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Francisco del Rosario Sánchez was born on March 9, 1817, in Santo Domingo.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez was born in Santo Domingo on March 9, 1817.
Sánchez was born during the 'España Boba' period, characterized by economic prosperity and cultural flourishing.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'España Boba' period, during which Sánchez was born, was characterized by an economic and cultural crisis, not prosperity.
Francisco del Rosario Sánchez's mother, Olaya del Rosario Belén, was a free woman of color with Canarian ancestry, while his father, Narciso Sánchez Ramona, was of freedman status.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sánchez's mother, Olaya del Rosario Belén, was a free woman of color with Canarian ancestry, and his father, Narciso Sánchez Ramona, was of freedman status.
Both of Francisco del Rosario Sánchez's parents were involved in the meat trade and cattle raising.
Answer: False
Explanation: While his father, Narciso Sánchez, was involved in the meat trade and cattle raising, his mother, Olaya del Rosario, was a hairdresser and comb producer.
Fernando Raimundo Sánchez, Francisco's paternal grandfather, was a wealthy landowner who owned extensive estates across the island.
Answer: False
Explanation: Fernando Raimundo Sánchez, Francisco's paternal grandfather, was part of the free black population and concentrated his livestock business in the eastern part of the island, but did not own extensive estates and did not achieve significant fortune.
Francisco del Rosario Sánchez's parents married shortly after his birth, legitimizing their union.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sánchez's parents, Olaya del Rosario Belén and Narciso Sánchez Ramona, married in 1819, after his birth, thereby legitimizing their union.
Narciso Sánchez, Francisco's father, held liberal and nationalist ideals that aligned with his son's.
Answer: False
Explanation: Narciso Sánchez held a pro-Spanish position, influenced by the damage inflicted on the livestock industry by Haitians, which contrasted with his son's liberal and nationalist ideals.
Sánchez's childhood occurred during the period of Haitian rule, which began after the 'Ephemeral Independence' led by José Núñez de Cáceres.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sánchez's childhood took place during the Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo, which commenced in 1822 following the brief 'Ephemeral Independence' period.
Sánchez's early education was primarily influenced by his father and the Haitian administration.
Answer: False
Explanation: While his father influenced him, Sánchez's early education was also significantly shaped by his mother and the Peruvian priest Gaspar Hernández, who encouraged his patriotic sentiments.
Francisco del Rosario Sánchez was largely self-taught and learned Latin, English, and French later in life.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sánchez was notably self-taught, developing a passion for learning and later acquiring proficiency in Latin, English, and French.
Olaya del Rosario, despite her Canarian ancestry and white appearance, was legally classified as "Pardo" by Spanish colonial authorities.
Answer: True
Explanation: Spanish colonial authorities classified Olaya del Rosario as "Pardo" despite her Canarian ancestry and white appearance, reflecting the complex racial classifications of the era.
In what year and city was Francisco del Rosario Sánchez born?
Answer: 1817 in Santo Domingo
Explanation: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez was born in Santo Domingo in the year 1817.
The period known as 'España Boba', coinciding with Sánchez's birth, was characterized by:
Answer: An economic and cultural crisis following Spain's reincorporation of Santo Domingo.
Explanation: The 'España Boba' period, during which Sánchez was born, was marked by significant economic and cultural difficulties for Santo Domingo.
What was the social and economic background of Francisco del Rosario Sánchez's parents?
Answer: His mother was a free woman of color with Canarian ancestry, and his father was of freedman status.
Explanation: Sánchez's mother, Olaya del Rosario Belén, was a free woman of color with Canarian roots, while his father, Narciso Sánchez Ramona, was of freedman status.
Which of the following was NOT an occupation of Francisco del Rosario Sánchez's parents?
Answer: Diplomacy
Explanation: Sánchez's mother worked as a hairdresser and comb producer, while his father was involved in the meat trade and cattle raising. Diplomacy was not listed as an occupation for either parent.
What was the political stance of Narciso Sánchez, Francisco's father?
