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Francis Bacon was born in 1561 in London, and his father was the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon was born in London in 1561, and his father, Sir Nicholas Bacon, held the position of Lord Keeper of the Great Seal.
Bacon revered Aristotle and fully embraced Aristotelian philosophy as the foundation for his scientific methods.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Francis Bacon revered Aristotle, he explicitly rejected Aristotelian philosophy as barren and incorrect in its objectives, seeking new scientific methods.
During his three years abroad, Francis Bacon primarily focused on military training and combat strategies.
Answer: False
Explanation: During his three years abroad, Francis Bacon focused on political instruction, studying language, statecraft, and civil law, not primarily military training.
Francis Bacon inherited a significant estate from his father, which allowed him to pursue his studies without financial concern.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francis Bacon faced significant financial difficulties after his father's sudden death, as his father died before purchasing an intended estate for him, leaving him with only a fifth of the allocated money.
In what year and city was Francis Bacon born?
Answer: 1561, London
Explanation: Francis Bacon was born in 1561 in London, England.
What was Francis Bacon's view on Aristotelian philosophy during his early education at Cambridge?
Answer: He revered Aristotle but rejected Aristotelian philosophy as barren and incorrect.
Explanation: While Francis Bacon revered Aristotle, he rejected Aristotelian philosophy as barren and incorrect in its objectives during his studies at Cambridge.
What was a primary focus of Francis Bacon's three years abroad with Sir Amias Paulet?
Answer: Political instruction, studying language, statecraft, and civil law
Explanation: During his three years abroad, Francis Bacon gained valuable political instruction, studying language, statecraft, and civil law.
What was the primary financial challenge Francis Bacon faced after his father's sudden death?
Answer: His father died before purchasing an intended estate for him, leaving him with only a fifth of the allocated money.
Explanation: Francis Bacon's father died before purchasing an intended estate for him, leaving him with only a fifth of the allocated money, which led to significant financial challenges.
Francis Bacon served as both Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England under King James I.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon held the significant positions of Attorney General and Lord Chancellor under King James I, as detailed in the provided information.
Francis Bacon's parliamentary career began in 1581 when he was elected as an MP for Bossiney, Cornwall.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon's parliamentary career indeed began in 1581 with his election as an MP for Bossiney, Cornwall.
As a Parliamentarian, Francis Bacon strongly opposed the union of England and Scotland.
Answer: False
Explanation: As a Parliamentarian, Francis Bacon strongly advocated for the union of England and Scotland, not opposed it.
Bacon's standing with Queen Elizabeth I improved after he distanced himself from Robert Devereux, the Earl of Essex.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon's standing with Queen Elizabeth I improved after he strategically distanced himself from Robert Devereux, the 2nd Earl of Essex.
Francis Bacon was appointed to defend the Earl of Essex against charges of treason.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francis Bacon was appointed to investigate the charges against the Earl of Essex and later served as part of the legal team that prosecuted him for treason, not to defend him.
Francis Bacon was knighted in 1603 shortly after King James I ascended to the throne.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon was indeed knighted in 1603, shortly after King James I's succession, which brought him into greater favor.
Francis Bacon was appointed Lord Chancellor in 1618 and later elevated to Viscount St Alban in 1621.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon was appointed Lord Chancellor in 1618 and was indeed elevated to Viscount St Alban in 1621.
Francis Bacon's legal reforms were primarily adopted in England during his lifetime, leading to significant changes in the common law system.
Answer: False
Explanation: Many of Francis Bacon's specific proposals for law reform were not adopted during his lifetime in England, but his legal legacy influenced later reforms abroad, particularly in France.
Francis Bacon advocated for the use of torture as a punitive measure for state repression.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francis Bacon advocated for the use of torture as a 'modus operandi' for government agents to uncover acts of treason, clarifying that for him, it was not a punitive measure or a form of state repression.
Harvey Wheeler credited Francis Bacon with establishing the concept of trial by jury in the modern common law system.
Answer: False
Explanation: Harvey Wheeler credited Francis Bacon with establishing the practice of using legal cases as repositories of evidence for 'unwritten law' and other characteristics of the modern common law system, but not specifically the concept of trial by jury.
Which two significant roles did Francis Bacon hold under King James I?
Answer: Attorney General and Lord Chancellor
Explanation: Francis Bacon served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England under King James I.
