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The Tonneau Antoinette, developed circa 1910, is recognized as an early precursor to contemporary flight simulators.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Tonneau Antoinette, developed by the Antoinette company around 1910, is indeed considered an early precursor to modern flight simulators.
Edwin Link commenced the development of the Link Trainer in the early 1930s.
Answer: True
Explanation: Edwin Link began developing his eponymous trainer in the early 1930s, marking a significant milestone in the nascent field of flight simulation.
The Link Trainer incorporated technology derived from the automotive industry.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Link Trainer utilized technology and components sourced from the player piano and organ manufacturing industry, rather than the automotive sector.
The Link Trainer's initial acquisition by the U.S. Army Air Force was motivated by a requirement for advanced combat training.
Answer: False
Explanation: The U.S. Army Air Force's initial purchase of Link Trainers in 1934 was prompted by the need to improve pilot safety and proficiency in adverse weather conditions encountered during postal mail flights, not for advanced combat training.
The Jacobs Jaycopter, an early helicopter simulator, was developed by Edwin Link.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Jacobs Jaycopter was an early helicopter simulator, but it was not developed by Edwin Link; it was later repurposed as a funfair ride.
Which device is considered an early precursor to modern flight simulators, developed around 1910?
Answer: The Tonneau Antoinette
Explanation: The 'Tonneau Antoinette,' developed circa 1910, is recognized as an early precursor to contemporary flight simulators.
Who invented the Link Trainer, a significant early flight simulation device?
Answer: Edwin Link
Explanation: The Link Trainer, a pivotal device in the history of flight simulation, was invented by Edwin Link.
What industry's technology influenced the design of the Link Trainer's motion and control systems?
Answer: Player piano and organ manufacturing
Explanation: Edwin Link leveraged components and principles from his family's player piano and organ manufacturing business to design the pneumatic motion and control systems of the Link Trainer.
What event directly led to the U.S. Army Air Force's substantial purchase of Link Trainers in 1934?
Answer: Fatalities incurred during postal mail flights in adverse weather.
Explanation: The U.S. Army Air Force's significant adoption of the Link Trainer in 1934 was prompted by a critical need for improved pilot safety and proficiency following fatalities during postal mail flights in adverse weather conditions.
During the First World War, flight simulators were predominantly employed for training pilots in advanced aerial combat maneuvers.
Answer: False
Explanation: During World War I, flight simulators were primarily utilized for training pilots in the specific skill of 'deflection shooting,' rather than advanced aerial combat maneuvers.
The U.S. Army Air Force's substantial adoption of the Link Trainer was motivated by the necessity for training during a period of peacetime aviation expansion.
Answer: False
Explanation: The U.S. Army Air Force's significant adoption of the Link Trainer in 1934 was primarily driven by a critical need for improved pilot training following fatalities during postal mail flights in adverse weather conditions.
Approximately 500,000 pilots received training via the Link Trainer during the Second World War.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Link Trainer was extensively utilized during World War II, with estimates indicating that around 500,000 pilots were trained using this simulation device.
The Celestial Navigation Trainer developed during WWII was designed to facilitate pilot navigation utilizing ground-based radio signals.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Celestial Navigation Trainer was specifically designed to train bomber crews in celestial navigation, i.e., navigating by the stars, not by ground-based radio signals.
Commercial flight simulators in the 1950s began to integrate visual and motion systems.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 1950s marked the advent of modern commercial flight simulators, with early models incorporating visual displays, sound, and motion systems to enhance training realism.
The Jacobs Jaycopter, an early helicopter simulator, was subsequently repurposed as a component within commercial aircraft.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Jacobs Jaycopter, an early helicopter simulator, was not repurposed for commercial aircraft but was later sold as a funfair ride.
What specific skill did flight simulators focus on teaching during World War I?
Answer: Deflection shooting
Explanation: During World War I, flight simulators were primarily utilized for training pilots in the specific skill of 'deflection shooting,' which involves aiming ahead of a moving target.
How many pilots were estimated to have been trained on the Link Trainer during World War II?
Answer: Approximately 500,000
Explanation: The Link Trainer was extensively utilized during World War II, with estimates indicating that around 500,000 pilots were trained using this simulation device.
What was the primary function of the Celestial Navigation Trainer developed during World War II?
