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George C. Drew's primary academic renown stemmed from his contributions to clinical psychology.
Answer: False
Explanation: George C. Drew was primarily recognized for his work in experimental psychology, a field focused on the scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior through controlled experimentation, rather than clinical psychology.
The practice of experimental psychology, as exemplified by Drew's work, was characterized by purely theoretical analysis devoid of empirical testing.
Answer: False
Explanation: Experimental psychology, Drew's specialization, fundamentally relies on empirical testing through controlled experiments to investigate psychological phenomena, rather than being limited to purely theoretical analysis.
What was George C. Drew's primary field of academic specialization?
Answer: Experimental Psychology
Explanation: George C. Drew's primary field of academic specialization was experimental psychology, focusing on the empirical investigation of psychological phenomena through controlled research methods.
What does the term 'experimental psychology' imply regarding the methodologies employed by George C. Drew?
Answer: Use of controlled experiments and scientific methods.
Explanation: The term 'experimental psychology' implies that George C. Drew's work utilized controlled experiments, systematic observation, and quantitative analysis to investigate psychological principles, adhering to rigorous scientific methods.
How did George C. Drew's role as Head of the UCL Psychology Department differ from his role as President of the BPS?
Answer: Head of Department focused on departmental structure and strategy, BPS President on broader field leadership.
Explanation: As Head of Department at UCL, Drew focused on the internal administration, curriculum, and strategic development of a specific academic unit. As President of the BPS, his role involved broader leadership and advocacy for the entire field of psychology within the UK.
George C. Drew assumed a significant leadership role at University College London commencing in 1959.
Answer: True
Explanation: The source confirms that George C. Drew was appointed Head of the Department of Psychology at University College London in 1959, marking the beginning of his leadership tenure.
During George C. Drew's leadership, the Psychology Department at UCL was reorganized to be part of the Faculty of Arts.
Answer: False
Explanation: Contrary to this statement, under George C. Drew's leadership, the Psychology Department at UCL was positioned within the Faculty of Science, specifically recognized as a biological science, not the Faculty of Arts.
George C. Drew was instrumental in establishing a doctoral program (PhD) within the Psychology Department at UCL during his leadership.
Answer: False
Explanation: While Drew oversaw significant developments, including the introduction of a BSc Honours degree, the provided information does not indicate that he introduced a PhD program during his tenure as Head of Department at UCL.
UCL is an acronym for the University of Cambridge, London.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the context of George C. Drew's career and academic affiliations, 'UCL' specifically refers to University College London, a prominent research university in London.
A Bachelor of Science (BSc) Honours degree typically signifies a less demanding academic undertaking compared to a standard BSc degree.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the UK higher education system, a BSc Honours degree generally represents a higher level of academic rigor and specialization than a standard BSc degree.
Which London institution served as the academic home for George C. Drew during his tenure as Head of the Psychology Department?
Answer: University College London (UCL)
Explanation: George C. Drew was associated with University College London (UCL), a major public research university in London, where he led the Psychology Department.
When did George C. Drew assume the leadership of the Psychology Department at University College London?
Answer: 1959
Explanation: George C. Drew was appointed Head of the Department of Psychology at University College London in the year 1959.
What significant strategic change did George C. Drew implement concerning the academic positioning of the UCL Psychology Department?
Answer: Positioned it within the Faculty of Science as a biological science.
Explanation: As Head of Department, George C. Drew strategically positioned the UCL Psychology Department within the Faculty of Science, emphasizing its status as a biological science. This move aimed to enhance its scientific standing and integration within the broader university structure.
What type of undergraduate degree program was instituted at UCL Psychology under Drew's leadership?
Answer: BSc Honours (Bachelor of Science Honours)
Explanation: Under George C. Drew's leadership, the Department of Psychology at University College London introduced a BSc Honours degree program, signifying a more specialized and intensive undergraduate curriculum.
What was the strategic significance of positioning the UCL Psychology Department within the Faculty of Science under Drew's leadership?
Answer: It aimed to enhance the department's scientific standing and integration.
