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The standard Italian language developed primarily from the Venetian dialect due to its literary prestige.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that the Florentine dialect, not the Venetian dialect, formed the foundation for standard Italian due to the prestige of Tuscan writers.
The name 'Florence' is derived from a Latin word meaning 'to bloom' or 'to flourish'.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that the name 'Florence' (Florentia) is derived from the Latin verb *florēre*, meaning 'to blossom' or 'to flourish'.
Florence was established by the Romans in 59 AD as a military outpost.
Answer: False
Explanation: Florence was established by the Romans in 59 BC, not 59 AD, as a colony for veteran soldiers, not specifically a military outpost, though it had a military camp layout.
During the Early Middle Ages, Florence's population significantly increased under Ostrogoth and Byzantine rule.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that Florence's population declined to as low as 1,000 people during the turbulent periods of Ostrogoth and Byzantine rule in the Early Middle Ages.
The Black Death of 1348 caused Florence's urban population to decrease by less than half.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source states that the Black Death of 1348 drastically reduced Florence's urban population by over half, not less than half.
Which dialect formed the foundation for standard Italian, largely due to the prestige of Tuscan writers?
Answer: Florentine dialect
Explanation: The Florentine dialect became the foundation for standard Italian, largely due to the prestige of Tuscan writers.
From which Latin word is the name 'Florence' (Florentia) derived, meaning 'to blossom' or 'to flourish'?
Answer: *Florēre*
Explanation: The name 'Florence' is derived from the Latin verb *florēre*, meaning 'to blossom' or 'to flourish'.
When was Florence established by the Romans as a colony for veteran soldiers?
Answer: 59 BC
Explanation: Florence was established by the Romans in 59 BC as a colony for veteran soldiers.
What was the approximate lowest population Florence reached during the turbulent Early Middle Ages under Ostrogoth and Byzantine rule?
Answer: 1,000
Explanation: During the Early Middle Ages, Florence's population declined to as low as 1,000 people under Ostrogoth and Byzantine rule.
By how much did the Black Death of 1348 reduce Florence's urban population?
Answer: By over half
Explanation: The Black Death of 1348 drastically reduced Florence's urban population by over half.
Florence is widely considered the birthplace of the Renaissance and was a major center for medieval European trade and finance.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source explicitly states that Florence is widely regarded as the birthplace of the Renaissance and was a crucial center for medieval European trade and finance.
Florentine merchants were pioneers in financial innovations like bills of exchange and the double-entry bookkeeping system.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that Florentine merchants introduced decisive financial innovations such as bills of exchange and the double-entry bookkeeping system.
The 'Ordinances of Justice' weakened the power of the elite guilds in Florence, leading to a more democratic government.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates that the 'Ordinances of Justice' solidified the power of the elite guilds in Florence, rather than weakening it or leading to a more democratic government.
Cosimo de' Medici was the first member of the Medici family to openly rule Florence as a duke in the 15th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: Cosimo de' Medici controlled Florence from behind the scenes, and Florence officially became a monarchy with Alessandro de' Medici named Duke in 1531, not in the 15th century.
Lorenzo de' Medici, known as 'Lorenzo the Magnificent,' was a significant patron of the arts, commissioning works from Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Lorenzo de' Medici, 'Lorenzo the Magnificent,' was a major patron of the arts who commissioned works from Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.
The first period of Medici rule in Florence ended in 1494 due to a popular uprising after Piero II accepted humiliating terms from the invading French King Charles VIII.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that the first period of Medici rule ended in 1494 when Florentines rebelled and expelled Piero II after he accepted humiliating terms from French King Charles VIII.
Girolamo Savonarola was a Dominican friar who was executed in the Piazza della Signoria for political treason.
Answer: False
Explanation: Girolamo Savonarola was executed in the Piazza della Signoria, but he was convicted as a heretic, not for political treason.
Florence officially became a monarchy in 1531 with Alessandro de' Medici named Duke of the Florentine Republic.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that Florence officially became a monarchy in 1531 with Alessandro de' Medici named Duke of the Florentine Republic.
Florence is widely regarded as the birthplace of which major historical and cultural movement?
Answer: The Renaissance
Explanation: The source states that Florence is widely regarded as the birthplace of the Renaissance.
Which of the following financial innovations were introduced by Florentine merchants and gained widespread recognition across Europe?
Answer: Bills of exchange and double-entry bookkeeping
Explanation: Florentine merchants introduced bills of exchange and the double-entry bookkeeping system, which gained widespread recognition across Europe.
What was the primary effect of the 'Ordinances of Justice' in Florence's political history?
Answer: It solidified the power of the elite guilds
Explanation: The 'Ordinances of Justice' solidified the power of the elite guilds in Florence, entrenching their control.
Who was the first member of the Medici family to effectively control Florence from behind the scenes in the 15th century?
Answer: Cosimo de' Medici
Explanation: Cosimo de' Medici was the first member of the Medici family to effectively control Florence from behind the scenes in the 15th century.
What event led to the initial end of Medici rule in Florence in 1494?
