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The Freiburg school of economic thought originated in the late 19th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Freiburg school of economic thought originated in the 1930s at the University of Freiburg, not the late 19th century.
According to the Freiburg school, government intervention is never necessary in a democracy.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Freiburg school posits that government intervention can be necessary in a democracy, specifically for overseeing forms of competition that may prove detrimental.
The Freiburg school provided foundational economic theories for post-war Italy.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source indicates the Freiburg school's foundational theories were primarily influential for post-war Germany, not Italy.
The Freiburg school distinguishes itself by advocating for regulation of all forms of competition.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Freiburg school advocates for the regulation of specific forms of competition deemed detrimental, rather than all forms.
The Freiburg school was established in the city of Heidelberg.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Freiburg school was established in the city of Freiburg, not Heidelberg.
The Freiburg school was also known as Ordoliberalism during the mid-20th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: While closely related and foundational to ordoliberalism, the Freiburg school itself was not synonymous with or solely known as Ordoliberalism during the mid-20th century.
The Freiburg school's perspective on government includes regulating detrimental competition.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Freiburg school's perspective on government includes the regulation of competition when it is deemed detrimental.
The Freiburg school was founded after World War II.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Freiburg school was founded in the 1930s, prior to the end of World War II.
The Freiburg school emphasized that competition should always be unregulated.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Freiburg school's emphasis was on regulating specific forms of competition that could be detrimental, not on advocating for the unregulated nature of all competition.
In which decade and at which university was the Freiburg school of economics established?
Answer: 1930s, University of Freiburg
Explanation: The Freiburg school of economics was established in the 1930s at the University of Freiburg.
What role did the Freiburg school assign to government in a democracy?
Answer: A role in overseeing specific forms of potentially detrimental competition.
Explanation: The Freiburg school assigned the government a role in a democracy that includes overseeing specific forms of competition that could be detrimental to the economic order.
Which school is associated with 'Freiwirtschaft'?
Answer: Freiburg school
Explanation: The concept of 'Freiwirtschaft' is associated with the Freiburg school of economic thought.
The Freiburg school's perspective on competition suggests that:
Answer: Only certain forms of competition might need government regulation.
Explanation: The Freiburg school's perspective suggests that only certain forms of competition may require government regulation, distinguishing it from approaches that advocate for universal regulation or complete deregulation.
What is the significance of the journal 'ORDO' in relation to the Freiburg school?
Answer: It is mentioned in the 'See also' section related to the Freiburg school.
Explanation: The journal 'ORDO' is mentioned in the 'See also' section of the source material, indicating its relevance and connection to the Freiburg school.
Walter Eucken and Ludwig Erhard are listed as key adherents of the Freiburg school.
Answer: True
Explanation: Walter Eucken and Ludwig Erhard are identified as prominent figures among the key adherents of the Freiburg school.
Wilhelm Röpke was a core member of the Freiburg school itself.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Wilhelm Röpke contributed significantly to the foundational principles of ordoliberalism, he is not listed as a core member of the Freiburg school itself, but rather as an associated contributor.
Hans-Werner Sinn is identified as a contemporary economist associated with the Freiburg school.
Answer: True
Explanation: Hans-Werner Sinn is listed as a contemporary economist who is an adherent of the Freiburg school.
Edith Eucken-Erdsiek is the only female economist mentioned as an adherent of the Freiburg school.
Answer: False
Explanation: Edith Eucken-Erdsiek is mentioned as an adherent of the Freiburg school, but the source does not specify if she is the only female economist listed.
Franz Böhm is mentioned as a key individual associated with the Freiburg school.
Answer: True
Explanation: Franz Böhm is explicitly mentioned as a key individual associated with the Freiburg school.
Alfred Müller-Armack and Alexander Rüstow were members of the Freiburg school.
Answer: False
Explanation: Alfred Müller-Armack and Alexander Rüstow are noted as contributors to ordoliberalism alongside the Freiburg school, but they are not listed as members of the school itself.
Ludwig Erhard is noted for his role in post-war German economic policy and is linked to the Freiburg school.
Answer: True
Explanation: Ludwig Erhard, a key adherent of the Freiburg school, played a significant role in post-war German economic policy.
Which prominent economist, associated with the Freiburg school, later became influential in post-war German economic policy?
Answer: Ludwig Erhard
Explanation: Ludwig Erhard, a key adherent of the Freiburg school, became highly influential in shaping post-war German economic policy.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a key adherent of the Freiburg school in the source?
Answer: Wilhelm Röpke
Explanation: Wilhelm Röpke is mentioned as a contributor to ordoliberalism but is not listed as a core member or adherent of the Freiburg school itself.
