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The epic poem *Girart de Vienne* was composed in the early 13th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is factually inaccurate. *Girart de Vienne* is generally dated to circa 1180, placing its composition in the late 12th century, not the early 13th.
The author credited with composing the chanson de geste *Girart de Vienne* is Bertrand de Bar-sur-Aube.
Answer: True
Explanation: The attribution of *Girart de Vienne* to Bertrand de Bar-sur-Aube is widely accepted within scholarly circles.
The verses comprising the original composition of *Girart de Vienne* are primarily unrhymed alexandrines.
Answer: False
Explanation: This assertion is incorrect. The poem is structured using rhymed decasyllables, not unrhymed alexandrines. Alexandrines are twelve-syllable lines, and the original text employs ten-syllable lines with rhyme.
The extant text of *Girart de Vienne* is considered the original version, with no evidence of earlier source material.
Answer: False
Explanation: Scholarly analysis suggests that the extant text of *Girart de Vienne* was likely based on an earlier, now lost, poetic source.
*Girart de Vienne* consists of approximately 600 rhymed verses.
Answer: False
Explanation: The poem *Girart de Vienne* is considerably longer, containing over 6,000 rhymed decasyllable verses.
A 'laisse' in *Girart de Vienne* refers to a type of prose adaptation.
Answer: False
Explanation: In the context of chansons de geste like *Girart de Vienne*, a 'laisse' is a poetic division or stanza, not a prose adaptation.
The poem *Girart de Vienne* was composed around the year 1250.
Answer: False
Explanation: The composition date for *Girart de Vienne* is estimated to be around 1180, placing it in the late twelfth century.
The verses used in *Girart de Vienne* are exclusively decasyllables without rhyme.
Answer: False
Explanation: The original verses of *Girart de Vienne* are rhymed decasyllables (ten syllables per line), not exclusively unrhymed ones.
What is *Girart de Vienne*, and approximately when was it composed?
Answer: An Old French chanson de geste composed around 1180.
Explanation: *Girart de Vienne* is classified as an Old French chanson de geste, an epic poem, with its composition dated to approximately 1180.
Who is identified as the author of the chanson de geste, *Girart de Vienne*?
Answer: Bertrand de Bar-sur-Aube
Explanation: Bertrand de Bar-sur-Aube is the author credited with composing the chanson de geste *Girart de Vienne*.
What is the primary verse form used in the original composition of *Girart de Vienne*?
Answer: Rhymed decasyllables (10 syllables)
Explanation: The original composition of *Girart de Vienne* employs rhymed decasyllables, a ten-syllable verse line, structured into poetic sections known as laisses.
The narrative of *Girart de Vienne* primarily centers on the conflicts between Emperor Charlemagne and the sons of Girart de Roussillon.
Answer: False
Explanation: This statement is inaccurate. The central conflict involves Emperor Charlemagne and the sons of Garin de Monglane, not Girart de Roussillon.
The primary conflict in *Girart de Vienne* is initiated by a direct insult from Charlemagne towards Girart.
Answer: False
Explanation: The conflict is not initiated by a direct insult from Charlemagne to Girart. Rather, it begins when Aymeri, Girart's nephew, is provoked by the Empress's boasting about Girart's prior humiliation.
The conflict between Olivier and Roland is resolved through a duel resulting in their mutual demise.
Answer: False
Explanation: The conflict between Olivier and Roland is resolved not by death, but through divine intervention by an angel during their duel, leading them to swear an oath of eternal friendship.
Following his oath of friendship with Olivier, Roland decides against pursuing marriage.
Answer: False
Explanation: On the contrary, immediately after swearing friendship with Olivier, Roland proposes marriage to Olivier's sister, Aude.
The proposed marriage between Roland and Aude proceeds without any narrative interruptions.
Answer: False
Explanation: The narrative is interrupted by the urgent news of Saracen incursions into Gascony, which necessitates the postponement of the marriage preparations.
Girart the warrior, one of Garin de Monglane's sons, is identified as the father of Olivier.
Answer: False
Explanation: Renier of Geneva, another son of Garin de Monglane, is identified as the father of Olivier, not Girart the warrior.
The duel between Olivier and Roland takes place in the vicinity of Paris.
Answer: False
Explanation: The duel between Olivier and Roland occurs near the city of Vienne, not Paris.
An angel intervenes in the duel between Olivier and Roland to encourage their continued combat.
Answer: False
Explanation: An angel intervenes during their duel, but the purpose is to advise them to cease fighting and preserve their strength for battles against infidels, thereby facilitating their reconciliation.
The city of Vienne is mentioned as the location of Roland's eventual coronation.
Answer: False
Explanation: Vienne is significant in the narrative as the location near which the pivotal duel between Olivier and Roland takes place, not as a site for Roland's coronation.