Answer: He held a pro-Spanish position, influenced by damage to the livestock industry by Haitians.
Explanation: Narciso Sánchez maintained a pro-Spanish stance, partly due to the negative impact of Haitian actions on the livestock industry, contrasting with his son's nationalist ideals.
During which period did Sánchez's childhood occur, marked by Haitian rule after the 'Ephemeral Independence'?
Answer: The Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo
Explanation: Sánchez's childhood unfolded during the period of Haitian rule, which began in 1822 following the short-lived 'Ephemeral Independence'.
Which priest significantly influenced Sánchez's early years and encouraged his patriotic path?
Answer: Father Gaspar Hernández
Explanation: The Peruvian priest Gaspar Hernández played a significant role in Sánchez's formative years, nurturing his patriotic sentiments.
What was noted about Olaya del Rosario's racial classification in colonial times?
Answer: She was legally classified as 'Pardo' despite her white appearance and Canarian ancestry.
Explanation: Despite her Canarian heritage and fair complexion, Olaya del Rosario was legally designated as 'Pardo' by Spanish colonial authorities.
Francisco del Rosario Sánchez is recognized as the primary leader of the Dominican War of Independence, surpassing Juan Pablo Duarte.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Francisco del Rosario Sánchez was a crucial leader, Juan Pablo Duarte is historically recognized as the primary ideologue and leader of the Dominican War of Independence.
Following Juan Pablo Duarte's exile, Francisco del Rosario Sánchez took over leadership of the independence movement and successfully led the declaration of independence on February 27, 1844.
Answer: True
Explanation: After Duarte's exile, Sánchez assumed leadership of La Trinitaria and was instrumental in organizing and executing the declaration of independence on February 27, 1844.
Sánchez met Juan Pablo Duarte during philosophy classes and was recruited into La Trinitaria in 1838.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sánchez met Juan Pablo Duarte during philosophy classes, and Duarte, recognizing his potential, recruited him into La Trinitaria in 1838.
The primary objective of La Trinitaria was to establish a protectorate under Spanish rule.
Answer: False
Explanation: The primary objective of La Trinitaria was to achieve Dominican independence from Haitian rule, not to establish a protectorate under Spanish rule.
After Duarte's exile, Sánchez, at 25 years old, assumed leadership of La Trinitaria and earned Duarte's complete trust.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following Duarte's exile, Sánchez, then 25, took leadership of La Trinitaria, earning Duarte's trust and playing a vital role in the movement.
Sánchez championed the goal of independence from Haiti during the Reform Revolution in 1843.
Answer: True
Explanation: During the Reform Revolution of 1843, Sánchez emerged as a key proponent of Dominican independence from Haitian rule.
Sánchez evaded Haitian authorities after the Reform Revolution by fleeing to Europe.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sánchez evaded Haitian authorities by remaining in the country and spreading a rumor of his own secret burial, rather than fleeing to Europe.
A letter sent to Juan Pablo Duarte in November 1843 requested rifles and cartridges and expressed distrust towards Matías Ramón Mella.
Answer: True
Explanation: A letter co-signed by Sánchez and Vicente Celestino Duarte informed Juan Pablo Duarte about the favorable circumstances for their cause and requested supplies, also expressing distrust towards Matías Ramón Mella.
Pedro Alejandro Pina reported to Duarte that the French supporters were gaining strength and the reigning party awaited Duarte's return.
Answer: False
Explanation: Pedro Alejandro Pina reported that French supporters were weakening and that the reigning party awaited Duarte's return, indicating progress for the Duartista cause.
The 'Manifesto of January 16' called for the creation of a Dominican Republic as a protectorate of France.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Manifesto of January 16' advocated for the establishment of a fully sovereign Dominican Republic, contrasting with proposals for a French protectorate.
In the Manifesto of January 16, Sánchez asserted the people's right to overthrow a tyrannical government.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Manifesto of January 16, articulated by Sánchez, affirmed the inherent right of the people to resist and overthrow tyrannical governance.