Who is Edith Eucken-Erdsiek identified as in the context of the Freiburg school?
Answer: An adherent of the Freiburg school
Explanation: Edith Eucken-Erdsiek is identified as an adherent of the Freiburg school.
Which of the following economists is listed as an adherent of the Freiburg school?
Answer: Bernd Raffelhüschen
Explanation: Bernd Raffelhüschen is listed among the key adherents of the Freiburg school.
The Freiburg school draws no inspiration from earlier schools of economic thought.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Freiburg school draws inspiration from earlier schools, notably the historical school of economics, while also distinguishing itself through its specific approach to competition and regulation.
How did the Freiburg school differentiate itself from the earlier historical school of economics?
Answer: By arguing that only specific types of competition might require government oversight.
Explanation: The Freiburg school differentiated itself from the earlier historical school by positing that only specific types of competition might necessitate government oversight, rather than advocating for universal regulation or non-intervention.
What does the source suggest about the relationship between the German historical school and the English historical school?
Answer: They are mentioned in relation to each other, suggesting a connection or comparison.
Explanation: The source suggests a relationship or comparison between the German historical school and the English historical school.
Which economist, associated with the Austrian school, also contributed to ordoliberalism?
Answer: Wilhelm Röpke
Explanation: Wilhelm Röpke, associated with the Austrian school, also made contributions to ordoliberalism, highlighting interconnections between different economic traditions.
The term 'neoliberalism' was initially used by Anglo-American scholars to describe the Freiburg school.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Freiburg school was initially referred to as 'neoliberalism' before Anglo-American scholars adopted and redefined the term, suggesting the term's origin predates its broader Anglo-American usage in describing the school.
The Freiburg school was previously referred to by which term before its broader appropriation by Anglo-American scholars?
Answer: Neoliberalism
Explanation: Before its broader appropriation and redefinition by Anglo-American scholars, the Freiburg school was previously referred to as 'neoliberalism'.
Which school of economic thought is closely related to 'Georgism' according to the provided list?
Answer: Georgism
Explanation: According to the provided list, Georgism is presented as a distinct school of economic thought.
The source mentions 'New Classical macroeconomics' is associated with which theoretical concepts?
Answer: Rational expectations theory and Real business-cycle theory
Explanation: New Classical macroeconomics is associated with theoretical concepts such as rational expectations theory and real business-cycle theory.
What is the relationship between Keynesian economics and Post-Keynesian economics as presented?
Answer: Post-Keynesian economics is listed as a sub-category or development within Keynesian economics.
Explanation: The source indicates that Post-Keynesian economics is presented as a sub-category or a development stemming from the broader field of Keynesian economics.
What is the connection between 'Marxian economics' and 'critique of political economy' mentioned in the source?
Answer: They are presented as closely related concepts.
Explanation: The source presents 'Marxian economics' and 'critique of political economy' as closely related concepts, with the latter often serving as the analytical framework for the former.
Which of the following is identified as a sub-school or development related to Monetarism?
Answer: Market monetarism
Explanation: Market monetarism is identified as a sub-school or development related to Monetarism.
Which specific sub-categories are mentioned under Keynesian economics?
Answer: Neo-Keynesian economics and Post-Keynesian economics
Explanation: Under the umbrella of Keynesian economics, the source mentions specific sub-categories such as Neo-Keynesian economics (including the Neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis) and Post-Keynesian economics (including Circuitism and the Keynes–Marx synthesis).
Which of the following is listed as a 'contemporary' school of economic thought?
Answer: Ecological economics
Explanation: Ecological economics is listed among the contemporary schools of economic thought.
Which broader field related to economic thought is mentioned alongside 'Degrowth' and 'World-systems theory'?
Answer: Economic systems
Explanation: 'Economic systems' is mentioned as a broader field related to economic thought, alongside concepts like Degrowth and World-systems theory.
What is 'Public choice' identified as in the context of economic schools?
Answer: A school of economic thought
Explanation: 'Public choice' is identified as a school of economic thought.
According to the source, what is the relationship between Mainstream economics and Heterodox economics?
Answer: They represent distinct categories within economics.
Explanation: The source indicates that Mainstream economics and Heterodox economics represent distinct categories within the field of economics.
What is 'Modern Monetary Theory' associated with according to the source?
Answer: Chartalism
Explanation: According to the source, Modern Monetary Theory is associated with Chartalism.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a broader field related to economic thought?
Answer: Neoclassical economics
Explanation: While Neoclassical economics is a major school, the source lists fields such as 'Critique of political economy,' 'History of economic thought,' 'Political economy,' 'Post-autistic economics,' 'Degrowth,' and 'Economic systems' as broader fields, but not Neoclassical economics itself in this context.