Answer: To train bomber crews in navigating by the stars.
Explanation: The Celestial Navigation Trainer was specifically designed to train bomber crews in celestial navigation, i.e., navigating by the stars.
Which company supplied the first modern flight simulators with visuals, sound, and movement to United Airlines in 1954?
Answer: Curtiss-Wright
Explanation: Curtiss-Wright supplied the first modern flight simulators incorporating visuals, sound, and motion systems to United Airlines in 1954.
After its initial use as a helicopter simulator, the Jacobs Jaycopter found later application as:
Answer: A funfair ride.
Explanation: The Jacobs Jaycopter, an early helicopter simulator, was later sold and utilized as a funfair ride.
Full Flight Simulators (FFS) constitute the majority of commercial airline simulators currently in operation.
Answer: True
Explanation: As of June 2018, Full Flight Simulators (FFS) represented 85% of the approximately 1,270 commercial airline simulators in service globally.
A flight simulator is classified as a 'human-in-the-loop' system due to its interactive nature with the pilot.
Answer: True
Explanation: Flight simulators are considered 'human-in-the-loop' systems because they involve continuous interaction between the human operator (pilot) and the simulated environment, with inputs and feedback cycles.
The core of a flight simulator's model comprises equations of motion solved to represent movement.
Answer: True
Explanation: The fundamental element of a flight simulator's simulation model is the set of equations of motion, which are solved in real-time to accurately represent the aircraft's translational and rotational movements.
Real-time simulation in flight simulators is less critical than achieving high computational accuracy.
Answer: False
Explanation: Real-time simulation is paramount in flight simulators to ensure user interaction and realism; high computational accuracy must be balanced with strict latency limits.
Flight simulators typically employ complex real-time Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculations for aerodynamic forces.
Answer: False
Explanation: To manage computational load, flight simulators commonly utilize databases of pre-calculated results or actual flight data for aerodynamic forces, rather than performing complex real-time CFD calculations.
Cockpit instruments and controls are vital for pilot interaction and skill transfer in simulators.
Answer: True
Explanation: Cockpit instruments and controls are critical components for effective pilot interaction and the transfer of skills, with regulatory standards often dictating their fidelity to real aircraft.
Actively driven force feedback systems are employed in simulators to replicate control feel and dynamic responses.
Answer: True
Explanation: Actively driven force feedback systems are incorporated into simulators to provide realistic tactile feedback, thereby replicating the feel of aircraft controls and dynamic responses.
Virtual Reality (VR) simulators offer enhanced tactile feedback compared to traditional simulators.
Answer: False
Explanation: A primary challenge with Virtual Reality (VR) simulators is the lack of tactile feedback, which can be a limitation compared to traditional simulators that often incorporate more advanced haptic systems.
The visual systems developed for flight simulators significantly influenced the advancement of modern computer graphics.
Answer: True
Explanation: The visual systems engineered for flight simulators were instrumental in driving progress in 3D computer graphics and CGI, influencing algorithms and hardware development.
A Stewart platform utilizes six actuators to provide simultaneous movement across six degrees of freedom.
Answer: True
Explanation: A Stewart platform is a kinematic structure employing six actuators to achieve motion in all six degrees of freedom (pitch, roll, yaw, heave, sway, surge), making it a common choice for high-fidelity simulators.
Simulator motion systems are capable of accurately replicating sustained accelerations without inherent limitations.
Answer: False
Explanation: Simulator motion systems possess limitations in their range of movement, which restricts their ability to accurately replicate sustained accelerations; compensatory models are often used.
Handling fidelity in flight simulation is assessed primarily through computational analysis.
Answer: False
Explanation: Handling fidelity in flight simulation is primarily assessed through subjective pilot evaluations and standardized rating scales, such as the Cooper-Harper scale, rather than solely through computational analysis.
Dynamic seats in simulators are considered potentially as effective as large motion systems for training.
Answer: True
Explanation: Emerging technologies like dynamic seats suggest they can offer comparable training effectiveness to larger, more complex motion systems, indicating the potential for targeted sensory feedback in simulation.
The Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) at NASA Ames is recognized as the world's largest flight simulator.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) located at NASA Ames Research Center is indeed the world's largest flight simulator, distinguished by its extensive vertical movement capabilities.
Latency in flight simulators refers to the visual resolution of the display system.