Explanation: By integrating the Psychology Department into the Faculty of Science and classifying it as a biological science, Drew aimed to enhance its scientific legitimacy and foster synergistic relationships with other scientific disciplines at University College London.
What does a 'BSc Honours' degree typically signify within the framework of the UK higher education system?
Answer: A higher level of academic achievement and depth.
Explanation: A 'BSc Honours' degree in the UK typically denotes a higher level of academic achievement and specialized study compared to a standard Bachelor of Science degree.
George C. Drew held the position of President for the British Psychological Society (BPS) in the year 1962.
Answer: True
Explanation: The records indicate that George C. Drew was indeed elected President of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and served in that capacity in 1962.
The Presidential address delivered by George C. Drew to the British Psychological Society was entitled 'The Psychology of Accidents'.
Answer: False
Explanation: George C. Drew's Presidential address to the BPS in 1962 was titled 'The study of accidents,' not 'The Psychology of Accidents'.
BPS is the abbreviation for the British Physiological Society, a group George C. Drew was involved with.
Answer: False
Explanation: 'BPS' in the context of George C. Drew's career stands for the British Psychological Society, the principal professional body for psychologists in the United Kingdom, not the British Physiological Society.
Being elected President of the BPS indicates a minor role within the UK psychology community.
Answer: False
Explanation: Election as President of the British Psychological Society (BPS) represents a position of significant leadership and peer recognition within the UK psychology community, indicating a major role, not a minor one.
What prominent professional society did George C. Drew lead as its President?
Answer: The British Psychological Society (BPS)
Explanation: George C. Drew served as the President of the British Psychological Society (BPS), the leading professional organization for psychologists in the United Kingdom.
In which year did George C. Drew attain the presidency of the British Psychological Society?
Answer: 1962
Explanation: George C. Drew was elected President of the British Psychological Society in 1962.
What was the precise title of George C. Drew's Presidential address delivered to the BPS?
Answer: The study of accidents
Explanation: The title of George C. Drew's Presidential address to the British Psychological Society was 'The study of accidents'.
In which publication venue did George C. Drew's 1963 Presidential address, 'The study of accidents,' appear?
Answer: Bulletin of the British Psychological Society
Explanation: George C. Drew's 1963 Presidential address, 'The study of accidents,' was published in the *Bulletin of the British Psychological Society*.
What does the abbreviation 'BPS' stand for within the professional context of George C. Drew's career?
Answer: British Psychological Society
Explanation: In the context of George C. Drew's career, 'BPS' is the abbreviation for the British Psychological Society, the primary professional organization representing psychologists in the United Kingdom.
The principal focus of George C. Drew's research was the investigation of mental fatigue.
Answer: False
Explanation: While mental fatigue was a subject Drew researched, his primary focus was on the broader area of 'skilled behaviour,' encompassing the acquisition, performance, and maintenance of complex actions.
George C. Drew authored a report titled 'Mental fatigue' for the Ministry of Defence in 1942.
Answer: False
Explanation: George C. Drew authored a report titled 'Mental fatigue' in 1942, but it was produced for the Flying Personnel Research Committee, not directly for the Ministry of Defence.
The Flying Personnel Research Committee, for which Drew produced a report, likely focused its efforts on the performance and well-being of military aviators.
Answer: True
Explanation: Given the context of wartime (1942) and the name 'Flying Personnel Research Committee,' it is highly probable that the committee's focus was on optimizing the psychological and physiological performance of pilots and aircrew.
The study of 'skilled behaviour' is narrowly confined to the examination of purely motor skills.
Answer: False
Explanation: Research into 'skilled behaviour' is comprehensive, encompassing not only motor skills but also the cognitive processes involved in the acquisition, execution, and refinement of complex tasks.
What was the central area of George C. Drew's research?
Answer: Skilled behaviour
Explanation: George C. Drew's research primarily centered on the domain of 'skilled behaviour,' investigating the processes underlying the learning and execution of complex tasks.