In what year did Francis Bacon's parliamentary career begin?
Answer: 1581
Explanation: Francis Bacon's parliamentary career began in 1581 when he was elected as an MP for Bossiney, Cornwall.
As a Parliamentarian, Francis Bacon strongly advocated for which of the following?
Answer: The union of England and Scotland
Explanation: As a Parliamentarian, Francis Bacon strongly advocated for the union of England and Scotland, among other reforms.
How did Francis Bacon regain favor with Queen Elizabeth I after an initial period of disfavor?
Answer: By strategically distancing himself from Robert Devereux, the 2nd Earl of Essex.
Explanation: Francis Bacon regained favor with Queen Elizabeth I by strategically distancing himself from Robert Devereux, the 2nd Earl of Essex.
What was Francis Bacon's role in the treason trial of the Earl of Essex?
Answer: He was appointed to investigate the charges and later served on the prosecution team.
Explanation: Francis Bacon was appointed to investigate the charges against the Earl of Essex and later served on the prosecution team.
What was one of the immediate effects of King James I's ascension to the throne on Francis Bacon's career?
Answer: He was knighted in 1603.
Explanation: One immediate effect of King James I's ascension was that Francis Bacon was knighted in 1603, bringing him into greater favor.
In what year was Francis Bacon appointed Lord Chancellor?
Answer: 1618
Explanation: Francis Bacon was appointed Lord Chancellor in 1618.
According to William Hepworth Dixon, where did Francis Bacon's legal work find more success and fruition?
Answer: Abroad, particularly in France.
Explanation: William Hepworth Dixon noted that Francis Bacon's legal work found more success and fruition abroad, particularly in France, than in England.
Which of the following is a contribution to the modern common law system attributed to Francis Bacon by Harvey Wheeler?
Answer: Establishing the practice of using legal cases as repositories of evidence for 'unwritten law'.
Explanation: Harvey Wheeler credited Francis Bacon with establishing the practice of using legal cases as repositories of evidence for 'unwritten law' in the modern common law system.
Francis Bacon viewed torture within English law primarily as what?
Answer: A 'modus operandi' for government agents to uncover acts of treason.
Explanation: Francis Bacon viewed torture as a 'modus operandi' for government agents to uncover acts of treason, not as a punitive measure or form of state repression.
Francis Bacon advocated for scientific knowledge to be based primarily on deductive reasoning from established theories.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francis Bacon, known as the father of empiricism, advocated for scientific knowledge to be based on inductive reasoning and meticulous observation of natural phenomena, not primarily on deductive reasoning from established theories.
Francis Bacon believed that all knowledge, including about God, could be obtained through inductive study of the natural world.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francis Bacon believed that knowledge about God's specific attributes, actions, and purposes could only be obtained through special revelation, not solely through inductive study of the natural world.
Francis Bacon believed that divisions within Christianity would ultimately lead to atheism becoming a dominant worldview.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon was opposed to the fragmentation within Christianity, believing that such divisions would ultimately lead to atheism becoming a dominant worldview.
'Novum Organum' was highly influential in the 17th century for laying the fundamental principles of the scientific method.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon's 'Novum Organum' was highly influential in the 17th century for laying the fundamental principles of the scientific method, emphasizing observation and inductive reasoning.
Bacon's concept of induction involves starting with a pre-existing hypothesis and then seeking specific empirical data to confirm it.
Answer: False
Explanation: Bacon's concept of induction involves starting with observing specific details or 'particulars' in nature and then gradually ascending to general conclusions, rather than starting with a pre-existing hypothesis.
Francis Bacon is widely reputed as the 'Father of Deductive Philosophy'.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francis Bacon is widely reputed as the 'Father of Experimental Philosophy' and empiricism, not the 'Father of Deductive Philosophy'.
The 'Great Instauration' is Francis Bacon's comprehensive plan for a universal reform of knowledge.
Answer: True
Explanation: The 'Great Instauration' is Francis Bacon's comprehensive plan for a universal reform of knowledge, described as an ambitious project for intellectual and spiritual renewal.
Francis Bacon is widely recognized as the father of which philosophical approach?
Answer: Empiricism
Explanation: Francis Bacon is widely recognized as the father of empiricism, emphasizing observation and inductive reasoning.
According to Francis Bacon, how could knowledge about God's specific attributes, actions, and purposes be obtained?
Answer: Only through special revelation.