Answer: False
Explanation: Latency in flight simulation refers to the delay between a pilot's input and the simulator's response, not the visual resolution of the display.
Aircraft systems within simulators are modeled with varying levels of detail contingent upon the simulator's designated class.
Answer: True
Explanation: The fidelity and detail of aircraft systems modeling in simulators vary significantly based on the simulator's class and intended use, ranging from basic procedural representation to highly complex system replication.
Visual systems in flight simulators serve primarily as aesthetic enhancements.
Answer: False
Explanation: Visual systems are fundamental components of flight simulators, providing the crucial external view necessary for navigation and situational awareness, particularly under visual flight rules.
Modern flight simulators frequently utilize pre-calculated data rather than full computational fluid dynamics models to manage computational load.
Answer: True
Explanation: To balance computational demands with the need for realism, modern flight simulators often employ databases of pre-calculated results or actual flight data for aerodynamic modeling, rather than relying solely on real-time CFD.
Simulator motion systems are engineered to perfectly replicate the physical limitations of real aircraft accelerations.
Answer: False
Explanation: Simulator motion systems have inherent physical limitations in their range of motion, preventing perfect replication of sustained accelerations found in real aircraft; compensatory models are utilized.
As of June 2018, what percentage of commercial airline simulators in service were Full Flight Simulators (FFS)?
Answer: 85%
Explanation: As of June 2018, Full Flight Simulators (FFS) represented 85% of the approximately 1,270 commercial airline simulators in service globally.
Why is a flight simulator considered a 'human-in-the-loop' system?
Answer: It continuously interacts with a human user, receiving inputs and providing feedback.
Explanation: Flight simulators are considered 'human-in-the-loop' systems because they involve continuous interaction between the human operator (pilot) and the simulated environment, with inputs and feedback cycles.
What is the central element of a flight simulator's simulation model?
Answer: The set of equations of motion governing the aircraft's movement.
Explanation: The fundamental element of a flight simulator's simulation model is the set of equations of motion, which are solved in real-time to accurately represent the aircraft's translational and rotational movements.
Why is real-time simulation crucial, and what challenges does it present?
Answer: It ensures user interaction and realism, preventing simulator sickness.
Explanation: Real-time simulation is paramount in flight simulators to ensure user interaction and realism; high computational accuracy must be balanced with strict latency limits to prevent simulator sickness.
How do flight simulators typically model aerodynamic forces to balance realism and computational cost?
Answer: Employing databases of pre-calculated results or actual flight data.
Explanation: To manage computational load, flight simulators commonly utilize databases of pre-calculated results or actual flight data for aerodynamic forces, rather than performing complex real-time CFD calculations.
What is the significance of cockpit instruments and controls in flight simulators regarding training?
Answer: They are critical for pilot interaction and skill transfer, with regulations specifying accuracy.
Explanation: Cockpit instruments and controls are critical components for effective pilot interaction and the transfer of skills, with regulatory standards often dictating their fidelity to real aircraft.
What advancements in simulator control systems help replicate the feel of flying?
Answer: Actively driven force feedback systems and vibration actuators.
Explanation: Actively driven force feedback systems and vibration actuators are incorporated into simulators to provide realistic tactile feedback, thereby replicating the feel of aircraft controls and dynamic responses.
What is a primary challenge associated with using Virtual Reality (VR) in flight simulators?
Answer: Lack of tactile feedback.
Explanation: A primary challenge with Virtual Reality (VR) simulators is the lack of tactile feedback, which can be a limitation compared to traditional simulators that often incorporate more advanced haptic systems.
How did flight simulator visual system technology contribute to the field of computer graphics?
Answer: It was a precursor to modern 3D computer graphics and CGI, driving advancements in algorithms and hardware.
Explanation: The visual systems engineered for flight simulators were instrumental in driving progress in 3D computer graphics and CGI, influencing algorithms and hardware development.
What is a Stewart platform commonly used for in high-fidelity simulators?
Answer: Providing motion feedback using six actuators for six degrees of freedom.
Explanation: A Stewart platform is a type of motion system that uses six actuators to provide simultaneous movement in all six degrees of freedom, making it a common choice for high-fidelity simulators.
What limitation do simulator motion systems face compared to real aircraft?
Answer: They have a limited range of movement, restricting replication of sustained accelerations.
