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A primary characteristic of gospel music is its emphasis on instrumental solos and complex rhythmic patterns.
Answer: False
Explanation: The source identifies the primary characteristics of gospel music as dominant vocals, strong harmony, and Christian lyrics, rather than instrumental solos and complex rhythms.
The historical origins of gospel music are understood to date back to the early 17th century.
Answer: True
Explanation: The historical origins of gospel music are traceable to the early 17th century.
Early hymns and sacred songs were performed exclusively with melodic lines, lacking any form of rhythmic accompaniment.
Answer: False
Explanation: Early hymns and sacred songs frequently employed rhythmic accompaniment, including hand-clapping and foot-stomping, and often utilized a call-and-response structure.
The term 'gospel song' is documented as first appearing in published works during the late 18th century.
Answer: False
Explanation: The term 'gospel song' is documented as first appearing in published works in 1874, not the late 18th century.
Black gospel and Southern gospel music trace their lineage primarily to European classical music traditions.
Answer: False
Explanation: Black gospel and Southern gospel music primarily emerged from African-American music and American folk music traditions, not European classical music.
The call-and-response stylistic element prevalent in gospel music lacks any historical connection to early Presbyterian psalm singing practices.
Answer: False
Explanation: The call-and-response style in gospel music is historically linked to the 'lining out' practice found in early Presbyterian psalm singing in the Scottish Hebrides.
The Holiness-Pentecostal movement demonstrated a preference for simpler, newly composed 'gospel songs' over complex, traditional hymns.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Holiness-Pentecostal movement contributed to the development of gospel music by popularizing simpler, more accessible 'gospel songs' as opposed to complex traditional hymns.
Philip Bliss's 1874 compilation is notable for containing what is believed to be the first published instance of the term 'Gospel song'.
Answer: True
Explanation: Philip Bliss's 1874 songbook, 'Gospel Songs,' is significant as it likely contains the first published use of the term 'Gospel song'.
The foundational roots of gospel music, as delineated, include Christian hymns, Negro spirituals, and Sacred Harp music traditions.
Answer: True
Explanation: The origins of gospel music are rooted in Christian hymns, Negro spirituals, and traditions such as Sacred Harp music.
What is considered the defining characteristic of gospel music?
Answer: Dominant vocals, strong harmony, and Christian lyrics.
Explanation: The primary characteristic defining gospel music is its emphasis on dominant vocals, robust harmonic structures, and explicit Christian lyrical content.
According to the provided source material, when did the origins of gospel music first emerge?
Answer: The early 17th century
Explanation: The source material indicates that the origins of gospel music can be traced back to the early 17th century.
Which of the following represents a common performance practice in early hymns that significantly influenced the development of gospel music?
Answer: Call-and-response singing influenced by African music.
Explanation: The call-and-response singing style, influenced by African musical traditions, was a common practice in early hymns that significantly shaped gospel music.
In which year is the term 'gospel song' first documented as appearing in published form?
Answer: 1874
Explanation: The term 'gospel song' first appeared in published works in 1874, notably in Philip Bliss's songbook.
From which primary musical traditions did Black and Southern gospel music emerge?
Answer: African-American music and American folk music
Explanation: Black and Southern gospel music primarily emerged from the traditions of African-American music and American folk music.
The historical 'lining out' practice observed in Scottish Gaelic psalm singing is demonstrably linked to which characteristic feature of gospel music?
Answer: The call-and-response style
Explanation: The 'lining out' practice in Scottish Gaelic psalm singing evolved into the call-and-response style characteristic of gospel music.
What specific contribution did the Holiness-Pentecostal movement of the 19th century make to the development of gospel music?
Answer: Simpler, more accessible 'gospel songs'.
Explanation: The Holiness-Pentecostal movement contributed to gospel music by popularizing simpler, more accessible 'gospel songs'.
What is the primary significance attributed to Philip Bliss's 1874 songbook?
Answer: It likely contained the first published use of the term 'Gospel song'.
Explanation: Philip Bliss's 1874 songbook is significant because it likely contains the first published use of the term 'Gospel song'.
In addition to Christian hymns and Negro spirituals, what other musical traditions are identified as foundational roots of gospel music?