*Girart de Vienne* connects Olivier and Roland solely through their shared military campaigns.
Answer: False
Explanation: The connection between Olivier and Roland extends beyond military campaigns; it is solidified through a duel that results in an oath of eternal friendship and Roland's subsequent proposal to marry Aude.
The mention of Saracens in Gascony implies a context of peaceful trade relations.
Answer: False
Explanation: The arrival of Saracens in Gascony suggests a context of military conflict and invasion, a common theme in medieval epics concerning Christian Europe and Muslim forces.
The Empress's boasting regarding the humiliation of Girart directly incites Aymeri, one of Garin de Monglane's sons, to provoke conflict with the Emperor.
Answer: True
Explanation: The inciting incident occurs when Aymeri, son of Hernaut and grandson of Garin de Monglane, overhears the Empress boasting about having previously humiliated his uncle, Girart. This insult fuels Aymeri's rage and prompts him to rally his brothers against Charlemagne.
Which of the following is a central narrative element established in *Girart de Vienne*?
Answer: The epic friendship between Olivier and Roland.
Explanation: A significant narrative element in *Girart de Vienne* is the establishment of the profound and epic friendship between the heroes Olivier and Roland.
What specific event triggers the main conflict initiated by Aymeri in *Girart de Vienne*?
Answer: Aymeri is insulted by the Empress regarding his uncle Girart's humiliation.
Explanation: The primary conflict is instigated when Aymeri, incensed by the Empress's boast about Girart's prior humiliation, resolves to challenge the Emperor's authority.
How is the escalating conflict between Olivier and Roland resolved in the poem?
Answer: An angel intervenes during their duel, prompting them to swear eternal friendship.
Explanation: The conflict between Olivier and Roland is resolved when an angel intervenes during their duel, advising them to reconcile and swear eternal friendship.
What proposal does Roland make immediately after establishing his friendship with Olivier?
Answer: He proposes marriage to Olivier's sister, Aude.
Explanation: Following the establishment of his friendship with Olivier, Roland formally proposes marriage to Olivier's sister, Aude.
What urgent news interrupts the events leading up to Roland and Aude's marriage?
Answer: Saracens have arrived in Gascony.
Explanation: The impending marriage of Roland and Aude is interrupted by the critical news that Saracens have invaded Gascony.
Where does the duel between Olivier and Roland take place?
Answer: Near the city of Vienne.
Explanation: The pivotal duel between Olivier and Roland occurs in the vicinity of the city of Vienne.
*Girart de Vienne* is significant for its role in organizing the chansons de geste, collectively known as the 'Matter of France', into three distinct literary cycles.
Answer: True
Explanation: Indeed, *Girart de Vienne* is critically important for its contribution to the classification and understanding of the 'Matter of France' by delineating its three primary cycles.
The Geste du roi cycle is characterized by its focus on rebellious knights who oppose royal authority.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Geste du roi cycle primarily focuses on Charlemagne and his loyal knights, representing the central royal power, rather than rebellious figures.
The Geste de Doon de Mayence cycle is associated with figures such as Renaud de Montauban and Ganelon.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Geste de Doon de Mayence cycle is indeed linked to prominent figures like Renaud de Montauban and, notably, Ganelon, whose treason is a central theme.
Knights belonging to the Geste de Garin de Monglane cycle were typically eldest sons seeking glory.
Answer: False
Explanation: Knights within the Geste de Garin de Monglane are generally depicted as younger sons who lacked inheritance and sought to gain land and status through military endeavors.
Hernaut of Beaulande is identified as one of the four sons of Garin de Monglane.
Answer: True
Explanation: The text explicitly lists Hernaut of Beaulande as one of the four sons of Garin de Monglane.
Ganelon's lineage is linked to the Geste du roi cycle due to his infamous treason.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ganelon's lineage is explicitly associated with the Geste de Doon de Mayence, not the Geste du roi cycle.
Knights of the Geste de Garin de Monglane are characterized by their wisdom, boldness, and skill in combat.
Answer: True
Explanation: The knights of the Geste de Garin de Monglane are consistently portrayed with virtues such as wisdom, boldness, martial prowess, and nobility.
The term 'Matter of France' primarily refers to prose adaptations of *Girart de Vienne*.
Answer: False
Explanation: The 'Matter of France' is a designation for a body of epic poems, or chansons de geste, concerning Charlemagne and his knights. Prose adaptations are secondary developments.
The Geste de Doon de Mayence cycle is primarily concerned with upholding the authority of Charlemagne.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Geste de Doon de Mayence cycle is characterized by its focus on rebels and figures who challenge royal authority, contrasting with the Geste du roi cycle.
Pride and treason are highlighted as negative traits associated with the Geste de Doon de Mayence lineage.
Answer: True
Explanation: The text explicitly links the lineage of the Geste de Doon de Mayence, particularly through figures like Ganelon, with negative traits of pride and treason, leading to their downfall.