Explanation: Simulator motion systems possess limitations in their range of movement, which restricts their ability to accurately replicate sustained accelerations; compensatory models are often used.
How is 'handling fidelity' in flight simulation primarily assessed?
Answer: Using pilot opinions and standardized rating scales like Cooper-Harper.
Explanation: Handling fidelity in flight simulation is primarily assessed through subjective pilot evaluations and standardized rating scales, such as the Cooper-Harper scale, rather than solely through computational analysis.
What potential training benefit do technologies like dynamic seats offer in flight simulators?
Answer: They can be as effective as large, expensive 6-DOF motion systems for training delivery.
Explanation: Emerging technologies like dynamic seats suggest they can offer comparable training effectiveness to larger, more complex motion systems, indicating the potential for targeted sensory feedback in simulation.
What is the Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) at NASA Ames known for?
Answer: Being the world's largest flight simulator with a 60-foot vertical movement range.
Explanation: The Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) located at NASA Ames Research Center is indeed the world's largest flight simulator, distinguished by its extensive vertical movement capabilities.
What does 'latency' refer to in the context of flight simulation technology?
Answer: The delay between a pilot's input and the simulator's response.
Explanation: Latency in flight simulation refers to the delay between a pilot's input and the simulator's response, not the visual resolution of the display.
What is the purpose of visual systems in flight simulators?
Answer: To provide the outside view crucial for navigation, especially under visual flight rules.
Explanation: Visual systems are fundamental components of flight simulators, providing the crucial external view necessary for navigation and situational awareness, particularly under visual flight rules.
A Qualification Approval Guide (QAG) necessitates an individual evaluation for each distinct simulator model produced.
Answer: False
Explanation: A Qualification Approval Guide (QAG) outlines the performance requirements for an entire simulator model line, allowing for automatic qualification of conforming devices without individual evaluations for each unit.
A Master Qualification Test Guide (MQTG) is employed to substantiate a simulator's representativeness in comparison to the actual aircraft.
Answer: True
Explanation: A Master Qualification Test Guide (MQTG) is a document specific to a unique simulator device, used to demonstrate its representativeness against the actual aircraft through a series of tests.
The FAA categorizes Aviation Training Devices (ATDs) into Basic and Advanced levels.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) classifies Aviation Training Devices (ATDs) into two primary categories: Basic ATD (BATD) and Advanced ATD (AATD).
FAA FTD Level 4 simulators possess advanced aerodynamic modeling capabilities.
Answer: False
Explanation: FAA FTD Level 4 simulators are primarily Cockpit Procedures Trainers and do not require aerodynamic programming; higher levels incorporate such capabilities.
FAA Full Flight Simulator (FFS) Level D requires a 3-degree-of-freedom motion system.
Answer: False
Explanation: FAA FFS Level D, the highest fidelity level, mandates a 6-degree-of-freedom motion platform, not a 3-degree-of-freedom system.
EASA FNPT Level II simulators include ground effect modeling and varied lighting conditions.
Answer: True
Explanation: EASA FNPT Level II simulators are characterized by features such as ground effect modeling and the simulation of varied lighting conditions for enhanced visual realism.
EASA FTD Level 3 simulators are designed for fixed-wing aircraft and necessitate validated model data.
Answer: False
Explanation: EASA FTD Level 3 simulators are specifically designed for helicopter training and require validated model data, distinguishing them from fixed-wing simulator requirements.
EASA FFS Level C simulators are required to incorporate characteristic vibrations and realistic noise levels.
Answer: False
Explanation: Characteristic vibrations and realistic noise levels are requirements for EASA FFS Level D simulators, not Level C.
EASA FFS Level B simulators require a 6-degree-of-freedom motion platform.
Answer: True
Explanation: EASA FFS Level B simulators are indeed required to feature a 6-degree-of-freedom motion platform, along with ground handling modeling.
The FAA's Advanced ATD (AATD) category is permissible for training towards an Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) certificate.
Answer: True
Explanation: The FAA designates Advanced Aviation Training Devices (AATDs) as suitable for crediting flight time towards various certificates, including the Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) certificate.
What is the function of a Qualification Approval Guide (QAG) in simulator approval?
Answer: To outline the performance requirements for a simulator model line, allowing automatic qualification for conforming devices.