Answer: Sacred Harp and Shape note traditions
Explanation: Besides Christian hymns and Negro spirituals, Sacred Harp and Shape note traditions are listed as foundational roots of gospel music.
Fanny Crosby and George F. Root are recognized as pivotal figures in the early development and composition of gospel songs.
Answer: True
Explanation: Fanny Crosby and George F. Root are indeed identified as key figures in the early composition and development of gospel songs.
John Newton and Augustus Toplady are acknowledged for their significant contributions to the foundational development of gospel music via their hymn compositions.
Answer: True
Explanation: John Newton and Augustus Toplady are recognized for their influential hymns that became integral to the gospel music repertoire.
Thomas A. Dorsey's work centered on fostering new compositions within gospel music, rather than solely adhering to traditional hymns.
Answer: True
Explanation: Thomas A. Dorsey was instrumental in developing new compositions for gospel music, rather than focusing exclusively on traditional hymns.
Mahalia Jackson is widely recognized by the appellation 'Queen of Gospel'.
Answer: True
Explanation: Mahalia Jackson is indeed widely known and referred to as the 'Queen of Gospel'.
Sister Rosetta Tharpe is acknowledged for her pioneering contributions to blues music, possessing significant connections to the gospel tradition.
Answer: True
Explanation: Sister Rosetta Tharpe is recognized for her pioneering work in blues music, which emerged directly from and maintained strong ties to the Black gospel tradition.
Arizona Dranes pioneered gospel music recordings by incorporating ragtime elements and piano accompaniment, not orchestral arrangements.
Answer: True
Explanation: Arizona Dranes was the first to introduce ragtime elements into gospel music and was the first to record gospel music with piano accompaniment, not orchestral arrangements.
Bertha Houston's song 'We are Americans, Praise the Lord' contains topical verses referencing the World War II era, not the Civil War.
Answer: True
Explanation: Bertha Houston's song 'We are Americans, Praise the Lord' includes verses related to World War II, not the Civil War era.
Identify an individual recognized as an original composer of gospel songs during the 19th century.
Answer: Fanny Crosby
Explanation: Fanny Crosby was among the prominent composers who contributed significantly to the early development of gospel songs in the 19th century.
Identify the hymn writer, renowned for 'Amazing Grace,' whose works were incorporated into the gospel music repertoire.
Answer: John Newton
Explanation: John Newton, the writer of 'Amazing Grace,' is among the hymn writers whose works were adopted into gospel music.
Who is credited with fostering the musical development of numerous African-American artists within the gospel genre during the 1930s?
Answer: Thomas A. Dorsey
Explanation: Thomas A. Dorsey is credited with developing the musical careers of many African-American artists in gospel music during the 1930s.
Which esteemed artist is widely referred to by the title 'Queen of Gospel'?
Answer: Mahalia Jackson
Explanation: Mahalia Jackson is widely recognized and referred to as the 'Queen of Gospel'.
Sister Rosetta Tharpe is recognized as a pioneering figure in which musical genre, emerging directly from the Black gospel tradition?
Answer: Rock and Roll
Explanation: Sister Rosetta Tharpe is recognized as a pioneer of rock and roll, emerging from the Black gospel tradition.
What significant innovation is Arizona Dranes credited with in the realm of gospel music recordings?
Answer: Introducing ragtime elements and piano accompaniment.
Explanation: Arizona Dranes is credited with introducing ragtime elements into gospel music and was the first to record gospel music with piano accompaniment.
Bertha Houston's song 'We are Americans, Praise the Lord' contains topical verses referencing the World War II era, not the Civil War.
Answer: True
Explanation: Bertha Houston's song 'We are Americans, Praise the Lord' includes topical verses related to World War II.
Post-World War II, gospel music performances transitioned towards greater elaboration and were increasingly presented in larger venues.
Answer: True
Explanation: Following World War II, gospel music performances became more elaborate and were often held in larger auditoriums, indicating a shift towards larger-scale presentations.
Soul music is identified as a prominent popular music variant that exhibits substantial influence from gospel music.
Answer: True
Explanation: Soul music is recognized as the best-known popular music variant that is heavily influenced by gospel music.
Within traditional Southern Afroamerican gospel ensembles, lead vocal duties were typically undertaken by female vocalists.