What entity commissioned George C. Drew's 1942 report on 'Mental fatigue'?
Answer: The Flying Personnel Research Committee
Explanation: George C. Drew's 1942 report on 'Mental fatigue' was commissioned by the Flying Personnel Research Committee, suggesting a focus on the psychological demands within military aviation contexts.
What does the term 'skilled behaviour' encompass, according to the provided context?
Answer: The acquisition, execution, and refinement of complex tasks.
Explanation: 'Skilled behaviour' encompasses the entire process of acquiring, executing, and refining complex tasks, integrating cognitive, perceptual, and motor elements relevant to performance optimization.
What does the inclusion of a report for the 'Flying Personnel Research Committee' suggest about George C. Drew's early work?
Answer: It was likely conducted within a military context.
Explanation: The involvement with the Flying Personnel Research Committee suggests that George C. Drew's early work, specifically his 1942 report on mental fatigue, was likely situated within a military context, possibly related to wartime aviation.
George C. Drew's research concerning alcohol consumption significantly informed the development of the breathalyser.
Answer: True
Explanation: Drew's research demonstrated the quantifiable impact of alcohol, even in small doses, on performance in skills relevant to driving. This empirical evidence contributed to the rationale for developing and implementing objective measures like the breathalyser for assessing intoxication.
The 1959 publication titled 'Effect of small doses of alcohol on a skill resembling driving' was authored exclusively by George C. Drew.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 1959 publication investigating the effects of small doses of alcohol on driving-related skills was a collaborative work, co-authored by George C. Drew, W.P. Colquhoun, and H.A. Long.
George C. Drew's publication 'The study of accidents' was featured in the *Journal of Psychology*.
Answer: False
Explanation: George C. Drew's influential publication 'The study of accidents' was not published in the *Journal of Psychology*. It was presented as his Presidential address and published in the *Bulletin of the British Psychological Society* in 1963.
HMSO, which published Drew's 1959 work, was a private academic publishing house.
Answer: False
Explanation: HMSO (Her Majesty's Stationery Office) was the official publishing arm of the UK government. Its involvement in publishing Drew's 1959 work suggests the research had official relevance or was government-commissioned, rather than being published by a private academic entity.
Drew's research on alcohol's effects provided empirical support for the necessity of objective intoxication measures like the breathalyser.
Answer: True
Explanation: By quantifying the impairment of skills due to alcohol consumption, Drew's research offered evidence underscoring the need for objective tools, such as the breathalyser, to enforce safety regulations, particularly in contexts like driving.
Beyond critiques of professional methodology, what significant societal issue did George C. Drew address in his Presidential address?
Answer: The impact of alcohol on accidents.
Explanation: In addition to discussing methodological concerns, George C. Drew's Presidential address also addressed the societal issue of the impact of alcohol consumption on accidents, highlighting practical implications of psychological research.
George C. Drew's research findings influenced the introduction of which public safety device?
Answer: Breathalyser
Explanation: The empirical evidence generated by George C. Drew's research on the effects of alcohol on performance skills was influential in the development and implementation of the breathalyser, a device for measuring blood alcohol content.
The 1959 publication on alcohol and driving skills was co-authored by Drew, W.P. Colquhoun, and which other individual?
Answer: H.A. Long
Explanation: The 1959 study 'Effect of small doses of alcohol on a skill resembling driving' was co-authored by George C. Drew, W.P. Colquhoun, and H.A. Long.
In his Presidential address, Drew critiqued psychologists for an overreliance on methodological complexity potentially masking a lack of expertise.
Answer: True
Explanation: Drew's Presidential address suggested that psychologists might rely on a 'methodological mystique' to mask insecurity, implying a concern about overemphasis on complex methods rather than genuine expertise or clear understanding.
The phrase 'methodological mystique' suggests that psychologists employ complex methodologies primarily to obscure a lack of genuine understanding.
Answer: True
Explanation: The phrase 'methodological mystique,' as used by Drew, implies that psychologists might utilize complex research methods or jargon as a way to appear more expert or secure, potentially masking a lack of deeper understanding or confidence.