Knights of the Geste de Garin de Monglane primarily fought against other Christian knights.
Answer: False
Explanation: The knights of the Geste de Garin de Monglane are primarily depicted as actively fighting against and confounding Saracens, thereby promoting Christendom.
The comparison of the Doon de Mayence lineage to fallen angels suggests their actions led to a minor setback.
Answer: False
Explanation: The comparison to fallen angels implies a profound and perhaps eternal negative consequence stemming from the pride and treason characteristic of the Doon de Mayence lineage, mirroring a biblical fall from grace.
The Geste du roi cycle's main purpose is to detail the lives of rebellious barons.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Geste du roi cycle primarily focuses on the deeds and authority of Charlemagne and his loyal knights, representing the established royal power.
*Girart de Vienne* is considered a minor work within the 'Matter of France'.
Answer: False
Explanation: On the contrary, *Girart de Vienne* is considered a significant work, particularly for its role in the categorization of the 'Matter of France' into its constituent cycles.
Knights in the Geste de Garin de Monglane often inherited large estates from their fathers.
Answer: False
Explanation: The text indicates that knights of the Geste de Garin de Monglane were typically younger sons who did not inherit land, thus motivating their pursuit of glory and fortune through combat.
The Geste du roi cycle is primarily defined by its focus on rebellious knights.
Answer: False
Explanation: The Geste du roi cycle is characterized by its focus on Charlemagne and his loyal vassals, representing the central royal authority, rather than rebellious figures.
Ganelon's treason is specifically linked to the Geste de Garin de Monglane.
Answer: False
Explanation: Ganelon's treason is a pivotal event associated with the Geste de Doon de Mayence, not the Geste de Garin de Monglane.
The knights of the Geste de Garin de Monglane were known for promoting Saracen culture.
Answer: False
Explanation: Knights of the Geste de Garin de Monglane are characterized by their active combat against Saracens and promotion of Christendom, not by promoting Saracen culture.
*Girart de Vienne* is significant in epic literature for its role in:
Answer: Categorizing the 'Matter of France' into three distinct cycles.
Explanation: *Girart de Vienne* holds particular significance for its contribution to the classification of the 'Matter of France' into three primary literary cycles.
Which literary cycle focuses on Charlemagne and his loyal knights?
Answer: Geste du roi
Explanation: The Geste du roi cycle is defined by its focus on Charlemagne and his loyal knights, representing the central royal authority within the epic tradition.
The Geste de Doon de Mayence is characterized by its focus on:
Answer: Rebels against royal authority.
Explanation: The Geste de Doon de Mayence cycle is primarily concerned with narratives featuring rebels and figures who challenge established royal authority.
Knights belonging to the Geste de Garin de Monglane cycle are best described as:
Answer: Younger sons seeking land and glory through combat.
Explanation: Knights from the Geste de Garin de Monglane are typically depicted as younger sons who, lacking inheritance, sought to acquire land and glory through military service, often against Saracens.
Who are the four sons of Garin de Monglane mentioned in the text?
Answer: Hernaut, Milon, Renier, and Girart.
Explanation: The text identifies the four sons of Garin de Monglane as Hernaut of Beaulande, Milon of Apulia, Renier of Geneva, and Girart the warrior.
The lineage of which figure is explicitly linked to the Geste de Doon de Mayence?
Answer: Ganelon
Explanation: Ganelon's lineage is explicitly stated to be connected with the Geste de Doon de Mayence, particularly through his infamous act of treason.
What virtues are attributed to the knights of the Geste de Garin de Monglane?
Answer: Wisdom, boldness, fighting prowess, and nobility.
Explanation: Knights of the Geste de Garin de Monglane are consistently described as possessing wisdom, boldness, fighting prowess, and nobility, alongside their loyalty and efforts to promote Christendom.
Which son of Garin de Monglane is identified as the father of the hero Olivier?
Answer: Renier of Geneva
Explanation: Renier of Geneva, one of the four sons of Garin de Monglane, is identified in the text as the father of the renowned hero Olivier.
What is the 'Matter of France'?
Answer: A body of epic poems concerning Charlemagne and his knights.
Explanation: The 'Matter of France' refers to the corpus of medieval French epic poems, known as chansons de geste, which primarily narrate the deeds and legends surrounding Charlemagne and his paladins.
The Geste de Doon de Mayence lineage is associated with negative traits such as pride and treason, leading to their downfall, which is compared to:
Answer: The fall of angels.
Explanation: The comparison to the fall of angels serves to emphasize the profound and perhaps eternal negative consequences resulting from the pride and treason inherent in the Doon de Mayence lineage.
What specific action did the knights of the Geste de Garin de Monglane take regarding Saracens?
Answer: They actively fought and confounded them.