Answer: False
Explanation: Traditional Southern Afroamerican gospel groups typically featured all-male quartets, with lead vocal duties usually performed by male singers.
The musical legacies of Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis include notable gospel influences and recordings.
Answer: True
Explanation: Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis are recognized for incorporating gospel influences and making gospel recordings within their broader musical careers.
Urban Contemporary Gospel is characterized by its fusion of traditional Black gospel elements with contemporary secular Black music styles, rather than early American folk music.
Answer: True
Explanation: Urban Contemporary Gospel fuses traditional Black gospel with secular Black music styles and contemporary production, not early American folk music.
Reach Records, established by Lecrae, stands as a commercially successful entity within the Christian rap/hip-hop subgenre.
Answer: True
Explanation: Reach Records, founded by Lecrae, is recognized as a successful label within the Christian rap/hip-hop subgenre.
Southern gospel music is typically characterized by its traditional quartet format, rather than large choirs and orchestral arrangements.
Answer: True
Explanation: Southern gospel music is often associated with the quartet format, distinguishing it from styles that might feature large choirs or orchestral arrangements.
The genre of Christian country music has experienced adoption by mainstream artists, who often focus on inspirational lyrical themes.
Answer: True
Explanation: Christian country music has evolved to be embraced by mainstream artists, frequently incorporating inspirational lyrical content.
Urban Contemporary gospel is characterized by its fusion with secular music styles and contemporary instrumentation, including electronic elements, not solely traditional acoustic instruments.
Answer: True
Explanation: Urban Contemporary gospel incorporates contemporary rhythms and instrumentation, including electronic beats, diverging from a sole reliance on traditional acoustic instruments.
What notable shift in gospel music performance practices emerged following World War II?
Answer: Concerts became more elaborate and were held in larger auditoriums.
Explanation: Following World War II, gospel music performances evolved to become more elaborate and were increasingly presented in larger auditoriums.
Which popular music subgenre is identified as being most significantly influenced by gospel music?
Answer: Soul music
Explanation: Soul music is identified as the best-known popular music variant that exhibits substantial influence from gospel music.
Describe the traditional vocal configuration of Southern Afroamerican gospel ensembles.
Answer: All-male quartets (tenor, lead, baritone, bass).
Explanation: Traditional Southern Afroamerican gospel groups typically featured all-male quartets, with vocal parts including tenor, lead, baritone, and bass.
Identify a group mentioned as prominent performers within the Christian country music genre.
Answer: The Oak Ridge Boys
Explanation: The Oak Ridge Boys are mentioned as famous performers within the Christian country music genre.
Which prominent musicians are cited for their gospel influences or recordings dating from the late 20th century?
Answer: Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis
Explanation: Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis are mentioned as musicians with gospel influences and recordings from the late 20th century.
Emerging in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Urban Contemporary Gospel is primarily characterized by:
Answer: Fusion with secular Black music styles using contemporary rhythms and electronic beats.
Explanation: Urban Contemporary Gospel is characterized by its fusion of traditional Black gospel with secular Black music styles, contemporary rhythms, and electronic beats.
Which record label, founded by the artist Lecrae, has attained notable commercial success within the Christian rap/hip-hop subgenre?
Answer: Reach Records
Explanation: Reach Records, founded by Lecrae, has achieved significant commercial success in the Christian rap/hip-hop subgenre.
Southern gospel music is frequently designated as 'quartet music,' a designation stemming from:
Answer: Its traditional setup involves four male singers and a piano.
Explanation: Southern gospel music is often called 'quartet music' due to its traditional setup of four male singers accompanied by a piano.
How did Christian country music evolve during the mid-1990s?
Answer: Mainstream country artists began recording music with this style, focusing on inspirational lyrics.
Explanation: In the mid-1990s, Christian country music saw mainstream artists adopt its style, often focusing on inspirational lyrics.
In what key aspects does Urban Contemporary gospel differ from traditional Black gospel?
Answer: It fuses traditional elements with secular Black music styles and contemporary production.
Explanation: Urban Contemporary gospel differs from traditional Black gospel by fusing traditional elements with secular Black music styles and contemporary production techniques.
The advent of television in the 1920s served as the principal catalyst for expanding the audience reach of gospel music.
