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Fort Defiance was established on September 18, 1851, by Colonel Edwin V. Sumner.
Answer: True
Explanation: Colonel Edwin V. Sumner established Fort Defiance on September 18, 1851, marking the creation of the first military post in present-day Arizona.
Major Electus Backus was the first commander of Fort Defiance after its establishment.
Answer: True
Explanation: Major Electus Backus was placed in command of Fort Defiance by Colonel Edwin V. Sumner upon its establishment.
Conflict arose because Fort Defiance was built on land the Navajo people were encouraged to use.
Answer: False
Explanation: Conflict arose because the federal government prohibited the Navajo people from using the valuable grazing land where Fort Defiance was built, not because they were encouraged to use it.
Major attacks on Fort Defiance occurred in 1851 and 1860.
Answer: False
Explanation: Major attacks on Fort Defiance occurred in 1856 and 1860. The year 1851 is incorrect for a major attack.
The army abandoned Fort Defiance in 1861 due to escalating conflicts with the Navajo.
Answer: False
Explanation: Fort Defiance was abandoned by the army in 1861 at the onset of the American Civil War. While conflicts existed, the primary stated reason for abandonment was the Civil War.
Fort Canby, the reestablished name for Fort Defiance, served as a base for Kit Carson's operations.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fort Defiance was reestablished in 1863 under the name Fort Canby and served as a base for Kit Carson's operations against the Navajo.
Fort Canby was originally established as a trading post before becoming a military fort.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source material indicates Fort Canby was reestablished as a military base to support military operations, not as a trading post.
Who established Fort Defiance on September 18, 1851?
Answer: Colonel Edwin V. Sumner
Explanation: Colonel Edwin V. Sumner established Fort Defiance on September 18, 1851.
Why did conflict arise concerning the land used for Fort Defiance?
Answer: The Navajo were prohibited from using grazing land the fort was built upon.
Explanation: Conflict arose because the federal government prohibited the Navajo people from using the valuable grazing land where Fort Defiance was built.
What event led to the initial abandonment of Fort Defiance by the army in 1861?
Answer: The onset of the American Civil War.
Explanation: Fort Defiance was abandoned by the army in 1861 at the onset of the American Civil War, leading to the withdrawal of military presence.
What was the name given to Fort Defiance when it was reestablished in 1863?
Answer: Fort Canby
Explanation: The fort was reestablished in 1863 under the name Fort Canby.
What historical event prompted the army to abandon Fort Defiance in 1861?
Answer: The American Civil War
Explanation: The army abandoned Fort Defiance in 1861 due to the onset of the American Civil War.
What was the purpose of reestablishing the fort as Fort Canby in 1863?
Answer: To act as a base for Kit Carson's military operations against the Navajo.
Explanation: Fort Canby was reestablished in 1863 to serve as a military base supporting Kit Carson's operations against the Navajo.
After the 1864 campaign, the remaining Navajo people voluntarily dismantled Fort Canby.
Answer: False
Explanation: After the 1864 campaign, the remaining Navajo people burned Fort Canby, rather than voluntarily dismantling it.
Fort Defiance was reestablished as an Indian agency in 1868 following the Navajo Treaty.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following the Navajo Treaty of 1868, which allowed the Navajo to return to their ancestral lands, Fort Defiance was reestablished as an Indian agency in the same year.
The first government school specifically for the Navajo people was established at Fort Defiance in 1870.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 1870, the first government school designated for the Navajo people was established at Fort Defiance, marking an early educational initiative.
The Fort Defiance site currently houses only the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Fort Defiance site currently houses multiple agencies, including the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Indian Health Service, and the Navajo Nation itself.
The Fort Defiance Indian Hospital was the largest building on the site until the year 2000.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Fort Defiance Indian Hospital was the largest building on the site until 2002, not 2000.
The term 'CDP' refers to a city council position within Fort Defiance.
Answer: False
Explanation: CDP stands for Census-designated place, a statistical entity defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, not a city council position.
The Navajo Treaty of 1868 allowed the Navajo to return to their ancestral lands, leading to Fort Defiance being reestablished as an agency.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Navajo Treaty of 1868 permitted the Navajo to return to a portion of their ancestral lands, and subsequently, Fort Defiance was reestablished as an Indian agency.
The presence of the Indian Health Service at Fort Defiance indicates its continued role in providing healthcare services.
Answer: True
Explanation: The continued presence of the Indian Health Service at Fort Defiance signifies its ongoing function in delivering healthcare services to the community.
Which school district is responsible for serving Fort Defiance?
Answer: Window Rock Unified School District
Explanation: Fort Defiance is served by the Window Rock Unified School District.