The plan for the uprising on February 27, 1844, involved Sánchez leading the attack on the Ozama Fortress.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Sánchez was a key leader, the plan involved raiding the Ozama Fortress, which he participated in, but the primary symbolic acts at Puerta del Conde were performed by Mella and Sánchez.
On February 27, 1844, Sánchez raised the first independent Dominican flag at the Puerta del Conde and proclaimed "Dios, Patria, Y Libertad."
Answer: True
Explanation: At the Puerta del Conde on February 27, 1844, Sánchez raised the Dominican flag and proclaimed the national motto "Dios, Patria, Y Libertad" (God, Homeland, and Freedom).
The Levasseur Plan aimed to establish the Dominican Republic as a protectorate of Great Britain.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Levasseur Plan, proposed by the French consul, aimed to establish the Dominican Republic as a protectorate of France.
On June 9, 1844, the Trinitarios staged a coup to expel supporters of the French protectorate and restore Sánchez to the presidency.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Trinitarios, led by Sánchez, did stage a coup on June 9, 1844, to remove French sympathizers and reinstate Sánchez as president of the Governing Board.
Who is recognized as the second most prominent leader of the Dominican War of Independence, following Juan Pablo Duarte?
Answer: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez
Explanation: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez is widely acknowledged as the second most significant leader of the Dominican War of Independence, following Juan Pablo Duarte.
Following Juan Pablo Duarte's exile, who assumed leadership of the independence movement and led the declaration of independence on February 27, 1844?
Answer: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez
Explanation: After Juan Pablo Duarte's exile, Francisco del Rosario Sánchez assumed leadership of the independence movement and was instrumental in the declaration of independence on February 27, 1844.
What was the primary objective of La Trinitaria, founded by Juan Pablo Duarte and joined by Sánchez?
Answer: To achieve Dominican freedom from Haitian rule.
Explanation: The principal aim of La Trinitaria was to secure the Dominican Republic's independence from Haitian governance.
What action did Sánchez take during the Reform Revolution in 1843 that diverged from Haitian liberal goals?
Answer: He championed the goal of independence from Haiti.
Explanation: During the Reform Revolution of 1843, Sánchez actively promoted the objective of Dominican independence from Haiti, diverging from the prevailing Haitian liberal agenda.
How did Sánchez evade Haitian authorities for over seven months after the Reform Revolution?
Answer: He spread a rumor of his own secret burial.
Explanation: To evade capture by Haitian authorities after the Reform Revolution, Sánchez strategically spread a rumor of his own secret burial.
What was the significance of the "Manifesto of January 16"?
Answer: It called for the creation of a fully sovereign Dominican Republic.
Explanation: The "Manifesto of January 16" articulated the aspiration for a fully sovereign Dominican Republic, distinguishing itself from other political proposals of the era.
What symbolic act occurred at the Puerta del Conde on February 27, 1844, marking Dominican independence?
Answer: Matías Ramón Mella fired a shot, and Sánchez raised the Dominican flag.
Explanation: On February 27, 1844, Matías Ramón Mella fired his blunderbuss, and Sánchez raised the Dominican flag at the Puerta del Conde, symbolizing the nation's independence.
What was the objective of the "Levasseur Plan"?
Answer: To establish the Dominican Republic as a protectorate of France.
Explanation: The "Levasseur Plan" proposed by the French consul aimed to make the Dominican Republic a protectorate of France.
After Dominican independence, Francisco del Rosario Sánchez served as the first interim president but faced no significant political opposition or personal repercussions.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sánchez faced considerable political opposition, particularly from Pedro Santana, which led to his incarceration, loss of assets, and eventual exile.
Francisco del Rosario Sánchez had children with only one partner, Felícita Martínez.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez had children with multiple partners, including Felícita Martínez, María Evarista Hinojosa, Leoncia Leydes Rodríguez, and Mercedes Pembrén Chevalier.
Sánchez ceded the presidency of the Central Government Board on February 29, 1844, to Juan Pablo Duarte.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sánchez ceded the presidency of the Central Government Board on February 29, 1844, to Tomás Bobadilla, recognizing the influence of the conservative sector.