Answer: False
Explanation: The advent of radio in the 1920s, not television, was the primary factor in significantly broadening the audience for gospel music.
The widespread revival movements of the late 19th century stimulated, rather than declined, the output of gospel music publishing.
Answer: True
Explanation: The popularity associated with revival movements in the late 19th century led to an increase in gospel music publishing, not a decline.
James D. Vaughan strategically employed radio broadcasting to advance the dissemination of his gospel music publications.
Answer: True
Explanation: James D. Vaughan integrated radio into his business model specifically to promote the gospel music books he published.
Albert E. Brumley's 1937 composition, 'Turn Your Radio On,' acknowledged, rather than ignored, the escalating significance of radio.
Answer: True
Explanation: Albert E. Brumley's song 'Turn Your Radio On' explicitly referenced the growing importance of radio in disseminating gospel music.
Which technological advancement played a significant role in broadening the audience for gospel music during the 1920s?
Answer: The emergence of radio
Explanation: The emergence of radio broadcasting in the 1920s was a pivotal technological advancement that significantly expanded the audience for gospel music.
What factor significantly influenced the establishment of gospel music publishing houses during the late 19th century?
Answer: The popularity of revival singers and their music.
Explanation: The popularity of revival singers and their music was a key factor influencing the establishment of gospel music publishing houses in the late 19th century.
In what manner did James D. Vaughan leverage radio broadcasting during the 1920s?
Answer: To promote the gospel music books he published.
Explanation: James D. Vaughan utilized radio in the 1920s as a means to promote the gospel music books he published.
Albert E. Brumley's 1937 song, 'Turn Your Radio On,' is notable for:
Answer: Highlighting the growing importance of radio for gospel music.
Explanation: Albert E. Brumley's 1937 song 'Turn Your Radio On' highlighted the increasing significance of radio for gospel music's reach.
In 1930, traditional Black gospel music received official endorsement from the National Baptist Convention.
Answer: True
Explanation: The National Baptist Convention officially endorsed traditional Black gospel music at its 1930 meeting, marking a significant point in its acceptance.
The Gospel Music Association (GMA) was established in 1964, subsequently initiating the Dove Awards and the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Gospel Music Association (GMA) was founded in 1964 and subsequently launched the Dove Awards and the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.
The Dove Awards and Gospel Music Hall of Fame initially exhibited a limited inclusion of Black artists, expanding their scope later.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Dove Awards and Gospel Music Hall of Fame initially focused primarily on Southern gospel performers, later expanding to include artists from other subgenres, which led to greater inclusion of Black artists.
James Cleveland founded the Gospel Music Workshop of America, establishing it as a platform primarily for Black gospel music.
Answer: True
Explanation: James Cleveland established the Gospel Music Workshop of America in 1969 with the specific purpose of serving as a platform for Black gospel music.
Critics of gospel music during the late 19th century contended that it prioritized emotional expression over doctrinal depth, becoming overly sensational.
Answer: True
Explanation: From the late 19th century, critics argued that gospel music emphasized emotion over doctrine, leading to sensationalism.
In its 2000 hymnal supplement, 'The Faith We Sing,' the United Methodist Church formally acknowledged the value and inclusion of gospel songs.
Answer: True
Explanation: The United Methodist Church, in its 2000 hymnal supplement 'The Faith We Sing,' acknowledged the significance and inclusion of gospel songs.
The Gospel Music Association (GMA) maintains a broad scope, acknowledging all forms of gospel and Christian music, rather than focusing exclusively on traditional Black gospel.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Gospel Music Association (GMA) acknowledges all forms of gospel and Christian music, not solely traditional Black gospel.
The USC Gospel Music History Archive serves as a repository of historical resources pertaining to gospel music, not exclusively contemporary recordings.
Answer: True
Explanation: The USC Gospel Music History Archive is a collection of resources focused on the history of gospel music, rather than solely contemporary recordings.
The Gospel Music Association (GMA) functions as a professional organization dedicated to acknowledging the full spectrum of gospel and Christian music.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Gospel Music Association (GMA) is a professional body that acknowledges all forms of gospel and Christian music.
What significant event concerning traditional Black gospel music took place in 1930?
Answer: The National Baptist Convention publicly endorsed the music.
Explanation: In 1930, traditional Black gospel music received official public endorsement from the National Baptist Convention.