Following the 1864 campaign, what action did the remaining Navajo people take regarding Fort Canby?
Answer: They burned the fort down.
Explanation: After the 1864 campaign, the remaining Navajo people burned Fort Canby.
Fort Defiance was reestablished as an Indian agency in what year, subsequent to the Navajo Treaty?
Answer: 1868
Explanation: Following the Navajo Treaty of 1868, Fort Defiance was reestablished as an Indian agency in the same year.
What significant educational event occurred at Fort Defiance in 1870?
Answer: The establishment of the first government school for the Navajo people.
Explanation: In 1870, the first government school specifically for the Navajo people was established at Fort Defiance.
Which of the following agencies is NOT mentioned as currently utilizing the Fort Defiance site?
Answer: U.S. Forest Service
Explanation: The Bureau of Indian Affairs, Indian Health Service, and the Navajo Nation itself are mentioned as current users of the Fort Defiance site; the U.S. Forest Service is not.
What does the term 'CDP' stand for in the context of Fort Defiance's designation?
Answer: Census-Designated Place
Explanation: CDP stands for Census-designated place, a statistical entity defined by the U.S. Census Bureau for data collection purposes.
What is the significance of the Navajo Treaty of 1868 concerning Fort Defiance?
Answer: It led to Fort Defiance being reestablished as an Indian agency.
Explanation: The Navajo Treaty of 1868 was significant as it allowed the Navajo to return to their lands, leading to Fort Defiance being reestablished as an Indian agency.
Fort Defiance is located in Apache County, Arizona, and is situated within the boundaries of the Navajo Nation.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fort Defiance is indeed located in Apache County, Arizona, and falls within the recognized boundaries of the Navajo Nation.
Fort Defiance is positioned approximately 40 miles north of Window Rock, Arizona.
Answer: False
Explanation: Fort Defiance is located approximately 4 miles north of Window Rock, Arizona, not 40 miles.
The geographical coordinates of Fort Defiance are approximately 35.74750 degrees North and 109.06861 degrees East.
Answer: False
Explanation: The geographical coordinates for Fort Defiance are approximately 35.74750 degrees North and 109.06861 degrees West. The statement incorrectly lists the longitude as East.
Fort Defiance has a total area of 16.60 square kilometers, entirely consisting of land.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fort Defiance has a total area of 16.60 square kilometers (6.41 square miles), with no designated water area, meaning it is entirely land.
The elevation of Fort Defiance is recorded as 6,798 meters above sea level.
Answer: False
Explanation: The elevation of Fort Defiance is 6,798 feet, which is equivalent to 2,072 meters. The statement incorrectly states the elevation in meters using the value for feet.
Fort Defiance is located on the Defiance Plateau.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fort Defiance is geographically situated on the Defiance Plateau.
Fort Defiance observes Pacific Standard Time (PST).
Answer: False
Explanation: Fort Defiance observes Mountain Standard Time (MST), not Pacific Standard Time (PST).
The ZIP code for Fort Defiance, Arizona is 86504.
Answer: True
Explanation: The ZIP code assigned to Fort Defiance, Arizona, is 86504.
What is the primary geographical location of Fort Defiance, Arizona?
Answer: Located in Apache County within the Navajo Nation, on the Defiance Plateau.
Explanation: Fort Defiance is situated in Apache County, Arizona, within the Navajo Nation, and is located on the Defiance Plateau.
What was the total land area of Fort Defiance in square miles?
Answer: 6.41 sq mi
Explanation: The total land area of Fort Defiance is 6.41 square miles.
The geographical coordinates place Fort Defiance in which hemisphere regarding longitude?
Answer: Western Hemisphere
Explanation: With a longitude of approximately 109.06861 degrees West, Fort Defiance is located in the Western Hemisphere.
The elevation of Fort Defiance is approximately how many meters above sea level?
Answer: 2,072 meters
Explanation: The elevation of Fort Defiance is 6,798 feet, which is equivalent to 2,072 meters above sea level.
According to the 2020 census, Fort Defiance had a population of 3,624 individuals.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 2020 census recorded the population of Fort Defiance as 3,541 individuals. The figure 3,624 corresponds to the 2010 census.
In the year 2000, the majority of Fort Defiance residents spoke English at home.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 2000, 54.6% of Fort Defiance residents spoke Navajo at home, while 45.4% spoke English, indicating Navajo was the majority language spoken at home.
The 2000 census data indicated that Native Americans constituted over 90% of Fort Defiance's population.
Answer: True
Explanation: According to the 2000 census, Native Americans comprised 92.9% of Fort Defiance's population, which is over 90%.