Sánchez was exiled to Europe in August 1844 after being declared a traitor by the Central Government Board led by Pedro Santana.
Answer: True
Explanation: In August 1844, the Central Government Board, under Pedro Santana's influence, declared Sánchez and other Trinitario leaders traitors and exiled them to Europe.
During his first exile journey, Sánchez and Mella were lost at sea after a shipwreck off the coast of Ireland.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Sánchez and Mella were involved in a shipwreck off the coast of Ireland during their exile, they survived and eventually reached Dublin before proceeding to New York.
In Curaçao, Sánchez worked as a merchant and established a successful business.
Answer: False
Explanation: During his exile in Curaçao, Sánchez worked as a teacher, educating students in various subjects, rather than as a merchant.
Sánchez was granted amnesty and allowed to return to the Dominican Republic in 1848 under President Manuel Jimenes.
Answer: True
Explanation: President Manuel Jimenes granted amnesty to exiled patriots, including Sánchez, allowing his return to the Dominican Republic in 1848.
Upon his return in 1848, Sánchez reconnected with his parents and later married Balbina Peña.
Answer: True
Explanation: Upon his return in 1848, Sánchez reunited with his parents and later married Balbina Peña.
During the Haitian invasion led by Faustin Soulouque, Sánchez served as Commander of Arms for Santiago.
Answer: False
Explanation: During the Haitian invasion led by Faustin Soulouque, Sánchez served as Commander of Arms for Santo Domingo, not Santiago.
Sánchez refused to support Pedro Santana's coup against President Jimenes and retired from political life.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sánchez declined to support Pedro Santana's coup against President Jimenes and subsequently withdrew from political life, focusing on his legal practice.
In his 1853 article "Amnesty," Sánchez praised Santana, elevating him to the status of the nation's greatest hero.
Answer: True
Explanation: In his 1853 article "Amnesty," Sánchez lauded Santana, referring to him as the nation's greatest hero, a stance that drew criticism but reflected a pragmatic approach to national unity.
Sánchez's second exile in 1855 occurred because he supported Pedro Santana against Buenaventura Báez.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sánchez's second exile in 1855 was a consequence of his alignment with Buenaventura Báez in opposition to Pedro Santana's increasingly despotic rule.
Sánchez's relationship with Santana deteriorated by 1853 when Santana expelled Báez, causing Sánchez to align with Báez.
Answer: True
Explanation: By 1853, Sánchez's relationship with Santana had fractured, particularly after Santana expelled Báez, leading Sánchez to align with Báez and his liberal supporters.
Spain's consul, Antonio María Segovia, provided a protective shield for Báez supporters against Santana by allowing them to become Spanish citizens.
Answer: True
Explanation: Antonio María Segovia, the Spanish consul, offered protection to Báez supporters against Santana by facilitating their acquisition of Spanish citizenship.
During Báez's second presidential term, Sánchez served as governor of the province of Puerto Plata.
Answer: False
Explanation: During Báez's second presidential term, Sánchez served as governor of the province of Santo Domingo and discreetly retained the position of Commander of Arms for the city.
When Pedro Santana was captured by José María Cabral, Sánchez treated him with hostility and demanded his immediate execution.
Answer: False
Explanation: When Santana was captured and exiled by Cabral, Sánchez demonstrated compassion, allowing Santana to stay at his residence and treating him with kindness.
The Cibaeño Revolution began in 1857 as an uprising against Báez's government due to the issuance of paper money.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Cibaeño Revolution commenced in 1857 as a protest against Báez's administration, primarily motivated by the controversial issuance of paper money.
Sánchez successfully defended Captain Víctor George against charges of adultery, persuading the magistrates with his closing argument.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sánchez demonstrated his legal acumen by successfully defending Captain Víctor George in an adultery case, securing an acquittal through his persuasive closing argument.
What challenges did Francisco del Rosario Sánchez face after serving as the Dominican Republic's first interim president?