Explanation: A Qualification Approval Guide (QAG) serves to establish the performance specifications for an entire simulator model line, thereby enabling automatic qualification for subsequent devices that adhere to these standards.
What is a Master Qualification Test Guide (MQTG) primarily used for?
Answer: Proving a unique simulator device's representativeness compared to the actual aircraft.
Explanation: A Master Qualification Test Guide (MQTG) is a document specific to a unique simulator device, used to demonstrate its representativeness against the actual aircraft through a series of tests.
According to the FAA categories, what type of training can a Basic ATD (BATD) support?
Answer: Private Pilot and instrument rating training
Explanation: The FAA categorizes Basic Aviation Training Devices (BATDs) as suitable for supporting training towards Private Pilot and instrument ratings.
Which FAA FTD level requires aerodynamic programming and systems modeling for a family of aircraft?
Answer: Level 5
Explanation: FAA FTD Level 5 simulators are required to include aerodynamic programming and systems modeling applicable to a family of aircraft.
What distinguishes FAA Full Flight Simulator (FFS) Level C from Level B?
Answer: Level C adds simulation of runway conditions and icing, along with a more detailed aerodynamic model.
Explanation: FAA FFS Level C simulators build upon Level B by incorporating simulation of runway conditions and icing effects, alongside a more detailed aerodynamic model.
EASA FNPT Level I simulators require:
Answer: A real-scale cockpit and representative controls.
Explanation: EASA FNPT Level I simulators are characterized by the requirement for a real-scale cockpit and representative flight controls.
What key feature is added in EASA FTD Level 2 compared to Level 1?
Answer: A visual system and additional crew stations.
Explanation: EASA FTD Level 2 simulators incorporate a visual system and additional crew stations, features not necessarily present in Level 1.
What characteristic is specifically required for EASA FFS Level D simulators?
Answer: Characteristic vibrations and realistic noise levels.
Explanation: EASA FFS Level D simulators are required to include characteristic vibrations and realistic noise levels, in addition to other advanced features.
The flight simulator industry is presently characterized by a trend towards diversification into component manufacturing.
Answer: False
Explanation: Current trends in the flight simulator industry indicate consolidation and vertical integration, with a growing emphasis on training services rather than diversification into component manufacturing.
CAE Inc. commands a dominant market share within the flight simulator manufacturing sector.
Answer: True
Explanation: CAE Inc. is identified as the largest manufacturer of flight simulators, holding a significant market share, estimated at approximately 70%.
TRU Simulation + Training was established through the amalgamation of simulators from Textron Aviation and Boeing.
Answer: False
Explanation: TRU Simulation + Training was formed by merging simulators from Textron Aviation with those from Mechtronix, OPINICUS, and ProFlight, not Boeing.
Aircraft manufacturers such as Airbus and Boeing primarily prioritize simulator production over the provision of training services.
Answer: False
Explanation: Aircraft manufacturers like Airbus and Boeing are increasingly focusing on their own training centers to achieve higher profit margins, often competing with dedicated simulator suppliers.
Europe exhibits the highest global concentration of flight training devices.
Answer: False
Explanation: North America leads in the global distribution of flight training devices, accounting for 38% of the total, followed by Asia-Pacific (25%) and Europe (24%).
Boeing aircraft models are the most frequently simulated aircraft types within the commercial airline industry.
Answer: True
Explanation: Boeing aircraft models represent 45% of all simulated aircraft types in the commercial airline industry, making them the most frequently simulated.
Embraer aircraft represent the largest percentage of simulated aircraft types.
Answer: False
Explanation: Boeing aircraft models constitute the largest percentage (45%) of simulated aircraft types, followed by Airbus (35%), with Embraer representing a smaller portion (7%).
What is a major trend currently observed in the flight simulator manufacturing industry?
Answer: Consolidation and vertical integration.
Explanation: Current trends in the flight simulator industry indicate consolidation and vertical integration, with a growing emphasis on training services rather than diversification into component manufacturing.
Which company is identified as the largest manufacturer of flight simulators, holding approximately 70% of the market share?
Answer: CAE Inc.
Explanation: CAE Inc. is identified as the largest manufacturer of flight simulators, holding a significant market share, estimated at approximately 70%.
How do aircraft manufacturers like Airbus and Boeing approach the simulator market?