In 2000, approximately 20.1% of households in Fort Defiance were classified as non-families.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 2000 census data indicates that 20.1% of households in Fort Defiance were classified as non-families.
The median age of Fort Defiance residents in 2000 was 40 years.
Answer: False
Explanation: The median age of Fort Defiance residents in 2000 was 26 years, not 40 years.
In 2000, the median household income in Fort Defiance was higher than the median family income.
Answer: False
Explanation: In 2000, the median household income was $33,125, while the median family income was $35,448, indicating the median family income was higher.
Approximately 29.5% of Fort Defiance's population lived below the poverty line in 2000.
Answer: True
Explanation: In 2000, approximately 29.5% of the population in Fort Defiance lived below the poverty line.
What was the population of Fort Defiance according to the 2020 United States Census?
Answer: 3,541
Explanation: The 2020 United States Census recorded the population of Fort Defiance as 3,541 individuals.
Which of the following languages was spoken by the majority of Fort Defiance residents at home in the year 2000?
Answer: Navajo
Explanation: In the year 2000, Navajo was spoken at home by 54.6% of Fort Defiance residents, making it the majority language spoken at home.
According to the 2000 census, what was the predominant racial group in Fort Defiance?
Answer: Native American
Explanation: The 2000 census data indicated that Native Americans constituted the predominant racial group in Fort Defiance, making up 92.9% of the population.
What was the median age of the population in Fort Defiance in the year 2000?
Answer: 26 years
Explanation: The median age for the population of Fort Defiance in the year 2000 was 26 years.
In 2000, what percentage of Fort Defiance residents lived below the poverty line?
Answer: 29.5%
Explanation: Approximately 29.5% of Fort Defiance's population lived below the poverty line in the year 2000.
What was the median family income in Fort Defiance in 2000?
Answer: $35,448
Explanation: The median family income in Fort Defiance in 2000 was $35,448.
Which statement accurately describes the language situation in Fort Defiance based on 2000 data?
Answer: Navajo was spoken at home by slightly more than half the residents.
Explanation: In 2000, 54.6% of Fort Defiance residents spoke Navajo at home, indicating it was spoken by slightly more than half the residents.
Colonel John Washington was responsible for establishing Fort Defiance in 1851.
Answer: False
Explanation: Colonel John Washington was the first to note the land for Fort Defiance, but Colonel Edwin V. Sumner established the fort in 1851.
Kit Carson was dispatched to Fort Defiance to negotiate peace with the Navajo after its abandonment.
Answer: False
Explanation: Kit Carson was dispatched by General James H. Carleton to restore order and conduct operations against the Navajo, particularly after the fort was reestablished as Fort Canby, not primarily to negotiate peace immediately after its initial abandonment.
General Carleton's strategy involved relocating the Navajo to California and encouraging their assimilation.
Answer: False
Explanation: General Carleton's strategy involved forcing the Navajo on the 'Long Walk' and interning them near Fort Sumner, New Mexico, and destroying their livestock, not relocating them to California or primarily encouraging assimilation.
The image caption about Seth Eastman describes a painting from 1808.
Answer: False
Explanation: The image caption indicates that the painting by Seth Eastman dates to 1873, not 1808.
The image caption mentioning Jake, also known as Náltsos Nigéhani, describes him as a Navajo leader.
Answer: False
Explanation: The caption identifies Jake (Náltsos Nigéhani) as a Navajo silversmith and mail-carrier, not as a Navajo leader.
General Carleton's strategy against the Navajo involved which of the following actions?
Answer: Forcing the Navajo on the 'Long Walk' and destroying livestock.
Explanation: General Carleton's strategy involved forcing the Navajo onto the 'Long Walk,' interning them, and destroying their livestock.
Who was dispatched by Brigadier General James H. Carleton to restore order in the Fort Defiance area after its 1861 abandonment?
Answer: Kit Carson
Explanation: Brigadier General James H. Carleton dispatched Kit Carson to restore order in the Fort Defiance area following its abandonment.
The image caption mentioning a Navajo silversmith, Náltsos Nigéhani, also known as Jake, primarily describes his role as:
Answer: A mail-carrier between Fort Wingate and Fort Defiance.
Explanation: While the caption mentions Náltsos Nigéhani (Jake) is a silversmith, it primarily describes his role as a mail-carrier between Fort Wingate and Fort Defiance.
The image caption 'Navajo family with loom. Near Old Fort Defiance, New Mexico. Albumen print photograph, 1873.' indicates the photograph depicts:
Answer: A Navajo family engaged in weaving.
Explanation: The caption indicates the photograph depicts a Navajo family engaged in weaving, likely using a traditional loom.