Answer: He was challenged by rivals, leading to his incarceration, asset deprivation, and exile.
Explanation: Following his interim presidency, Sánchez encountered significant political opposition and personal repercussions, including incarceration and exile.
Why did Sánchez cede the presidency of the Central Government Board on February 29, 1844?
Answer: He recognized the conservative sector's greater social influence and expected role in governing.
Explanation: Sánchez relinquished the presidency of the Central Government Board to Tomás Bobadilla, acknowledging the significant social influence of the conservative faction.
Why were the Trinitario chiefs, including Sánchez, declared "traitors to the Homeland" and exiled in August 1844?
Answer: For their role in the independence movement, orchestrated by Santana's government.
Explanation: The Trinitario leaders, including Sánchez, were declared "traitors" and exiled in August 1844 due to political machinations orchestrated by Pedro Santana's government.
What happened to Sánchez and Mella during their first exile journey?
Answer: They successfully reached New York after a shipwreck off Ireland.
Explanation: During their first exile, Sánchez and Mella survived a shipwreck off the Irish coast before continuing their journey to New York.
During his exile in Curaçao, what profession did Francisco del Rosario Sánchez pursue?
Answer: He worked as a teacher, educating students in Spanish and other subjects.
Explanation: While in exile in Curaçao, Francisco del Rosario Sánchez dedicated himself to teaching, imparting knowledge in Spanish and other languages.
Under which president was Sánchez granted amnesty and allowed to return to the Dominican Republic in 1848?
Answer: President Manuel Jimenes
Explanation: President Manuel Jimenes granted amnesty to exiled patriots, facilitating Sánchez's return to the Dominican Republic in 1848.
What was Sánchez's reaction to Pedro Santana's coup against President Jimenes?
Answer: He refused to support the coup and retired from political life.
Explanation: Sánchez declined to endorse Pedro Santana's coup against President Jimenes, choosing instead to withdraw from political engagement.
In his 1853 article "Amnesty," Sánchez's praise for Santana drew criticism primarily because:
Answer: He elevated Santana to the status of the nation's greatest hero.
Explanation: Sánchez's article "Amnesty" drew criticism because it lauded Santana as the nation's preeminent hero, a portrayal that some found incongruous with Santana's actions.
What led to Sánchez's second exile in 1855?
Answer: His alignment with Buenaventura Báez against Pedro Santana's despotism.
Explanation: Sánchez's second exile in 1855 resulted from his alliance with Buenaventura Báez in opposition to Pedro Santana's increasingly authoritarian rule.
How did Spain's consul, Antonio María Segovia, provide a protective shield for Báez supporters against Santana?
Answer: By allowing Dominicans to become Spanish citizens.
Explanation: Antonio María Segovia offered protection to Báez supporters by enabling them to acquire Spanish citizenship, thereby shielding them from Santana's actions.
What positions did Sánchez hold during Báez's second presidential term?
Answer: Governor of Santo Domingo province and Commander of Arms.
Explanation: During Báez's second presidential term, Sánchez was appointed Governor of Santo Domingo province and also served as Commander of Arms.
When Pedro Santana was taken prisoner by José María Cabral, how did Sánchez treat him?
Answer: He allowed Santana to stay at his residence and treated him with compassion.
Explanation: Despite their past conflicts, Sánchez treated Pedro Santana with compassion when Santana was captured by José María Cabral, offering him refuge at his residence.
What was the cause of the Cibaeño Revolution that began in 1857?
Answer: Opposition to Buenaventura Báez's government due to the issuance of paper money.
Explanation: The Cibaeño Revolution in 1857 was sparked by opposition to Báez's government, primarily concerning the controversial issuance of paper money.
What was the outcome of the adultery case where Sánchez served as defense attorney for Captain Víctor George?
Answer: Captain George was acquitted after Sánchez's persuasive closing argument.
Explanation: Sánchez's skillful defense led to the acquittal of Captain Víctor George in an adultery case, earning him accolades from the audience.