Answer: The expulsion of Piero II after accepting terms from French King Charles VIII
Explanation: The initial end of Medici rule in Florence in 1494 was caused by the expulsion of Piero II after he accepted humiliating terms from French King Charles VIII.
Where was Girolamo Savonarola executed in Florence?
Answer: Piazza della Signoria
Explanation: Girolamo Savonarola was executed in the Piazza della Signoria.
Which of the following literary works is a political handbook by Niccolò Machiavelli?
Answer: *The Prince*
Explanation: Niccolò Machiavelli is renowned for his political handbook *The Prince*.
When did Florence officially become a monarchy with Alessandro de' Medici named Duke?
Answer: 1531
Explanation: Florence officially became a monarchy in 1531 with Alessandro de' Medici named Duke of the Florentine Republic.
Florence served as the capital of the newly formed Kingdom of Italy from 1871 to 1876.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source specifies that Florence served as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1865 to 1871, not 1871 to 1876.
During its time as Italy's capital, Florence saw the demolition of its old market and medieval houses to create a more formal street plan.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source states that when Florence became Italy's capital in 1865, the old market and many medieval houses were indeed demolished to make way for a more formal street plan.
All bridges in Florence, including the Ponte Vecchio, were destroyed by the retreating Germans during World War II.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source explicitly states that the Ponte Vecchio was the only bridge in Florence to survive World War II intact, as the retreating Germans destroyed all others.
Florence was liberated by American troops in August 1944.
Answer: False
Explanation: Florence was liberated on August 4, 1944, by New Zealand, South African, and British troops, not American troops.
The Arno river flooded central Florence in 1966, causing significant damage to art treasures.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that the Arno river flooded central Florence in November 1966, causing extensive damage to the city's art treasures.
For what period did Florence serve as the capital of the newly formed Kingdom of Italy?
Answer: 1865-1871
Explanation: Florence served as the capital of the newly formed Kingdom of Italy from 1865 to 1871.
What significant urban change occurred in Florence when it became Italy's capital in 1865?
Answer: Demolition of the old market and medieval houses
Explanation: When Florence became Italy's capital in 1865, the old market and many medieval houses were demolished to create a more formal street plan.
Which bridge in Florence was the only one to survive World War II intact after German destruction?
Answer: Ponte Vecchio
Explanation: The Ponte Vecchio was the only bridge in Florence to survive World War II intact after German destruction.
Which Allied forces liberated Florence in August 1944?
Answer: New Zealand, South African, and British troops
Explanation: Florence was liberated on August 4, 1944, by New Zealand, South African, and British troops.
What natural disaster significantly affected Florence in November 1966?
Answer: A severe flood from the Arno river
Explanation: In November 1966, a severe flood from the Arno river significantly affected Florence, causing extensive damage.
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Lombardy.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source states that Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany, not Lombardy.
As of 2025, the metropolitan province of Florence has a population exceeding 980,000 people.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source indicates that as of 2025, the metropolitan province of Florence has a population of 989,460 people, which exceeds 980,000.
The Arno river was crucial for Florence's textile industry and international trade during the second millennium.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that the Arno river was a primary resource for Florence's textile industry and provided a crucial route for international trade during the second millennium.
Florence is located in a flat plain, with no surrounding hills.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source describes Florence as being situated in a basin surrounded by hills, not a flat plain with no surrounding hills.
The largest immigrant groups in Florence as of 2009 were from North Africa, primarily Moroccans.
Answer: False
Explanation: As of 2009, the largest immigrant groups in Florence were from other European countries, primarily Romanians and Albanians, not North Africa.
Tourism is the most important industry in central Florence, generating approximately €2.5 billion in 2015.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that tourism is the most important industry in central Florence and generated approximately €2.5 billion in 2015.
What is the Italian name for Florence?
Answer: Firenze
Explanation: The source states that the Italian name for Florence is *Firenze*.
As of 2025, what is the approximate population of the city proper of Florence?
Answer: 362,353
Explanation: As of 2025, the city proper of Florence has a population of 362,353 inhabitants.
Which river was a primary resource for Florence's textile industry and international trade during the second millennium?
Answer: Arno
Explanation: The Arno river was a primary resource for Florence's textile industry and international trade during the second millennium.
What type of climate does Florence primarily experience?
Answer: Humid subtropical climate
Explanation: Florence primarily experiences a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), which tends towards a Mediterranean climate (Csa).
As of 2007, what percentage of Florence's population was male?
Answer: 46.8%
Explanation: As of 2007, 46.8% of Florence's population was male.
Which country's immigrants formed the largest group in Florence as of 2009?
Answer: Romania
Explanation: As of 2009, the largest immigrant groups in Florence came from other European countries, primarily Romanians and Albanians.
The Historic Centre of Florence was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992 due to its modern architecture.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Historic Centre of Florence was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982, not 1992, and primarily for its Renaissance art and architecture, not modern architecture.
In what year was the Historic Centre of Florence designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
Answer: 1982
Explanation: The Historic Centre of Florence was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982.
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