Explanation: Knights of the Geste de Garin de Monglane are depicted as actively engaging in combat against Saracens, contributing to the promotion of Christendom.
What is the primary focus of the Geste du roi cycle?
Answer: The deeds and authority of Charlemagne and his knights.
Explanation: The Geste du roi cycle centers on the actions and legitimacy of Charlemagne and his loyal knights, representing the apex of royal power in the epic tradition.
*Girart de Vienne* maintained its popularity through the Middle Ages but subsequently fell into obscurity.
Answer: False
Explanation: While *Girart de Vienne* was indeed popular through the Middle Ages, its decline in popularity occurred later, around the Renaissance period, after which it was adapted into prose and other forms.
David Aubert is recognized as one of the authors responsible for creating a prose adaptation of *Girart de Vienne*.
Answer: True
Explanation: David Aubert is indeed noted for his prose adaptation of *Girart de Vienne*, which he included within his larger work, *Chroniques et conquestes de Charlemagne*.
The popularity of *Girart de Vienne* began to decline significantly after the Renaissance.
Answer: True
Explanation: Historical trends indicate that the widespread popularity of *Girart de Vienne* waned considerably following the Renaissance period.
Raffaele Marmora is noted for writing the original chanson de geste, *Girart de Vienne*.
Answer: False
Explanation: Raffaele Marmora is mentioned as an author of a prose version of *Girart de Vienne*, not the original composer of the twelfth-century epic.
Jean d'Outremeuse authored the original twelfth-century version of *Girart de Vienne*.
Answer: False
Explanation: Jean d'Outremeuse is credited with authoring one of the five prose versions derived from the original chanson de geste, *Girart de Vienne*, not the original twelfth-century composition.
The scholarly edition of *Girart de Vienne*, edited by Wolfgang van Emden, was published in 1977.
Answer: True
Explanation: Wolfgang van Emden's scholarly edition of *Girart de Vienne* was indeed published in 1977 by the SATF (Société des Anciens Textes Français).
Michael A. Newth translated *Girart de Vienne* into French.
Answer: False
Explanation: Michael A. Newth's translation of *Girart de Vienne* was rendered into English, not French.
David Aubert's prose adaptation of *Girart de Vienne* was published as a standalone work.
Answer: False
Explanation: David Aubert's prose adaptation of *Girart de Vienne* was incorporated into his larger compilation, *Chroniques et conquestes de Charlemagne*, rather than being published independently.
David Aubert's prose version of *Girart de Vienne* is titled 'Chroniques et conquestes de Charlemagne'.
Answer: False
Explanation: David Aubert's prose adaptation of *Girart de Vienne* was included within his larger work titled 'Chroniques et conquestes de Charlemagne', but it was not the title of the adaptation itself.
Michael A. Newth's English translation of *Girart de Vienne* was published in 1999.
Answer: True
Explanation: Michael A. Newth's English translation, titled 'The Song of Girart of Vienne by Bertrand de Bar-Sur-Aube: A Twelfth-Century Chanson de Geste', was published in 1999.
How did the form of *Girart de Vienne* change after the Renaissance?
Answer: It was adapted into a version using alexandrines and converted into prose.
Explanation: Following the Renaissance, *Girart de Vienne* was adapted into a form utilizing alexandrines and was also rendered into multiple prose versions.
Which of the following individuals is mentioned as an author of a prose version of *Girart de Vienne*?
Answer: David Aubert
Explanation: David Aubert is cited as one of the authors responsible for creating a prose adaptation of the epic poem *Girart de Vienne*.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a prose version author or source related to *Girart de Vienne*?
Answer: Bertrand de Bar-sur-Aube
Explanation: Bertrand de Bar-sur-Aube is credited with authoring the original chanson de geste *Girart de Vienne*. David Aubert, Raffaele Marmora, and Jean d'Outremeuse are associated with its prose adaptations.
What is the title of the English translation of *Girart de Vienne* by Michael A. Newth?
Answer: The Song of Girart of Vienne by Bertrand de Bar-Sur-Aube: A Twelfth-Century Chanson de Geste
Explanation: Michael A. Newth's English translation is titled 'The Song of Girart of Vienne by Bertrand de Bar-Sur-Aube: A Twelfth-Century Chanson de Geste'.
The scholarly edition of *Girart de Vienne*, edited by Wolfgang van Emden, was published by which organization?
Answer: SATF (Société des Anciens Textes Français)
Explanation: Wolfgang van Emden's scholarly edition of *Girart de Vienne* was published in 1977 by the SATF (Société des Anciens Textes Français).
The text mentions an anonymous prose version of *Girart de Vienne* attached to the prose adaptation of which other work?
Answer: Garin de Monglane
Explanation: An anonymous prose version of *Girart de Vienne* is noted as being appended to the prose adaptation of *Garin de Monglane*.