The Annexation to Spain was driven by political stability and a strong Dominican economy.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Annexation to Spain was precipitated by severe political instability, significant debt, and persistent fears of Haitian incursions, not by stability or a strong economy.
Sánchez was exiled for the third time in 1859 due to his support for Buenaventura Báez against Pedro Santana.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sánchez faced his third exile in 1859, largely due to Santana's suspicions regarding his opposition to Santana's negotiations for annexation with Spain.
Upon learning of the annexation to Spain, Sánchez supported Santana's decision and severed ties with Báez.
Answer: False
Explanation: Upon learning of the annexation, Sánchez reacted with outrage, opposing Santana's decision and reverting to his core Trinitario ideals of independence.
The "Dominican Revolutionary Board" was formed by Sánchez to organize opposition against the annexation to Spain.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sánchez established the "Dominican Revolutionary Board" as a platform to galvanize opposition against the annexation of the Dominican Republic to Spain.
Sánchez sought support from President Fabre Geffrard of Haiti to liberate the Dominican Republic from Spanish neocolonialism.
Answer: True
Explanation: In his efforts to counter Spanish neocolonialism, Sánchez sought and secured support from President Fabre Geffrard of Haiti.
The expedition organized by Sánchez with Haitian support was called the "Dominican Restoration Movement."
Answer: False
Explanation: The expedition organized by Sánchez with Haitian support was known as the "Dominican Regeneration Movement."
In his final manifesto of January 20, 1861, Sánchez denounced Santana's actions as treasonous and called for armed resistance against the Spanish.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sánchez's final manifesto of January 20, 1861, condemned Santana's actions as treasonous and urged Dominicans to resist the Spanish annexation.
In his final manifesto, Sánchez declared, "I AM THE NATIONAL FLAG," symbolizing his commitment to Dominican independence.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sánchez's final manifesto included the powerful declaration, "I AM THE NATIONAL FLAG," underscoring his profound dedication to Dominican sovereignty.
Sánchez entered the Dominican Republic for his final campaign in June 1861 through the city of Santiago.
Answer: False
Explanation: Sánchez entered the Dominican Republic for his final campaign in June 1861 through Hondo Valle, not Santiago.
Sánchez's final expedition was divided into three bodies, with him leading the center to attack San Juan from the east.
Answer: True
Explanation: The final expedition was structured into three corps, with Sánchez commanding the central contingent tasked with attacking San Juan from the eastern approach.
Haitian support for Sánchez's expedition was withdrawn due to threats from a Spanish squadron.
Answer: True
Explanation: The withdrawal of Haitian support for Sánchez's expedition was prompted by threats posed by a Spanish naval squadron positioned in Port-au-Prince.
Which factors contributed to the prevailing political and economic conditions that led to the Annexation to Spain?
Answer: Severe political and economic disorder, debt, and fear of Haitian attacks.
Explanation: The Annexation to Spain was driven by a confluence of severe political disorder, substantial debt, and persistent anxieties regarding potential Haitian incursions.
Why was Sánchez exiled for the third and final time in 1859?
Answer: For opposing Pedro Santana's negotiations with Spain for annexation.
Explanation: Sánchez was exiled in 1859 due to Santana's apprehension about his strong opposition to the ongoing negotiations for the country's annexation to Spain.
What was Sánchez's reaction to the news of the Dominican Republic's annexation to Spain?
Answer: He was outraged, opposed the annexation, and reverted to his Trinitario ideals.
Explanation: Upon learning of the annexation to Spain, Sánchez expressed strong opposition, reaffirming his commitment to the Trinitario ideals of national independence.
What was the purpose of the "Dominican Revolutionary Board" formed by Sánchez?
Answer: To organize opposition against the annexation of the Dominican Republic to Spain.
Explanation: The "Dominican Revolutionary Board" was established by Sánchez to coordinate resistance against the annexation of the Dominican Republic to Spain.
From whom did Sánchez seek support to liberate the Dominican Republic from Spanish neocolonialism?
Answer: President Fabre Geffrard of Haiti.