Answer: They invest in their own training centers for higher profit margins.
Explanation: Aircraft manufacturers such as Airbus and Boeing are increasingly focusing on their own training centers to achieve higher profit margins, often competing with dedicated simulator suppliers.
Which region possesses the highest concentration of flight training devices globally?
Answer: North America
Explanation: North America leads in the global distribution of flight training devices, accounting for 38% of the total.
What percentage of simulated aircraft types are Boeing models?
Answer: 45%
Explanation: Boeing aircraft models represent 45% of all simulated aircraft types in the commercial airline industry, making them the most frequently simulated.
Flight simulators are exclusively utilized for basic cockpit procedure practice.
Answer: False
Explanation: Flight simulators serve a broad range of training applications, including instrument flight training, crediting flight hours, and specialized type ratings, extending far beyond basic cockpit procedure practice.
Engineering flight simulators are employed to entirely substitute physical flight testing in aircraft design.
Answer: False
Explanation: Engineering flight simulators serve as a valuable alternative to physical flight tests for rapid error detection and cost reduction during aircraft design, but they do not entirely replace all physical testing.
Flight simulators can be utilized for training personnel in roles beyond piloting, such as aircraft maintenance.
Answer: True
Explanation: Beyond pilot training, flight simulators are also employed for training other aviation personnel, including aircraft maintenance technicians and crew members in specialized roles.
Parallel or distributed simulation connects multiple simulators for independent training sessions.
Answer: False
Explanation: Parallel or distributed simulation connects multiple simulators not for independent sessions, but for cooperative applications, such as military wargames, requiring interoperability standards.
Disorientation training simulators primarily focus on simulating low-altitude flight conditions.
Answer: False
Explanation: Disorientation training simulators are designed to simulate high-G forces and complex motion environments, rather than low-altitude flight conditions.
The primary objective of a flight simulator is to replicate the experience of flying an aircraft for training and research purposes.
Answer: True
Explanation: The fundamental purpose of a flight simulator is to artificially replicate the experience of flying an aircraft and its surrounding environment, serving critical roles in training, design, and research.
What is the fundamental purpose of a flight simulator?
Answer: To artificially replicate flying an aircraft for training, design, and research.
Explanation: The fundamental purpose of a flight simulator is to artificially replicate the experience of flying an aircraft and its surrounding environment, serving critical roles in training, design, and research.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary application of flight simulators in pilot training?
Answer: Simulating passenger cabin emergencies
Explanation: While simulators are used for various pilot training aspects like procedure practice and instrument flight, simulating passenger cabin emergencies is not typically listed as a primary pilot training application.
How are engineering flight simulators utilized in the aircraft design process?
Answer: As an alternative to physical flight tests for rapid error detection.
Explanation: Engineering flight simulators are employed during aircraft design to facilitate rapid error detection and reduce development risks, serving as a valuable alternative to physical flight tests.
Besides pilots, what other crew roles can be trained using specialized flight simulators mentioned in the text?
Answer: Gunners on military aircraft and hoist operators
Explanation: Specialized flight simulators can also be used to train personnel in roles such as gunners on military aircraft or hoist operators, in addition to pilots and other crew members.
What is the purpose of connecting multiple simulators together in 'parallel simulation' or 'distributed simulation'?
Answer: For cooperative applications, such as military wargames.
Explanation: Parallel or distributed simulation connects multiple simulators for cooperative applications, such as military wargames, requiring interoperability standards.
What type of forces are disorientation training simulators designed to simulate?
Answer: High-G forces and complex motion environments.
Explanation: Disorientation training simulators are designed to simulate high-G forces and complex motion environments, rather than low-altitude flight conditions.
The 'Authority control' section within the provided documentation serves to correlate the subject matter with diverse databases, thereby ensuring informational consistency.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Authority control' section is a metadata element that links the article's subject to established identifiers in various databases, such as library catalogs, to maintain accuracy and consistency across knowledge systems.
The terminology 'flight simulator' historically denoted exclusively high-fidelity devices, whereas 'FSTD' represents a broader, more contemporary regulatory designation.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historically, 'flight simulator' was often reserved for high-fidelity devices, but the term 'flight simulation training device' (FSTD) is now used more broadly by regulatory bodies to encompass a wider spectrum of training equipment.