Explanation: Francis Bacon believed that knowledge about God's specific attributes, actions, and purposes could only be obtained through special revelation.
What did Francis Bacon believe would be the ultimate consequence of fragmentation within Christianity?
Answer: Atheism becoming a dominant worldview.
Explanation: Francis Bacon believed that fragmentation within Christianity would ultimately lead to atheism becoming a dominant worldview.
What was the primary impact of Francis Bacon's 'Novum Organum' in the 17th century?
Answer: It laid the fundamental principles of the scientific method, emphasizing observation and inductive reasoning.
Explanation: Francis Bacon's 'Novum Organum' laid the fundamental principles of the scientific method, emphasizing observation and inductive reasoning, and was highly influential in the 17th century.
According to Bacon, what is the starting point for induction as a method for acquiring scientific knowledge?
Answer: Observing specific details or 'particulars' in nature.
Explanation: According to Bacon, induction begins with observing specific details or 'particulars' in nature, rather than a pre-existing hypothesis or general axioms.
Francis Bacon is widely reputed by what significant title in the history of science?
Answer: The Father of Experimental Philosophy
Explanation: Francis Bacon is widely reputed as the 'Father of Experimental Philosophy' due to his emphasis on scientific experimentation and inductive reasoning.
Francis Bacon's 'Great Instauration' is described as being closely aligned with which intellectual movement?
Answer: The German Rosicrucian movement.
Explanation: Francis Bacon's 'Great Instauration' is described as being closely aligned with the German Rosicrucian movement, sharing a vision of intellectual and spiritual renewal.
Bacon's library cataloguing system categorized books into three main branches: history, poetry, and philosophy.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon's system for cataloguing books indeed categorized them into history, poetry, and philosophy, laying groundwork for future classification systems.
Francis Bacon famously stated that all books should be 'chewed and digested' for maximum understanding.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francis Bacon's famous metaphor for engaging with books states that some are to be tasted, others swallowed, and a select few to be chewed and digested, implying different levels of engagement, not that all should be chewed and digested.
Francis Bacon's philosophical writings are broadly categorized into Scientific, Religious and Literary, and Juridical works.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon's vast philosophical writings are indeed broadly categorized into Scientific, Religious and Literary, and Juridical works.
Francis Bacon authored a medical treatise titled 'History of Life and Death' aimed at prolonging human life.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon authored the treatise 'History of Life and Death,' which contained natural and experimental observations aimed at prolonging human life.
Francis Bacon's concept of knowledge classification emphasized it as an individual pursuit rather than a social interest.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francis Bacon's ideas reshaped the Western understanding of knowledge theory from an individual pursuit to a social interest, emphasizing public access to educational resources.
The aphorism 'knowledge is power' is commonly attributed to Francis Bacon.
Answer: True
Explanation: The well-known phrase 'knowledge is power' ('scientia potentia est') is commonly attributed to Francis Bacon, found in his work 'Meditationes Sacrae'.
'New Atlantis' and 'Novum Organum' are among Francis Bacon's notable published works.
Answer: True
Explanation: 'New Atlantis' and 'Novum Organum' are indeed among Francis Bacon's most notable published works.
Francis Bacon's system for cataloguing books categorized them under which three main branches?
Answer: History, Poetry, and Philosophy
Explanation: Bacon's library cataloguing system categorized books into history, poetry, and philosophy.
What metaphor did Francis Bacon use to describe different levels of engagement with books?
Answer: Some are to be tasted, others swallowed, and a select few to be chewed and digested.
Explanation: Francis Bacon famously stated that some books are meant to be tasted, others swallowed, and a select few to be chewed and digested.
Francis Bacon's vast philosophical writings are broadly categorized into which three main branches?
Answer: Scientific, Religious and Literary, and Juridical
Explanation: Francis Bacon's philosophical writings are broadly categorized into Scientific, Religious and Literary, and Juridical works.
What was the title of Francis Bacon's comprehensive treatise on medicine aimed at prolonging human life?
Answer: History of Life and Death
Explanation: Francis Bacon authored a comprehensive treatise on medicine titled 'History of Life and Death'.
Francis Bacon's ideas reshaped the Western understanding of knowledge theory from an individual pursuit to what?
Answer: A social interest.
Explanation: Francis Bacon's ideas reshaped the Western understanding of knowledge theory from an individual pursuit to a social interest, emphasizing public access to educational resources.