Explanation: Sánchez sought assistance from President Fabre Geffrard of Haiti in his endeavor to liberate the Dominican Republic from Spanish neocolonialism.
What was the title of the expedition organized by Sánchez with Haitian support?
Answer: The Dominican Regeneration Movement
Explanation: The expedition organized by Sánchez with Haitian backing was designated the "Dominican Regeneration Movement."
In his final manifesto of January 20, 1861, what did Sánchez proclaim regarding Santana's actions?
Answer: He denounced Santana's actions as treasonous and called for resistance against the Spanish.
Explanation: In his final manifesto, Sánchez unequivocally denounced Santana's actions as treasonous and urged a call to arms against the Spanish annexation.
What did Sánchez claim about his own identity in his final manifesto?
Answer: "I AM THE NATIONAL FLAG."
Explanation: In his final manifesto, Sánchez declared, "I AM THE NATIONAL FLAG," symbolizing his ultimate commitment to the Dominican cause.
Where did Sánchez enter the Dominican Republic in June 1861 for his final campaign?
Answer: Through Hondo Valle, in the province of Elías Piña.
Explanation: Sánchez initiated his final campaign by entering the Dominican Republic through Hondo Valle, located in the province of Elías Piña, in June 1861.
What caused the withdrawal of Haitian support for Sánchez's expedition?
Answer: Threats from a Spanish squadron stationed in Port-au-Prince.
Explanation: The Haitian support for Sánchez's expedition was withdrawn due to threats posed by a Spanish squadron based in Port-au-Prince.
Francisco del Rosario Sánchez died peacefully in exile in Curaçao in 1855.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez did not die peacefully in exile; he was executed by firing squad on July 4, 1861, in San Juan de la Maguana.
Francisco del Rosario Sánchez was captured on June 20, 1861, near Hondo Valle after being wounded and refusing an offer to escape.
Answer: True
Explanation: Wounded and refusing an escape opportunity, Francisco del Rosario Sánchez was captured on June 20, 1861, near Hondo Valle.
During his military trial, Sánchez argued that his actions should be judged under Spanish law, as the Dominican Republic was annexed.
Answer: False
Explanation: During his trial, Sánchez argued that his actions were not subject to Dominican law, nor Spanish law at that point, questioning the jurisdiction over his defense of national independence.
Sánchez implored the clemency of Queen Isabel II for his companions during his trial, stating "for me, nothing; I die with my work."
Answer: True
Explanation: During his trial, Sánchez appealed for clemency for his companions from Queen Isabel II, famously stating, "for me, nothing; I die with my work."
Francisco del Rosario Sánchez was executed by firing squad on July 4, 1861, in Santo Domingo.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez was executed by firing squad on July 4, 1861, but the location was San Juan de la Maguana, not Santo Domingo.
How did Francisco del Rosario Sánchez die?
Answer: He was executed by firing squad on July 4, 1861, after being lured into a trap.
Explanation: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez was executed by firing squad on July 4, 1861, following his capture during his final campaign.
How was Francisco del Rosario Sánchez captured?
Answer: He was ambushed and captured near Hondo Valle after his allies withdrew support.
Explanation: Sánchez was captured near Hondo Valle on June 20, 1861, after his allies withdrew support and an ambush was set.
What legal argument did Sánchez present during his defense regarding the jurisdiction over his actions?
Answer: He argued his actions were not subject to Dominican or Spanish law.
Explanation: Sánchez contended during his defense that his actions were not subject to the jurisdiction of either Dominican or Spanish law.
What did Sánchez implore from Doña Isabel II during his trial?
Answer: For the clemency of Heaven and the Queen for his companions.
Explanation: During his trial, Sánchez appealed to Doña Isabel II, the Queen of Spain, requesting clemency for his companions.
Where was Francisco del Rosario Sánchez executed?
Answer: In San Juan de la Maguana
Explanation: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez was executed by firing squad in San Juan de la Maguana.
The Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella is a prestigious honor named in part to recognize Francisco del Rosario Sánchez's role in Dominican independence.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella is indeed a high Dominican honor that acknowledges the contributions of these three key figures in the nation's independence.
