of the Archaic Triad, and twelve *flamines minores*, dedicated to other gods.
The Flamen Dialis held the second rank among the highest priests in the Roman religious hierarchy.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis held the second rank among the highest priests (*ordo sacerdotum*), subordinate only to the *rex sacrorum* and preceding other *flamines maiores* and the *pontifex maximus*.
The *pontifices*, *augures*, and *flamines* were among the major religious colleges (*collegia*) in ancient Rome.
Answer: True
Explanation: Major Roman religious colleges (*collegia*) mentioned include the Pontifices, Augures, Vestales, Flamines, Septemviri epulonum, and Quindecimviri sacris faciundis.
The *Rex Sacrorum* held a higher official rank than the *Pontifex Maximus*.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *Rex Sacrorum* held a higher official rank than the *Pontifex Maximus*.
The *Regina sacrorum* was not associated with the imperial cult; she held a distinct religious role.
Answer: True
Explanation: The *Regina sacrorum* held a distinct religious role, separate from the imperial cult.
How were the 15 flamines categorized in ancient Roman religion?
Answer: Three *flamines maiores* and twelve *flamines minores*.
Explanation: Ancient Rome comprised 15 flamines, categorized into three *flamines maiores*, who served the principal deities of the Archaic Triad, and twelve *flamines minores*, dedicated to other gods.
What was the official rank of the Flamen Dialis among the highest Roman priests?
Answer: Second, behind the *rex sacrorum*.
Explanation: The Flamen Dialis held the second rank among the highest priests (*ordo sacerdotum*), subordinate only to the *rex sacrorum* and preceding other *flamines maiores* and the *pontifex maximus*.
Which of the following was listed as a major religious college (*collegium*) in the sidebar?
Answer: Flamines
Explanation: Major Roman religious colleges (*collegia*) mentioned include the Pontifices, Augures, Vestales, Flamines, Septemviri epulonum, and Quindecimviri sacris faciundis.
Which priestess was identified in the sidebar as the 'queen of sacrifices'?
Answer: Regina sacrorum
Explanation: Priestesses identified include the Virgo Vestalis Maxima, Flaminica Dialis, and Regina sacrorum.