According to Drew's 1962 Presidential address, psychologists were observed to utilize a 'methodological mystique' primarily to:
Answer: Mask a lack of confidence or deeper understanding.
Explanation: Drew suggested in his address that psychologists might employ a 'methodological mystique' as a means to shelter their own insecurities, implying a potential overemphasis on complex methods rather than substantive expertise.
The phrase 'methodological mystique,' as critiqued by Drew, suggests psychologists might employ complex methods primarily to:
Answer: Mask a lack of confidence or deeper understanding.
Explanation: Drew's critique implies that the 'methodological mystique' could serve as a way for psychologists to mask a lack of confidence or deeper understanding by relying on the perceived complexity of their research methodologies.
George C. Drew's critique concerning 'methodological mystique' indicated a concern that psychologists might be excessively preoccupied with:
Answer: The complexity and presentation of their research methods.
Explanation: Drew's critique suggested that psychologists might be overly focused on the complexity and presentation of their research methods, potentially as a substitute for deeper conceptual clarity or empirical rigor.
Within academic referencing conventions, the term 'retrieved' denotes the original publication date of the source material.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'retrieved' in academic references indicates the specific date on which the source, typically an online resource, was accessed by the researcher. This is crucial for documenting the state of the information at the time of access, as online content can be dynamic.
Citation markers, such as [1] and [2], embedded within the text signify that the associated information represents the author's original conceptualization.
Answer: False
Explanation: Citation markers like [1] and [2] serve to attribute information to specific sources listed in the references section. They indicate that the information is supported by external evidence, not that it constitutes the author's original thought.
The 'mw-parser-output' class suggests the HTML was generated by a standard web browser rendering engine.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'mw-parser-output' class is characteristic of the MediaWiki software, commonly used for platforms like Wikipedia. It signifies that the HTML structure originates from the wiki's internal parsing engine, not a standard browser rendering process.
Headings designated with classes like 'mw-heading2' are employed to structure content hierarchically within a document.
Answer: True
Explanation: Classes such as 'mw-heading2' denote standard heading levels within a wiki markup system, used to organize content hierarchically and improve readability. 'mw-heading2' specifically refers to a second-level heading.
The 'mw-editsection' element allows users to download the entire page content.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'mw-editsection' element, typically associated with a small edit link next to headings, enables users to directly edit that specific section of a wiki page. It does not facilitate content downloads.
The 'scope row' attribute on table headers implies that the header cell labels:
Answer: False
Explanation: The HTML attribute scope='row' applied to table header cells signifies that the header cell pertains to the entire row it belongs to, not the column. Conversely, scope='col' would apply to a column header.
In the context of academic references, what temporal information does the date a source was 'retrieved' convey?
Answer: The date the source was accessed by the researcher.
Explanation: The 'retrieved' date in academic references signifies the specific date on which the source material, particularly online content, was accessed by the researcher. This acknowledges the potential volatility of digital content.
What is the function of citation markers, such as [1] and [2], within academic texts?
Answer: To indicate that the information is supported by a listed reference.
Explanation: Citation markers indicate that the preceding information is supported by a specific source listed in the References section, serving as a direct link to the evidence for the stated fact.
The presence of the 'mw-parser-output' class in the source's HTML structure suggests that the content was generated by:
Answer: The MediaWiki software engine.
Explanation: The 'mw-parser-output' class is a standard indicator that the HTML structure was generated by the MediaWiki software's parsing engine, which processes wiki markup into rendered web content.
What is the primary purpose of the 'infobox' table typically found at the beginning of biographical articles?
Answer: To offer a quick, structured summary of key information about the subject.
Explanation: The 'infobox' table serves to provide a concise, structured summary of key biographical and factual information about the subject, facilitating quick access to essential details.
The 'scope row' attribute on table headers implies that the header cell labels:
Answer: The entire row of data it belongs to.
Explanation: The scope='row' attribute signifies that the header cell functions as a label for the entire row it is part of, providing context for the data cells within that specific row.