Established in 1964, the Gospel Music Association (GMA) subsequently initiated which significant industry recognitions?
Answer: The Dove Awards and the Gospel Music Hall of Fame
Explanation: The Gospel Music Association (GMA), founded in 1964, later initiated the Dove Awards and the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.
How did the Dove Awards and Gospel Music Hall of Fame evolve to achieve greater inclusion of Black artists?
Answer: By expanding to include other subgenres starting in the late 1970s.
Explanation: The Dove Awards and Gospel Music Hall of Fame expanded to include other subgenres in the late 1970s, which led to greater inclusion of Black artists.
What was the principal objective behind the establishment of the Gospel Music Workshop of America by James Cleveland in 1969?
Answer: To serve as a platform for Black gospel music.
Explanation: The Gospel Music Workshop of America was founded by James Cleveland in 1969 to serve as a platform for Black gospel music.
What criticism did proponents of 'standard' hymns direct towards gospel music during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
Answer: It emphasized emotion over doctrine and became sensational.
Explanation: Critics argued that gospel music, particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasized emotion over doctrine and became sensational.
What specific acknowledgement regarding gospel songs was made by the United Methodist Church in 'The Faith We Sing' (2000)?
Answer: That older gospel treasures had been overlooked and deserved inclusion.
Explanation: The United Methodist Church acknowledged in 'The Faith We Sing' (2000) that older gospel treasures had been overlooked and deserved inclusion.
What is the defined scope of the Gospel Music Association (GMA)?
Answer: Acknowledging all forms of gospel and Christian music.
Explanation: The Gospel Music Association (GMA) acknowledges all forms of gospel and Christian music, serving as a broad industry organization.
How is the USC Gospel Music History Archive described?
Answer: A collection of resources related to the history of gospel music.
Explanation: The USC Gospel Music History Archive is described as a collection of resources pertinent to the history of gospel music.
Gospel music's influence has been predominantly confined to the United States, with minimal global dissemination.
Answer: False
Explanation: Gospel music has achieved worldwide recognition and dissemination, partly due to the gospel choir phenomenon and its adoption by churches globally.
The designation 'UK gospel' is commonly used to refer to gospel music originating from the African diaspora within the United Kingdom.
Answer: True
Explanation: The term 'UK gospel' is indeed a common designation for gospel music originating from the African diaspora within the United Kingdom.
The song 'Oh Happy Day,' performed by the Edwin Hawkins Singers, achieved significant popularity in 1969.
Answer: True
Explanation: The Edwin Hawkins Singers' song 'Oh Happy Day' became highly popular in 1969.
The predominant trend in contemporary Black gospel music recording leans towards Urban Contemporary Gospel, rather than traditional hymns.
Answer: True
Explanation: Current trends in Black gospel music recording predominantly favor the Urban Contemporary style over traditional hymns.
British black gospel music draws its primary influences from UK street culture and African/Caribbean diaspora churches, not predominantly from American jazz traditions.
Answer: True
Explanation: British black gospel music is primarily influenced by UK street culture and African/Caribbean diaspora churches, rather than American jazz traditions.
What specific factor is cited as significantly contributing to the global dissemination of gospel music?
Answer: The gospel choir phenomenon spearheaded by Thomas Dorsey.
Explanation: The gospel choir phenomenon, championed by Thomas Dorsey, is cited as a significant factor contributing to the global spread of gospel music.
What is the common alternative designation for 'UK gospel'?
Answer: British Black Gospel
Explanation: 'UK gospel' is commonly referred to as British Black Gospel.
The highly popular 1969 hit song by the Edwin Hawkins Singers is:
Answer: "Oh Happy Day"
Explanation: The Edwin Hawkins Singers' highly popular 1969 hit song is 'Oh Happy Day'.
What is the predominant stylistic trend observed among contemporary Black gospel recording artists?
Answer: Urban Contemporary Gospel
Explanation: The predominant stylistic trend among contemporary Black gospel recording artists is Urban Contemporary Gospel.
What are identified as the primary influences shaping British black gospel music?
Answer: UK street culture and African/Caribbean diaspora churches
Explanation: British black gospel music is primarily influenced by UK street culture and African/Caribbean diaspora churches.