Which famous aphorism is commonly attributed to Francis Bacon?
Answer: Knowledge is power.
Explanation: The aphorism 'knowledge is power' ('scientia potentia est') is commonly attributed to Francis Bacon.
Which of the following pairs represents two of Francis Bacon's most notable published works?
Answer: Essays and Novum Organum
Explanation: 'Essays' and 'Novum Organum' are among Francis Bacon's most notable published works.
Voltaire introduced Bacon to a French audience as the 'father' of the scientific method, a title widely accepted by the 1750s.
Answer: True
Explanation: Voltaire notably introduced Francis Bacon to a French audience as the 'father' of the scientific method, a title that became widely accepted by the 1750s.
Francis Bacon was a leading figure in the establishment of British colonies in North America, including Virginia and Newfoundland.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon was a leading figure in the establishment of British colonies in North America, particularly in Virginia, the Carolinas, and Newfoundland.
Thomas Jefferson considered Francis Bacon, along with John Locke and Isaac Newton, to be the three greatest men who ever lived.
Answer: True
Explanation: Thomas Jefferson indeed considered Francis Bacon, along with John Locke and Isaac Newton, to be the three greatest men who ever lived, crediting them with laying foundational principles for advancements in both Physical and Moral sciences.
William Hepworth Dixon claimed that only scientists and engineers owe something to Bacon's contributions to the modern world.
Answer: False
Explanation: William Hepworth Dixon asserted that Francis Bacon's influence is immense, claiming that anyone who benefits from modern conveniences owes something to his contributions, not just scientists and engineers.
Who notably introduced Francis Bacon to a French audience as the 'father' of the scientific method?
Answer: Voltaire
Explanation: Voltaire notably introduced Francis Bacon to a French audience as the 'father' of the scientific method.
According to William Hepworth Dixon, who owes something to Francis Bacon's contributions?
Answer: Anyone who benefits from modern conveniences like trains, telegrams, or painless surgery.
Explanation: William Hepworth Dixon claimed that anyone who benefits from modern conveniences like trains, telegrams, or painless surgery owes something to Bacon's contributions.
Francis Bacon was a leading figure in the establishment of British colonies in North America, particularly in which two regions?
Answer: Virginia and Newfoundland
Explanation: Francis Bacon was a leading figure in the establishment of British colonies in North America, particularly in Virginia and Newfoundland.
Thomas Jefferson considered Francis Bacon to be one of the three greatest men who ever lived, alongside which two other figures?
Answer: John Locke and Isaac Newton
Explanation: Thomas Jefferson considered Francis Bacon, John Locke, and Isaac Newton to be the three greatest men who ever lived.
How was Francis Bacon's role in establishing the Newfoundland colony specifically commemorated in 1910?
Answer: A postage stamp was issued labeling him as 'the guiding spirit in Colonization Schemes'.
Explanation: In 1910, Newfoundland issued a postage stamp labeling Francis Bacon as 'the guiding spirit in Colonization Schemes' to commemorate his role in establishing the colony.
The Baconian theory is a widely accepted historical fact that attributes some of Shakespeare's plays to Francis Bacon.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Baconian theory is described as a 'fringe theory' that emerged in the mid-19th century, not a widely accepted historical fact.
William Rawley characterized Francis Bacon as a judge who sought revenge for injuries and was prone to defaming individuals.
Answer: False
Explanation: William Rawley, Bacon's personal secretary, characterized him as a tender-hearted judge who was free from malice, did not seek revenge, and never defamed any individual.
One theory suggests Francis Bacon's confession of guilt might have been influenced by a potential blackmail threat involving charges of sodomy.
Answer: True
Explanation: Some authors speculate that Francis Bacon's confession of guilt might have been influenced by a potential blackmail threat involving charges of sodomy, among other factors.
Francis Bacon disinherited his wife, Alice Barnham, after discovering her secret romantic relationship with Sir John Underhill.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon disinherited his wife, Alice Barnham, after discovering her secret romantic relationship with Sir John Underhill.
All historical accounts definitively confirm Francis Bacon was exclusively attracted to women.
Answer: False
Explanation: Several authors suggest Francis Bacon was primarily attracted to men, using the contemporary term 'masculine love,' and historical accounts imply potential charges of buggery, disputing the claim that he was exclusively attracted to women.
The Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship posits what about Francis Bacon's involvement?
Answer: That Francis Bacon wrote at least some, and potentially all, of the plays traditionally attributed to William Shakespeare.
Explanation: The Baconian theory posits that Francis Bacon wrote at least some, and potentially all, of the plays traditionally attributed to William Shakespeare.
According to William Rawley, how did Francis Bacon typically approach legal examples versus individuals in his role as a judge?
Answer: He looked upon legal examples with severity but upon the person with pity and compassion.
Explanation: William Rawley stated that Francis Bacon looked upon legal examples with severity but upon the person with pity and compassion.
Which of the following is an alternative theory regarding Francis Bacon's confession of guilt?
Answer: His confession might have been influenced by poor health or a potential blackmail threat.
Explanation: One alternative theory suggests Francis Bacon's confession might have been influenced by poor health or a potential blackmail threat involving charges of sodomy.
What was the ultimate reason Francis Bacon disinherited his wife, Alice Barnham?
Answer: Her secret romantic relationship with Sir John Underhill.
Explanation: Francis Bacon disinherited his wife, Alice Barnham, after discovering her secret romantic relationship with Sir John Underhill.
What do several authors suggest about Francis Bacon's primary attraction, using the contemporary term 'masculine love'?
Answer: He was primarily attracted to men.
Explanation: Several authors suggest that Francis Bacon was primarily attracted to men, using the contemporary term 'masculine love'.
Francis Bacon's political career ended in 1621 due to charges of treason instigated by King James I.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francis Bacon's public career ended in 1621 due to charges of corruption instigated by a parliamentary committee, not treason charges instigated by King James I.
As a consequence of corruption charges, Francis Bacon was permanently stripped of his noble titles and imprisoned for several years.
Answer: False
Explanation: As a consequence of corruption charges, Francis Bacon was briefly imprisoned for a few days and narrowly avoided being stripped of his noble titles, not permanently stripped and imprisoned for several years.
Francis Bacon denied accepting any gifts from litigants, claiming complete innocence in the bribery scandal.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francis Bacon acknowledged accepting gifts from litigants but maintained that these gifts had never influenced his judicial decisions, rather than denying accepting any gifts whatsoever.
Francis Bacon died at the age of 65 from pneumonia in 1626.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francis Bacon died on April 9, 1626, at the age of 65, from pneumonia.
William Rawley's account of Bacon's death suggests he contracted pneumonia after an experiment to preserve a hen in snow.
Answer: False
Explanation: John Aubrey's 'Brief Lives' provides the account suggesting Bacon contracted pneumonia after an experiment to preserve a hen in snow, while William Rawley offered a different, more formal account.
At the time of his death, Francis Bacon had significant debts amounting to over £4 million in modern currency.
Answer: True
Explanation: At the time of his death, Francis Bacon had significant debts amounting to more than £23,000, which is equivalent to over £4 million in modern currency.
What was the primary reason for Francis Bacon's public disgrace and the end of his political career in 1621?
Answer: Charges of corruption instigated by a parliamentary committee.
Explanation: Francis Bacon's public disgrace and the end of his political career in 1621 were due to charges of corruption instigated by a parliamentary committee.
Which of the following was a consequence of the corruption charges for Francis Bacon?
Answer: He was sentenced to a fine of £40,000 and briefly imprisoned.
Explanation: As a consequence of the corruption charges, Francis Bacon was sentenced to a fine of £40,000 and briefly imprisoned, though the fine was remitted and imprisonment lasted only a few days.
How did Francis Bacon defend himself against the accusations of bribery?
Answer: He acknowledged accepting gifts but maintained they never influenced his judicial decisions.
Explanation: Francis Bacon acknowledged accepting gifts but maintained they never influenced his judicial decisions.
What was the cause of Francis Bacon's death in 1626?
Answer: Pneumonia
Explanation: Francis Bacon died from pneumonia in 1626.
Which individual provided an account suggesting Francis Bacon contracted pneumonia after an experiment to preserve a hen in snow?
Answer: John Aubrey
Explanation: John Aubrey's 'Brief Lives' provides the account suggesting Francis Bacon contracted pneumonia after an experiment to preserve a hen in snow.
What was Francis Bacon's financial situation at the time of his death?
Answer: He had significant assets but also substantial debts.
Explanation: At the time of his death, Francis Bacon had significant assets but also substantial debts.