Juan Francisco Sánchez Peña, Sánchez's son, achieved the rank of General and served as Minister of Finance.
Answer: True
Explanation: Juan Francisco Sánchez Peña, the son of Francisco del Rosario Sánchez, became a General and served as Minister of Finance.
Historians describe Sánchez as short, robust, and known for his serious demeanor and lack of humor.
Answer: False
Explanation: Historian Juan Daniel Balcácer described Sánchez as tall, circumspect, and possessing a fine sense of humor, contradicting the notion of a serious demeanor and lack of humor.
Sánchez's execution fueled the struggle for independence, triggering the Dominican Restoration War.
Answer: True
Explanation: The execution of Sánchez served as a catalyst, intensifying the national resolve for independence and contributing significantly to the outbreak of the Dominican Restoration War.
Sánchez's sister, Socorro, was exiled for two years and later imprisoned for speaking out against the Spanish regime.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following her brother's execution, Socorro Sánchez was exiled for two years and subsequently imprisoned for her vocal opposition to the Spanish regime.
Some historians consider Francisco del Rosario Sánchez the true father of the Dominican nation due to his leadership after Duarte's exile.
Answer: True
Explanation: Due to his pivotal leadership following Duarte's exile and his ultimate sacrifice, some historians regard Francisco del Rosario Sánchez as the true father of the Dominican nation.
Manuel Rodríguez Objío described Sánchez as the "Creator of the Dominican nationality and first soldier of independence."
Answer: True
Explanation: Manuel Rodríguez Objío lauded Sánchez as the "Creator of the Dominican nationality and first soldier of independence," recognizing his foundational role and ultimate martyrdom.
The remains of Francisco del Rosario Sánchez are interred in the Altar de la Patria mausoleum in Parque Independencia, Santo Domingo.
Answer: True
Explanation: The remains of Francisco del Rosario Sánchez are honored at the Altar de la Patria mausoleum within Parque Independencia in Santo Domingo.
Francisco del Rosario Sánchez is depicted on the 10 Dominican peso note.
Answer: False
Explanation: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez is depicted on the 5 Dominican peso note and coin, as well as the 100 peso note, not the 10 peso note.
Francisco del Rosario Sánchez is listed in international databases such as ISNI, VIAF, and WorldCat.
Answer: True
Explanation: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez is recognized in major international bibliographic databases, including ISNI, VIAF, and WorldCat, attesting to his historical significance.
What significant honor is named partially in recognition of Francisco del Rosario Sánchez's pivotal role in Dominican independence?
Answer: The Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella
Explanation: The prestigious Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella commemorates the vital contributions of these three founding figures to Dominican independence.
Who was Juan Francisco Sánchez Peña?
Answer: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez's only surviving son, who became a General and Minister of Finance.
Explanation: Juan Francisco Sánchez Peña was the sole surviving son of Francisco del Rosario Sánchez, who later achieved the rank of General and served as Minister of Finance.
How was Francisco del Rosario Sánchez described by historian Juan Daniel Balcácer in terms of his personality?
Answer: Circumspect, with a fine sense of humor and a constant smile.
Explanation: Historian Juan Daniel Balcácer characterized Sánchez as circumspect, possessing a fine sense of humor and a constant smile.
What was the immediate consequence of Sánchez's execution?
Answer: It caused national outrage and marked the beginning of a new period of struggle for independence.
Explanation: Sánchez's execution ignited widespread national outrage and served as a catalyst for the subsequent Dominican Restoration War.
How is Francisco del Rosario Sánchez remembered in the Dominican Republic?
Answer: As a national hero recognized for his contributions to politics and nationalism.
Explanation: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez is revered as a national hero in the Dominican Republic for his pivotal role in politics and the fight for independence.
On which Dominican currency is Francisco del Rosario Sánchez depicted?
Answer: The 5 Dominican peso note and coin.
Explanation: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez is honored on the 5 Dominican peso note and coin, as well as the 100 peso note.